概览:win 7 64位+ python 3.7.2 + pycharm + robotframework + IntelliBot + fireFox
这里列出在安装ride时候需要用到的库
安装requests库: pip install requests
安装robotframework: pip install robotframework
安装wxPython: pip install wxPython
安装pywin32: pip install pywin32
安装pygments: pip install pygments
推荐使用pip安装,如 pip install robotframework(以及selenium2library)
pip install requests
我安装的是 requests-2.21.0
pip install robotframework
我安装的是robotframework-3.1.1
安装 robotframework-requests库
pip install -U robotframework-requests
我安装的是robotframework-requests-0.5.0
Selenium (浏览器自动化测试框架)
pip install selenium
我安装的是selenium-3.141.0
ps:我目前是用于机顶盒IPTV测试,好像这个可以先不用安装
研发环境没外网,采用离线安装,down包后解压–进入–python setup.py install
(1)WEB页面测试:
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/robotframework
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/selenium#downloads #依赖包
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/robotframework-seleniumlibrary #依赖包
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/robotframework-selenium2library
(2)接口测试:
在线:pip install requests
离线:
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/certifi #依赖包
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/urllib3#downloads #依赖包
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/idna#downloads #依赖包
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/chardet/#downloads #依赖包
https://pypi.python.org/pypi/requests#downloads
若想安装RIDE(界面编辑工具)需安装:
1.six https://pypi.python.org/simple/six/ 1.6.0 wxPython安装依赖
2.wxPython: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/wxPython – wxPython-4.0.0-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl (md5, pgp)
RIDE是一款专门用来编辑Robot Framework用例的软件,用Python编写并且开源
RIDE使用介绍
pip install wxPython
我安装的是wxPython4.0.4
pip install robotframework-ride
我安装的是robotframework-ride-3.1.1
安装后发现无法启动RIDE
错误如下:
Please be aware of untested wxPython installation
RIDE officially supports wxPython 2.8.12.1 and 3.0.2.
Your current version is 4.0.4.
There are significant changes in newer wxPython versions. Notice that RIDE is still under development for wxPython 3.0.3 and newer (wxPython-Phoenix).
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\robotide\__init__.py", line 81, in main
_run(inpath, not noupdatecheck, debug_console)
File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\robotide\__init__.py", line 100, in _run
from robotide.application import RIDE
File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\robotide\application\__init__.py", line 15, in
from .application import RIDE, Project
File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\robotide\application\application.py", line 20, in
from robotide.namespace import Namespace
File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\robotide\namespace\__init__.py", line 15, in
from .namespace import Namespace
File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\robotide\namespace\namespace.py", line 29, in
from robotide import robotapi, utils
File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\robotide\robotapi.py", line 34, in
from robotide.lib.robot.running import TestLibrary, EXECUTION_CONTEXTS
File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\robotide\lib\robot\running\__init__.py", line 103, in
from .builder import TestSuiteBuilder, ResourceFileBuilder
File "C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\robotide\lib\robot\running\builder.py", line 17, in
from robot.parsing import TestData, ResourceFile as ResourceData, VALID_EXTENSIONS
**ImportError: cannot import name 'VALID_EXTENSIONS' from 'robot.parsing' (C:\Program Files\Python37\lib\site-packages\robot\parsing\__init__.py)**
Use --help to get usage information.
[Finished in 1.3s]
暂时屏蔽如下才启动RIDE
from robot.parsing import TestData, ResourceFile as ResourceData#, VALID_EXTENSIONS
开发IDE, 略
pycharm开发插件【语法高亮】
方法1:pycharm>File>setting>Plugins>Browse reponsitories
方法2:https://plugins.jetbrains.com/plugin/7386-intellibot 下载至本地
pycharm>File>setting>Plugins>install plugin from disk
这里不使用RIDE编写和运行robot framework (因为它暂时不支持Python3)
参照链接
Sublime Text3安装以及初次配置
下载安装sublime后 为了让其能够 Robot Framework语法高亮 (Robot Framework syntax lignlighting )
选择Preferences-Package Control,然后输入install package(这里要等一会才能出现)
在弹出的窗口的输入“robot”就能找到 robot framework assistant,并进行选择,之后就能安装成功。
这样就可以在view-syntax中找到“robot framework syntax highlight”
File>setting>Tools>External tool,配置完成后即可在.robot文件中选择使用该执行器执行
Parameters:当前文件路径
Working directory:工作路径,日志、结果输出等,如下:
注:log.html 执行日志
output.xml 执行相关信息的xml,可用于后续二次解析
report.xml 执行结果报表
https://www.mozilla.org/zh-CN/firefox/developer/
https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/download/v0.19.1/geckodriver-v0.19.1-win64.zip
解压(geckodriver.exe)拷贝至python安装目录
运行一条用例:
pybot --test test_case test_suit.robot
运行指定文件:
pybot test_suit.robot
运行当前目录下以.robot为后缀名的测试文件
pybot *.robot
运行当前testpath目录下的所有用例
pybot testpath
*** Settings ***
Library MyLib #导入自定义的库
Library SeleniumLibrary
*** Test Cases ***
#第一行为固定格式,标识
#建议同python一致,使用tab缩进对齐(pycharm中设置tab=4空格),否则可能报执行失败,报 "Test case contains no keywords"
case1 helloworld #案例名
log chenyuebai first rfw case #log 相当于python的print,可在生成的log.xml中查看
case 2 log #打异常日志,支持多种级别
log test line 2 ERROR
case 3 varible
${myname} Set variable chen #定义变量
log my name is ${myname} #使用变量
#case 4 use varible #变量作用域为其定义所在的案例(case3),否则报"Variable '${myname}' not found."
# log ${myname}
case 5 Catenate
${hi1} Catenate hello world #定义变量方式2 连接两个对象,支持自定义连接符
log ${hi1}
${hi2} Catenate SEPARATOR=---- hello world
log ${hi2}
case 6 list
@{mylist} create list a b c #定义列表
log many @{mylist} #打印列表中的元素
case 7 get time
${currentTime} get time #获取当前时间 2018-01-02 18:05:47
log ${currentTime}
${currentYear} get time format=year #支持多种传参,详情看函数定义
log current year is ${currentYear}
case 8 sleep
log get time
sleep 1 #睡眠,等同于python的time.sleep(5)
log get time
case 9 if
${score} set variable 55
run keyword if ${score}>=90 log 优秀
... ELSE IF ${score}>=70 log 良好 #ELSE/ELSE IF要大写。。。语法很蛋疼。。为啥不直接套用python的语法。。
... ELSE log 很差 # ... 不知道基于什么考虑的。。看起来像是标识属于“run keyword if”这个判断逻辑;类似python的tab?
case 10 for #for循环,注意需要使用\来标识这个for循环范围,感觉和上面的...类似
:FOR ${i} IN RANGE 5 # for in in range(5):
\ log ${i} # print(i)
case 11 allround the list
@{myList} create list 1 2 3 4 # myList = [1,2,3,4]
:FOR ${i} IN @{myList} # for i in myList:
\ log ${i} # print(i)
case 12 Evauate #调用python中的方法,很强大
${randomNum} EVALUATE random.random() random #变量 关键字EVALUATE 调用python的方法 方法所在的库名
log ${randomNum}
case 13 call my python #导入自定义库,下面有详细说明
${nowTime} get current time
log ${nowTime}
case 14 Comment
log start
#line 1
comment line 2 #标明注释:使用关键字或者#均可
log end
case 15 Selenium2Library #Selenium2Library库,操作浏览器,可作web界面自动化,待细化
open_browser http://www.baidu.com firefox
Input text id=kw 陈月白
click button id=su
sleep 3
close Browser
Selenium2Library提供了很多的方法,但在实际使用中仍有部分场景需要自行编写,robotFramework支持导入用户自定义的库。
需注意文件名、类名的对应关系,否则会导入库失败;
在…\python安装路径\Lib\site-packages下:
import time
class MyKeywords():
def __init__(self):
pass
#获取当前时间
def get_current_time(self):
current_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time()))
return current_time
"""
继承自定义库中的类,rfw会解析类中的函数作为关键词
"""
from .MyKeywords import *
class MyRobotFwkLib(MyKeywords):
ROBOT_LIBRARY_SCOPE = "GLOBAL"
*** Settings ***
Library MyRobotFwkLib #导入自定义的库
case 13 call my python
${nowTime} get current time
log ${nowTime}
SeleniumLibrary提供很多基础关键字,基本可以模拟完成浏览器上大部分操作;
另外还支持将基础关键字按业务逻辑封装为高级关键字(可以理解为一个函数,下面有例子);
支持指定多种浏览器,按元素标识操作元素;
定位元素工具我用的火狐的插件:firePath、fireBug,很方便;
基础关键字(SeleniumLibrary自带) + 高级关键字(按实际业务对基础关键字封装) + 用户自定义库中的关键字(上面有配置实例),几乎可以满足大多数web应用各种业务场景;
ps:调试时发现许多关键字无法查看定义,不方便看用法及传参,但实际执行时又没问题;
看了下SeleniumLibrary库的__init__.py,确定是因为多数涉及的关键字库,都是在启动执行时,初始化继承过来的;
于是笨方法,直接全量引入,目前来看也没什么影响。
实现项目后台登录及校验:
*** Settings ***
#方便IDE调试,不添加无法找到关键字定义
Library browsermanagement
Library AlertKeywords
Library BrowserManagementKeywords
Library CookieKeywords
Library ElementKeywords
Library FormElementKeywords
Library FrameKeywords
Library JavaScriptKeywords
Library RunOnFailureKeywords
Library ScreenshotKeywords
Library SelectElementKeywords
Library TableElementKeywords
Library WaitingKeywords
Library WindowKeywords
Library SeleniumLibrary
#配置套件级别的Setup和Teardown
Suite Setup
... log now test start 1 #只执行一条
Suite Teardown Run Keywords
... close all browsers AND #执行多条
... log now end 4
#全局变量
*** Variables ***
${loginPageUrl} http://10.XX.XX.232:9XX0/admin/index.do?index=1
${validUsername} admin
${validloginPasswd} adminpasswd
*** Test Cases ***
case 1 correct login test
#配置用例级别的Setup和Teardown
[setup] log setup log 2
[teardown] log teardown log 3
correctLoginTest ${validUsername} ${validloginPasswd} #使用基础关键字封装出的高级关键字
#使用基础关键字封装高级关键字,类似python的一个函数,支持入参出参,很灵活
*** Keywords ***
correctLoginTest
[Arguments] ${uasename} ${passwd}
open browser ${loginPageUrl} firefox
setBrowser
input text xpath=html/body/div[1]/form/input[1] ${uasename}
input text xpath=html/body/div[1]/form/input[2] ${passwd}
click element class=submit
sleep 5
# ${page1_title} get title #获取页面title,可后续校验页面是否到达
# ${width} ${height} get window size #获取浏览器窗口大小
# select window NEW #切换到新弹出窗口(视图焦点)
page should contain element xpath=//*[@id='topMenu4'] #系统管理菜单
sleep 2
close all browsers
setBrowser
set window size 1024 768 #设置浏览器窗口大小
maximize browser window #浏览器窗口最大化
sleep 1
数据驱动测试,适合相同流程、相同预期结果下,不同输入组合的测试
比如测试异常登录流程,用户名、密码在错误(或空)各种组合下的异常验证
例子:
*** Settings ***
Library SeleniumLibrary
Test Template errorLoginTest #公共逻辑
*** Variables ***
${loginPageUrl} http://10.XX.XX.232:9XX0/admin/index.do?index=1
${validUsername} admin
${validloginPasswd} adminpasswd
*** Test Cases *** username passwd
#异常登录测试
case 2:Invalid Username invalidname ${validloginPasswd}
case 3:Invalid Password ${validUsername} invalidPasswd
case 4:Invalid Both invalidName invalidPasswd
case 5:Empty Username ${EMPTY} ${validloginPasswd}
case 6:Empty Password ${validUsername} ${EMPTY}
case 7:Empty Both ${EMPTY} ${EMPTY}
*** Keywords ***
errorLoginTest
[Arguments] ${uasename} ${passwd}
open browser ${loginPageUrl} firefox
input text xpath=html/body/div[1]/form/input[1] ${uasename}
input text xpath=html/body/div[1]/form/input[2] ${passwd}
click element class=submit
sleep 5
page should contain element class=submit 5 error:预期应含登录元素未找到【即跳转失败】
sleep 5
close all browsers
注:参考并引用自
python 3.6 + robotFramework自动化框架 环境搭建、学习笔记 - 陈月白 - 博客园
https://www.cnblogs.com/chenyuebai/p/8359577.html