在twitter-bootstrap中有这么一个功能:
我们如何在WPF也实现类似这种写法:
首先熟悉一点WPF的人都知道,placeholder在这里是一个附加属性,而这个附加属性的类型是String。
首先我们想到的可能是这样:
public static string GetPlaceholder1(DependencyObject obj)
{
return (string)obj.GetValue(Placeholder1Property);
}
public static void SetPlaceholder1(DependencyObject obj, string value)
{
obj.SetValue(Placeholder1Property, value);
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty Placeholder1Property =
DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("Placeholder1", typeof(string), typeof(TextBoxHelper),
new UIPropertyMetadata(string.Empty, new PropertyChangedCallback(OnPlaceholder1Changed)));
public static void OnPlaceholder1Changed(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
TextBox txt = d as TextBox;
if (txt == null || e.NewValue.ToString().Trim().Length == 0) return;
RoutedEventHandler loadHandler = null;
loadHandler = (s1, e1) =>
{
txt.Loaded -= loadHandler;
if (txt.Text.Length == 0)
{
txt.Text = e.NewValue.ToString();
txt.FontStyle = FontStyles.Italic;
txt.Foreground = Brushes.Gray;
}
};
txt.Loaded += loadHandler;
txt.GotFocus += (s1, e1) =>
{
if (txt.Text == e.NewValue.ToString())
{
txt.Clear();
txt.FontStyle = FontStyles.Normal;
txt.Foreground = SystemColors.WindowTextBrush;
}
};
txt.LostFocus += (s1, e1) =>
{
if (txt.Text.Length == 0)
{
txt.Text = e.NewValue.ToString();
txt.FontStyle = FontStyles.Italic;
txt.Foreground = Brushes.Gray;
}
};
}
基本存在以下几个问题:
txt.GotFocus += (s1, e1) =>
{
if (txt.Text == e.NewValue.ToString()
&& txt.FontStyle == FontStyles.Italic
&& txt.Foreground == Brushes.Gray)
{
txt.Clear();
txt.FontStyle = FontStyles.Normal;
txt.Foreground = SystemColors.WindowTextBrush;
}
};
上面实现方式所带来的弊端,可以使用装饰器解决。
首先定义一个装饰器,它可能是这样:
public class PlaceholderAdorner1 : Adorner
{
string _placeholder;
public PlaceholderAdorner1(UIElement ele, string placeholder)
: base(ele)
{
_placeholder = placeholder;
}
protected override void OnRender(DrawingContext drawingContext)
{
TextBox txt = this.AdornedElement as TextBox;
if (txt == null || !txt.IsVisible || string.IsNullOrEmpty(_placeholder)) return;
this.IsHitTestVisible = false;
drawingContext.DrawText(
new FormattedText
(
_placeholder,
CultureInfo.CurrentCulture,
txt.FlowDirection,
new Typeface(txt.FontFamily, FontStyles.Italic, txt.FontWeight, txt.FontStretch),
txt.FontSize,
Brushes.Gray
),
new Point(4, 2));
}
}
思路很简单,记录下这个占位符,然后给TextBox指定位置画出来。
这时候,附加属性可能是这样:
public static string GetPlaceholder2(DependencyObject obj)
{
return (string)obj.GetValue(Placeholder2Property);
}
public static void SetPlaceholder2(DependencyObject obj, string value)
{
obj.SetValue(Placeholder2Property, value);
}
public static readonly DependencyProperty Placeholder2Property =
DependencyProperty.RegisterAttached("Placeholder2", typeof(string), typeof(TextBoxHelper),
new UIPropertyMetadata(string.Empty, new PropertyChangedCallback(OnPlaceholder2Changed)));
public static void OnPlaceholder2Changed(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)
{
TextBox txt = d as TextBox;
if (txt == null || e.NewValue.ToString().Trim().Length == 0) return;
RoutedEventHandler loadHandler = null;
loadHandler = (s1, e1) =>
{
txt.Loaded -= loadHandler;
var lay = AdornerLayer.GetAdornerLayer(txt);
if (lay == null) return;
Adorner[] ar = lay.GetAdorners(txt);
if (ar != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < ar.Length; i++)
{
if (ar[i] is PlaceholderAdorner1)
{
lay.Remove(ar[i]);
}
}
}
if (txt.Text.Length == 0)
lay.Add(new PlaceholderAdorner1(txt, e.NewValue.ToString()));
};
txt.Loaded += loadHandler;
txt.TextChanged += (s1, e1) =>
{
bool isShow = txt.Text.Length == 0;
var lay = AdornerLayer.GetAdornerLayer(txt);
if (lay == null) return;
if (isShow)
{
lay.Add(new PlaceholderAdorner1(txt, e.NewValue.ToString()));
}
else
{
Adorner[] ar = lay.GetAdorners(txt);
if (ar != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < ar.Length; i++)
{
if (ar[i] is PlaceholderAdorner1)
{
lay.Remove(ar[i]);
}
}
}
}
};
}
可以看到,附加属性只是对于装饰器的删除和添加,别无其他。
运行看看效果,都还不错,第一种实现所出现的问题也都能解决,但是随即发现一个问题:
针对上述的问题,首先分析问题原因,首先知道OnRender方法是在UIElement中定义,看方法的注释中,意思似乎是只在布局改变时才调用,从OnRender方面下手几乎不可能。
回想WinForm出现此类情况的解决方案,无非是调用Invalidate之类的,但是存在一个时机的问题。
如果当TextBox的Visibility改变时,能获取通知,上述问题就可以解决,而且直接可以删除改装饰器。
鉴于WPF中的触发器能得到某个属性改变的通知,那么我们自己肯定也能得到。
public PlaceholderAdorner1(UIElement ele, string placeholder)
: base(ele)
{
_placeholder = placeholder;
var dpd = DependencyPropertyDescriptor.FromProperty(UIElement.VisibilityProperty, typeof(UIElement));
dpd.AddValueChanged(ele, new EventHandler((s1, e1) =>
{
this.InvalidateVisual();
}));
}
测试发现,上述问题确实已经解决。
当然,除了可以在装饰器中重绘一次,还可以直接在属性改变时直接删除该装饰器。
var dpd = DependencyPropertyDescriptor.FromProperty(UIElement.VisibilityProperty, typeof(UIElement));
dpd.AddValueChanged(txt, new EventHandler((s1, e1) =>
{
bool isShow = txt.Text.Length == 0 && txt.Visibility == Visibility.Visible;
var lay = AdornerLayer.GetAdornerLayer(txt);
if (lay == null) return;
if (isShow)
{
lay.Add(new PlaceholderAdorner1(txt, e.NewValue.ToString()));
}
else
{
Adorner[] ar = lay.GetAdorners(txt);
if (ar != null)
{
for (int i = 0; i < ar.Length; i++)
{
if (ar[i] is PlaceholderAdorner1)
{
lay.Remove(ar[i]);
}
}
}
}
}));
这段代码当然直接可以写在OnPlaceholder2Changed事件处理函数中。
由于某次手动生成触发器的时候,发现注册属性改变通知和触发器还是有一定的不同的(具体问题有时间再提)。
所以对于这种实现方式总是心有余悸。
所幸装饰器除了使用OnRender方法,还有别的实现方式。
public class PlaceholderAdorner2 : Adorner
{
private VisualCollection _visCollec;
private TextBlock _tb;
private TextBox _txt;
public PlaceholderAdorner2(UIElement ele, string placeholder)
: base(ele)
{
_txt = ele as TextBox;
if (_txt == null) return;
Binding bd = new Binding("IsVisible");
bd.Source = _txt;
bd.Mode = BindingMode.OneWay;
bd.Converter = new BoolToVisibilityConverter();
this.SetBinding(TextBox.VisibilityProperty, bd);
_visCollec = new VisualCollection(this);
_tb = new TextBlock();
_tb.Style = null;
_tb.FontSize = _txt.FontSize;
_tb.FontFamily = _txt.FontFamily;
_tb.FontWeight = _txt.FontWeight;
_tb.FontStretch = _txt.FontStretch;
_tb.FontStyle = FontStyles.Italic;
_tb.Foreground = Brushes.Gray;
_tb.Text = placeholder;
_tb.IsHitTestVisible = false;
_visCollec.Add(_tb);
}
protected override int VisualChildrenCount
{
get
{
return _visCollec.Count;
}
}
protected override Size ArrangeOverride(Size finalSize)
{
_tb.Arrange(new Rect(new Point(4, 2), finalSize));
return finalSize;
}
protected override Visual GetVisualChild(int index)
{
return _visCollec[index];
}
}
代码不难理解,就是给TextBox上面又放了一个TextBlock,并且把TextBlock的Visibility属性和TextBox的Visibility属性绑定。
最后附上文中demo下载:http://files.cnblogs.com/nanqi/NanQi.Controls.Placeholder.zip
end.