一、SQL:结构化查询语言
二、语句
1、检查数据:select
select [all | distinct ]
[top n [percent] [with ties]]
<select_list>
<select_list>...
{ *
|{ table_name | view_name | table_alias} *
.....}
```
(1)
```sql
select name from tb_employee
(2)
select number,name,sex from tb_employee
(3)
select * from tb_employee
2、排序
(1)按编号(number)升序排序
select number,name,sex from tb_employee order by number
(2)按编号(number)、年龄(sex)排序
select number,name,sex,age from tb_employee order by age,number
(3)按列位置。(第4列:age,第1列:number)
select number,name,sex,age from tb_employee order by 4,1
(4)按年龄(age)降序排序
select number,name,sex,age from tb_employee order by age DESC
(5)按年龄(age)降序排序,再按编号(number)排序
select number,name,sex,age from tb_employee order by age DESC , name
(6)对新生成的列进行排序
将图书数据中,单本版税最高的书排在第一位。
select title,price * royalty/100 as royalty_per_unit from titles order by royalty_per_unit desc
3、过滤数据(where子句)
(1)
select number,name,sex,age from tb_employee where age=28
(2)运算符:=、>= <= <> !<(不小于)
select number,name,sex,age from tb_employee where age>=28
4、检索指定范围的值(between)
(1)年龄在28~34之间的员工
select number,name,sex,age from tb_employee where age between 28 and 34
5、模式条件查询
通配符:%(零个或任意多个字符串)、_(任意单个字符)、[](指定范围)
(1)姓张
select number,name,from tb_employee where name like '张%'
(2)下划线(_)通配符
姓名中第二字为“强”的
select number,name,from tb_employee where name like '_强'
(3)查询电话号码以“110”结尾且开头数字位于1~5之间的员工信息。
select * from tb_employee where phone like '[1-5]30110'
(4)and、or、not
select * from tb_employee where name like '张%' or name like '李%'
select sex,AVG(age) as 平均年龄 from tb_employee group by sex
select count(number) as 员工人数 from tb_employee
select max(age) as 最大年龄 from tb_employee
select sum (realitypay) as 工资发放总额 from tb_pay
7、分组统计、子查询
8、插入数据
(1)插入完整行
insert into tb_employee values('00030','小李','女','2220000','1980-02-01','41','汉族','96784')
(2)插入部分行
insert into tb_employee(number,name) values('00031','小王')
(3)
insert into 月消费信息表 select * from 日消费信息表
9、修改、删除数据
(1)修改数据
delete from table_name where search_conditions
delete from tb_employee '删除表中所有的数据
delete from tb_employee where age < 23