配置安装Python+安装常用函数库——DAY1_2015_05_20

本系列记录本人机器学习以Python为实现方式的实践过程,希望自己能够踏踏实实完成这个系列,也希望能够与各位切磋交流!

一、安装Python

        下载官网:https://www.python.org/downloads/

问题1:

        Python2以及Python3的选择问题

回答1:

        Python3毫无疑问是最新的而且不断在发展,而Python2已经完结,最终版为Python2.7  

        However, there are some key issues that may require you to use Python 2 rather than Python 3.

  •      Firstly, if you're deploying to an environment you don't control, that may impose a specific version, rather than allowing you a free selection from the available versions.
  •      Secondly, if you want to use a specific third party package or utility that doesn't yet have a released version that is compatible with Python 3, and porting that package is a non-trivial task, you may choose to use Python 2 in order to retain access to that package.
  • Especially popular modules that don't yet support Python 3 include Twisted (for networking and other  applications),gevent (a network library like Twisted, but using micro-threads rather than an explicitly asynchronous style).

              

问题2:

        安装后Python的目录结构

回答2:

        \DLLs    python的动态链接库

        \Doc      python官方文档

        \include  python编译器的C语言头文件源代码

        \Lib        python的标准库(注:\Lib\site-packages    python的拓展库,即第三方库)

        \libs       python的内置库

        \tcl         python默认内置的GUI工具Tkinter

                   关于Tkinter:

                           http://www.cnblogs.com/fuyunbiyi/archive/2012/06/13/2548497.html

       \Tools    python的工具   

       \Scripts   easy_install、pip 等工具位于此处(注:若无安装easy_install 等工具,则没有此文件夹)


二、设置环境变量,以便在cmd上使用

         注意环境变量的分号是英式分号!

三、Python模块的安装

       安装的模块:

       1.基本数学工具库——进行矩阵运算,进行基本的算术处理,元数据处理等:pandasnumpyscipy

       2.统计算法库——statsmodels:统计建模和计量学库

       3.机器学习库

              通用库——scikit learn:包含了常见机器学习算法的库,简单方便

             机器视觉——SimpleCV:—开源的计算机视觉框架,可以访问如OpenCV等高性能计算机视觉库。
              自然语言处理——
NLTK :一个领先的平台,用来编写处理人类语言数据的Python程序

             中文断词工具——jieba

        4.绘图——matplotlib :Python的2D绘图库。


        补充:常用的python模块:http://blog.csdn.net/hengcai001/article/details/4166996


        安装方法:该链接总结的很好,我就不重复说明了

             http://blog.163.com/yang_jianli/blog/static/161990006201162152724339/

       建议:

        1. 使用ez_setup.py安装setuptools(http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/b907e627e78fe146e7891c25.html

        2. 然后easy_install pip安装pip工具

        3. 利用pip方式下载Package (pip install packageName)


问题3:

      Windows下pip安装包出错“Microsoft Visual C++ 9.0 is required  (Unable to find vcvarsall.bat)”

回答3:

     http://www.cnblogs.com/ldm1989/p/4210743.html


问题4:

     Windows下pip安装包出错“fatal error LNK1181: cannot open input file 'xx...xx.obj'”

分析4:

     http://www.cnblogs.com/strive-forever/archive/2011/12/20/2295292.html

回答4:

     当初装python的时候不懂事,路径中的文件夹中有空格——”Python 2.72",所以导致了这个问题,我只好把Python重装了一遍,据说有空格其实也是可以的,不过需要加上“”——前提当然是我们熟悉源代码的情况下...总之路径不用空格是一种良好的习惯= =。


问题5:

      Windows下pip包安装出错“numpy.distutils.system_info.NotFoundError: no lapack/blas resources found”

回答5

       http://stackoverflow.com/questions/30753431/numpy-distutils-system-info-notfounderror-no-lapack-blas-resources-found

       http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/fdffd1f8390029f3e98ca102.html


问题6:

      Python version 2.7 required, which was not found in the registry.

回答6:

      http://blog.csdn.net/zklth/article/details/8117207

四、补充资料 


资料一:

     了解.egg

    (http://blog.csdn.net/turkeyzhou/article/details/8876658以及http://my.oschina.net/u/89296/blog/42393


资料二:

     了解MIME TYPE

    (http://www.cnblogs.com/jsean/articles/1610265.html


资料三:

     径向基核函数RBF

    (http://www.zhizhihu.com/html/y2010/2103.html


资料四:

       IPython

     (http://ipython.org/ipython-doc/3/index.html#ipython-documentation)


资料五:

        scikit-learn github

       (https://github.com/scikit-learn/scikit-learn)


资料六:

        scikit-learn官方文档

       (http://scikit-learn.org/stable/documentation.html)


资料七:

        scikit-learn视频教程

        (http://52opencourse.com/552/%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AApython%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E5%8C%85scikit-learn%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91-tutorial-scikit-learn-machine-learning-in-python


资料八:

        pip 与 easy_install

        http://52opencourse.com/552/%E6%8E%A8%E8%8D%90%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%AApython%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E5%8C%85scikit-learn%E4%BB%A5%E5%8F%8A%E7%9B%B8%E5%85%B3%E8%A7%86%E9%A2%91-tutorial-scikit-learn-machine-learning-in-python


资料九:

        集成平台

           http://www.cnblogs.com/starimpact/p/3526146.html


资料十:

        Python数据科学资源

           http://blog.csdn.net/xmuecor/article/details/44175855

       https://github.com/jonathan-bower/DataScienceResources



资料十一:

     关于Anaconda

     http://continuum.io/

     http://www.jb51.net/article/51651.htm

     http://blog.csdn.net/rumswell/article/details/8927603





















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