Java高并发(三)——多线程协作，同步控制

      继上一篇：Java高并发——多线程基础 中讲到，共享资源的合理使用，才能够使多线程程序有条不紊的运行。其中我们通过synchronized来实现临界区资源的是否可以访问。而，这篇我们来重点总结synchronized的增强替代版锁，以及其它JDK并发包提供的一些同步控制的功能。

      好，还是先看下知识的总结思维导图，然后分开进行总结：

       一，ReentrantLock（重入锁）：1，顾名思义就是像一把锁，我们可以锁住，又可以打开，从而控制资源的同步访问。而其中重入特性指的是同一个线程，可以反复的进入；2，中断响应，对于synchronized只有保持等待，和继续执行两种情况；而ReentrantLock在等待的过程，我们可以通知其放弃等待（类似生活中约会，你等了一会朋友没到，但是朋友遇到突发情况不能来了，给你打了电话通知你，你就不等了）；3，申请等待时间：就是指定等待时间，在指定时间没得到，则放弃；4，公平锁：指定fair为true则进行先到先得，而不是随机选取。这里看下ReentrantLock的相关例子：

//1,ReentrantLock例子
public class ReentrantLockTest implements Runnable{
    public static ReentrantLock lock  =new ReentrantLock();

    public static int i =0;

    public void run() {
        for (int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
            lock.lock();
            //lock.lock();
            try {
                i++;
            }finally {
                lock.unlock();
                //lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ReentrantLockTest reentrantLockTest = new ReentrantLockTest();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(reentrantLockTest);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(reentrantLockTest);

        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        t1.join();
        t2.join();
        System.out.println(i);
    }
}


//2，lock1.lockInterruptibly()中断后可放弃
public class InterruptLock implements Runnable {
    public static ReentrantLock lock1 = new ReentrantLock();
    public static ReentrantLock lock2 = new ReentrantLock();

    int lock;

    public InterruptLock(int lock) {
        this.lock = lock;
    }

    public void run() {
        try {
            if (lock == 1) {
                lock1.lockInterruptibly();
                Thread.sleep(500);
                lock2.lockInterruptibly();
            } else {
                lock2.lockInterruptibly();
                Thread.sleep(500);
                lock1.lockInterruptibly();
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (lock1.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                lock1.unlock();
            }
            if (lock2.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                lock2.unlock();
            }
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "线程退出");

        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        InterruptLock interruptLock1 = new InterruptLock(1);
        InterruptLock interruptLock2 = new InterruptLock(2);
        Thread t1 = new Thread(interruptLock1);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(interruptLock2);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
        Thread.sleep(1000);
        t2.interrupt();

    }
}



//3，申请等待时间例子：如果直接使用tryLock()如果拿不到则直接返回，不会等待
public class TimeLock implements Runnable {

    public static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    public void run() {
        try {
            if (lock.tryLock(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
                System.out.println( Thread.currentThread().getName() + "get lock success");
                Thread.sleep(6000);
            } else {
                System.out.println( Thread.currentThread().getName() + "get lock failed");
            }
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (lock.isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        TimeLock timeLock = new TimeLock();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(timeLock);
        Thread t2 = new Thread(timeLock);
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}


//4,公平锁，先到先得
public class FairLock implements Runnable {
    public static ReentrantLock fairLock = new ReentrantLock(true);

    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try{
                fairLock.lock();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "get lock");
            }finally {
                fairLock.unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        FairLock fairLock = new FairLock();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(fairLock,"thread1");
        Thread t2 = new Thread(fairLock,"thread2");
        t1.start();
        t2.start();
    }
}

       二，Condition条件：记得上篇博客中我们wait()、notify()等待和通知，Condition也可以实现类似的功能，配合锁进行使用。提供的方法await()、awaitUninterruptibly()、awaitNanos(long nanosTimeout)、await(long time,TimeUnit unit)、signal()、signalAll()等，也很容易理解。这里提一下：生产者消费者模型中，如果库房慢了，则生产者await；如果库房没了，则消费者await；生产者生成一个则signal；消费者消费一个则signal。是不是非常实用。好看个简单例子：

public class ConditionTest implements Runnable {

    public static ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();
    public static Condition condition = reentrantLock.newCondition();

    public void run() {

        try {
            reentrantLock.lock();
            condition.await();
            System.out.println("Thread is going on");
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            reentrantLock.unlock();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ConditionTest conditionTest = new ConditionTest();
        Thread t1 = new Thread(conditionTest);
        t1.start();
        Thread.sleep(2000);
        reentrantLock.lock();
        condition.signal();
        reentrantLock.unlock();
    }
}

       三，Semaphore信号量：这个也挺容易理解的。无论是synchronized还是lock都是一次只能一个线程获取资源，而信号量可以多个同时访问。其中方法有：acquire()、acquireUninterruptibly()、tryAcquire()、tryAcquire(long timeout,TimeUnit unit)、release()等。看个简单的例子：

public class SemaphoreTest implements  Runnable {
    final Semaphore semaphore =new Semaphore(5);

    public void run() {
        try {
            semaphore.acquire();
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "done");
            semaphore.release();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(20);
        final SemaphoreTest semaphoreTest = new SemaphoreTest();
        for (int i = 0; i <20 ; i++) {
            executorService.execute(semaphoreTest);
        }
    }
}

       四，ReadWriteLock读写锁：现实业务场景中往往都是读多写少，而读不会带来数据的不一致性，所以就有了读写锁，读读不阻塞、读写阻塞、写写阻塞，对于读远远大于写的非常使用。看个简单例子：

public class ReadWriteLockTest {
    private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    private static ReentrantReadWriteLock reentrantReadWriteLock = new ReentrantReadWriteLock();
    private static Lock readLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.readLock();
    private static Lock writeLock = reentrantReadWriteLock.writeLock();
    private int value;

    public Object handleRead(Lock lock) throws InterruptedException {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            return value;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }

    }

    public void handleWrite(Lock lock, int index) throws InterruptedException {
        try {
            lock.lock();
            Thread.sleep(1000);
            value = index;
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final ReadWriteLockTest readWriteLockTest = new ReadWriteLockTest();
        Runnable readRunnale = new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    readWriteLockTest.handleRead(readLock);
                    //readWriteLockTest.handleRead(lock);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };


        Runnable writeRunnale = new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    readWriteLockTest.handleWrite(readLock, new Random().nextInt());
                    //readWriteLockTest.handleWrite(lock,new Random().nextInt());
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        };

        for (int i = 0; i < 18; i++) {
            new Thread(readRunnale).start();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            new Thread(writeRunnale).start();
        }
    }
}

       五，CountDownLatch倒计时器：也是非常实用的，可以让主线等待一组子线程执行完毕再进行业务的处理。看个简单例子：

public class CountDownLatchTest implements Runnable {
    static final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(10);
    static final CountDownLatchTest countDownLatchTest = new CountDownLatchTest();

    public void run() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10)*100);
            System.out.println("check complete");

        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            countDownLatch.countDown();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
        for (int i = 0; i <10 ; i++) {
            executorService.execute(countDownLatchTest);
        }

        countDownLatch.await();
        System.out.println("all complete");
        executorService.shutdown();
    }
}

       六，CyclicBarrier循环栅栏：增强版CountDownLatch，但是是可以循环使用。这里看个经典例子：司令下达命令，10个士兵一起去完成一项任务：10个士兵首先集合报道，然后去执行任务，执行完了再汇报司令，司令宣布完成任务。相当于计数了两次，循环使用了。好看个例子：

public class CyclicBarrierTest {

    public static class Soldier implements Runnable {
        private String soldier;
        private final CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier;

        Soldier(CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier, String soldierName) {
            this.soldier = soldierName;
            this.cyclicBarrier = cyclicBarrier;
        }

        public void run() {

            try {
                //等待所有士兵到齐
                cyclicBarrier.await();
                doWork();
                cyclicBarrier.await();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }

        void doWork() {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(soldier + "do work");
        }
    }


    public static class BarrierRun implements Runnable {

        boolean flag;
        int n;

        public BarrierRun(boolean flag, int n) {
            this.flag = flag;
            this.n = n;
        }

        public void run() {
            if (flag) {
                System.out.println("soldier" + n + "个，do work");
            } else {
                System.out.println("soldier" + n + "个，集合完毕");
                flag = true;
            }
        }
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        final int n = 10;
        Thread[] allSoldier = new Thread[n];
        boolean flag = false;
        CyclicBarrier cyclicBarrier = new CyclicBarrier(n, new BarrierRun(flag, n));
        //
        System.out.println("集合");
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            System.out.println(i + "+soldier come");
            allSoldier[i] = new Thread(new Soldier(cyclicBarrier, "soldier" + n));
            allSoldier[i].start();

        }
    }
}

       七，LockSupport：上篇讲了挂起（suspend）和继续执行（resume），其中都是JDK不建议使用的，也说到它的不好处。而LockSupport的静态方法park()可以阻塞当前线程，unpark()继续执行，利用的就是信号量的原理，它为每个线程准备了一个许可证，如果许可证可用，则park()立即返回，并消费许可，如果不可用则进行阻塞；而unpark()则使这个许可变为可用。许可为唯一的。

public class LockSupportTest {

    public static Object u = new Object();
    static ChangeObjectThread t1 =new ChangeObjectThread("t1");
    static ChangeObjectThread t2 =new ChangeObjectThread("t2");

    public static class ChangeObjectThread extends Thread{
        public ChangeObjectThread(String name){
            super.setName(name);
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            synchronized (u){
                System.out.println("in"+ getName());
                LockSupport.park();
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        t1.start();
        Thread.sleep(100);
        t2.start();
        LockSupport.unpark(t1);
        LockSupport.unpark(t2);
        t1.join();
        t2.join();
    }
}

       好，通过上边几个类的功能都可以很好的满足多线程之间的协作，同步控制资源。只有让数据不出错，才能更高的发挥多线程的高效价值！继续……