在用户与用户直接聊天的设计方案中,用户对象之间存在很强的关联性,将导致系统出现如下问题:
参与者:
Mediator(中介者):中介者定义一个接口用于与各同事对象通信。
ConcreteMediator(具体中介者):具体中介者通过协调各同事对象实现协作行为。了解并维护它的各个同事。
Colleague Class(参与者类):每一个同事者类都知道他的中介者对象,每一个同事对象在需要与其他的同事者通信的时候,与他的中介者通信。
代码一、
public abstract class Mediator
{
protected ArrayList colleagues;
public void register(Colleague colleague)
{
colleagues.add(colleague);
}
public abstract void operation();
}
public abstract class Colleague
{
protected Mediator mediator;
public Colleague(Mediator mediator)
{
this.mediator=mediator;
}
public abstract void method1();
public abstract void method2();
}
public class ConcreteMediator extends Mediator
{
public void operation()
{
......
((Colleague)(colleagues.get(0))).method1();
......
}
}
public class ConcreteColleague extends Colleague
{
public ConcreteColleague(Mediator mediator)
{
super(mediator);
}
public void method1()
{
......
}
public void method2()
{
mediator.operation1();
}
}
代码二、
Mediator(中介者)
public abstract class AbstractChatroom
{
public abstract void register(Member member);
public abstract void sendText(String from,String to,String message);
public abstract void sendImage(String from,String to,String message);
}
ConcreteMediator(具体中介者)
import java.util.*;
public class ChatGroup extends AbstractChatroom
{
private Hashtable members=new Hashtable();
public void register(Member member)
{
if(!members.contains(member))
{
members.put(member.getName(),member);
member.setChatroom(this);
}
}
public void sendText(String from,String to,String message)
{
Member member=(Member)members.get(to);
String newMessage=message;
newMessage=message.replaceAll("日","*");
member.receiveText(from,newMessage);
}
public void sendImage(String from,String to,String image)
{
Member member=(Member)members.get(to);
//模拟图片大小判断
if(image.length()>5)
{
System.out.println("图片太大,发送失败!");
}
else
{
member.receiveImage(from,image);
}
}
}
Colleague Class(参与者类)
public abstract class Member
{
protected AbstractChatroom chatroom;
protected String name;
public Member(String name)
{
this.name=name;
}
public String getName()
{
return name;
}
public void setName(String name)
{
this.name=name;
}
public AbstractChatroom getChatroom()
{
return chatroom;
}
public void setChatroom(AbstractChatroom chatroom)
{
this.chatroom=chatroom;
}
public abstract void sendText(String to,String message);
public abstract void sendImage(String to,String image);
public void receiveText(String from,String message)
{
System.out.println(from + "发送文本给" + this.name + ",内容为:" + message);
}
public void receiveImage(String from,String image)
{
System.out.println(from + "发送图片给" + this.name + ",内容为:" + image);
}
}
public class DiamondMember extends Member
{
public DiamondMember(String name)
{
super(name);
}
public void sendText(String to,String message)
{
System.out.println("钻石会员发送信息:");
chatroom.sendText(name,to,message); //发送
}
public void sendImage(String to,String image)
{
System.out.println("钻石会员发送图片:");
chatroom.sendImage(name,to,image); //发送
}
}
public class CommonMember extends Member
{
public CommonMember(String name)
{
super(name);
}
public void sendText(String to,String message)
{
System.out.println("普通会员发送信息:");
chatroom.sendText(name,to,message); //发送
}
public void sendImage(String to,String image)
{
System.out.println("普通会员不能发送图片!");
}
}
测试
public class Client
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
AbstractChatroom happyChat=new ChatGroup();
Member member1,member2,member3,member4,member5;
member1=new DiamondMember("张三");
member2=new DiamondMember("李四");
member3=new CommonMember("王五");
member4=new CommonMember("小芳");
member5=new CommonMember("小红");
happyChat.register(member1);
happyChat.register(member2);
happyChat.register(member3);
happyChat.register(member4);
happyChat.register(member5);
member1.sendText("李四","李四,你好!");
member2.sendText("张三","张三,你好!");
member1.sendText("李四","今天天气不错,有日!");
member2.sendImage("张三","一个很大很大的太阳");
member2.sendImage("张三","太阳");
member3.sendText("小芳","还有问题吗?");
member3.sendText("小红","还有问题吗?");
member4.sendText("王五","没有了,谢谢!");
member5.sendText("王五","我也没有了!");
member5.sendImage("王五","谢谢");
}
}
中介者模式可以使对象之间的关系数量急剧减少
中介者承担两方面的职责:
中介者模式的缺点
java.util.Timer
(allscheduleXXX()
methods) java.util.concurrent.Executor#execute()
java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService
(theinvokeXXX()
andsubmit()
methods) java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService
(allscheduleXXX()
methods) java.lang.reflect.Method#invoke()
中介者模式与GUI开发
中介者模式可以方便地应用于图形界面(GUI)开发中,在比较复杂的界面中可能存在多个界面组件之间的交互关系。
对于这些复杂的交互关系,有时候我们可以引入一个中介者类,将这些交互的组件作为具体的同事类,将它们之间的引用和控制关系交由中介者负责,在一定程度上简化系统的交互,这也是中介者模式的常见应用之一。