Axel Hutter is a ludwig university professor,he is good at teaching Kant and Hegel philosophy.
Today he told that some people learn and know the world only from the superficial,they copy from teachers and books,his knowledge has been drawn from reason,which just like a plaster cast of living man.it is dead and copy of others.
but if a man is critical,he doubts everything with rational reason.his idea is original,so he is alive.he is not only listen or copy,he thinks deeply and creatively.
You don't understand a book.just from cover,repeat a sentence,recite the words,you should know how is it should be.if you.not think critical,you can not look beyond the limit of systems,and remain in a state of pupil-age lives.so teachers are dangerous,they restrict your minds,if you only believe in school,you are a scholars-thinking,it will be harmful.
as german said"eine erkentnis demnach kann objektiv philosophish sein und ist doch subjektive historisch,wie bei allen,die ueber die schule niemals zeitleben…"
then he talked about cosmically and scholastic conception.
by a cosmical conception means one in which all men necessarily take an interest,where as science is determined according to scholastic conceptions,it is regarded merely as a means to certain arbitrary proposed ends.
Pro.Axel said everything should has its reason.our school has limit,our country has limit,but cosmical has not language,nobody will ill and no medicine. man seek for free and useless.man can not teach,but man has to through talk to educate kids.how sad is it !
then he mentioned Kant created a new widespread perspective in philosophy 1-order and 2-order.
the first order is superficial ,just read the letters ,spell out phenomena,in order to read as experience,and our reason raises itself cognition to elevate to admit of the possibility of an object.
but the second order is different.it is a unity of being and meaning,bottle is not a bottle ,you define it .(what is puzzled me that ,if a language has barriers to express what we really to express ,anything can we instead of ?how can we understand the world more clearly?)
Hegel vs Kant
Hegel is more critical to first order ,he hates people to understand just from words,sentences.
but it is sad that somebody all the life are in the school ,they never think by themselves ,if let alone the words,they can do nothing.Rousseau set me right about this,this blinding prejudice disappeared,i learned to honor humanity.