Java Collections.addAll() 与 ArrayList.addAll() 的区别

我们在编码时经常需要将一些元素添加到一个List中,此时我们一般有两种选择:Collections.addAll()或者是ArrayList.addAll()。在需添加元素比较少的情况下,并在List的size在万级以上时,一般建议Collections.addAll(),但当List的size较小时,两种方法没有什么区别,甚至ArrayList.addAll()更好。

当我们将一个数组添加到一个List中时,Collections.addAll()和ArrayList.addAll()没有什么性能差异。

但当我们将一个List添加到一个List中时,建议使用ArrayList.addAll()。

添加数组和列表,要比添加元素快。

HashMap和HashSet有类似用法。

示例代码如下(为了尽量不让gc对实验结论影响,特意将jvm设置成了16G):

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

public class CollectionsTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		List list1 = new ArrayList() {{add(0); add(-1);}};
		List list2 = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(2, 4, -9));

		list1.addAll(list2);
		System.out.println(list1);
		list2.set(0, 100000);
		System.out.println(list1);//深复制
		System.out.println();

		//功能性展示
		Collections.addAll(list2, 34, 67, 78);
		System.out.println(list2);
		list2.addAll(Arrays.asList(34, 67, 78));
		System.out.println(list2);
		System.out.println();

		//性能展示
		System.out.println("添加元素---------------------------\n");
		for(int size = 1000; size < 100000000; size *= 10) {
			long time = System.nanoTime();
			List list3 = new ArrayList();
			for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
				list3.addAll(Arrays.asList(1, 45, 34, 456, 1212, -6, 43, 55));
			}
			System.out.println("ArrayList.addAll()@size = " + size + "\ntime:" + (System.nanoTime() - time));
			
			time = System.nanoTime();
			List list4 = new ArrayList();
			for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
				Collections.addAll(list4, 1, 45, 34, 456, 1212, -6, 43, 55);
			}
			System.out.println("Collections.addAll()@size = " + size + "\ntime:" + (System.nanoTime() - time) + "\n");
		}
		System.gc();
		
		System.out.println("添加数组---------------------------\n");
		Integer[] arr = {1, 45, 34, 456, 1212, -6, 43, 55};
		for(int size = 1000; size < 100000000; size *= 10) {
			long time = System.nanoTime();
			List list3 = new ArrayList();
			for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
				list3.addAll(Arrays.asList(arr));
			}
			System.out.println("ArrayList.addAll()@size = " + size + "\ntime:" + (System.nanoTime() - time));
			
			time = System.nanoTime();
			List list4 = new ArrayList();
			for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
				Collections.addAll(list4, arr);
			}
			System.out.println("Collections.addAll()@size = " + size + "\ntime:" + (System.nanoTime() - time) + "\n");
		}
		System.gc();
		
		System.out.println("添加列表---------------------------\n");
		ArrayList list = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(1, 45, 34, 456, 1212, -6, 43, 55));
		for(int size = 1000; size < 100000000; size *= 10) {
			long time = System.nanoTime();
			List list3 = new ArrayList();
			for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
				list3.addAll(list);
			}
			System.out.println("ArrayList.addAll()@size = " + size + "\ntime:" + (System.nanoTime() - time));
			
			time = System.nanoTime();
			List list4 = new ArrayList();
			for(int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
				Collections.addAll(list4, list.toArray(new Integer[0]));
			}
			System.out.println("Collections.addAll()@size = " + size + "\ntime:" + (System.nanoTime() - time) + "\n");
		}
	}
}
运行截图展示:

Java Collections.addAll() 与 ArrayList.addAll() 的区别_第1张图片
Java Collections.addAll() 与 ArrayList.addAll() 的区别_第2张图片


HashMap和HashSet的类似用法

示例代码:

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;

public class CollectionsTest {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		
		HashSet set1 = new HashSet();
		HashSet set2 = new HashSet() {{add(5);}};
		
		Collections.addAll(set1, 2, 4, 6, 7);
		System.out.println(set1);
		
		set1.addAll(set2);
		System.out.println(set1);
		
		HashMap map1 = new HashMap(){{put(1, 5);}};
		HashMap map2 = new HashMap(){{put(3, 4);}};
		
		map1.putAll(map2);
		System.out.println(map1);
	}
}
运行截图:



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