K8S---YAML文件编写

K8S—YAML文件编写

一.YAML的介绍

1.Kubernetes支持YAML和JSON格式创建资源对象

2.JSON格式用于接口之间消息的传递

3.YAML格式用于配置和管理

4.YAML是一种简洁的非标记性语言

5.语法格式：

缩进标识层级关系

不支持制表符缩进，使用空格缩进

通常开头缩进两个空格

字符后缩进一个空格，如冒号，逗号等

“—”表示YAML格式，一个文件的开始

“#”表示注释

二.YAML文件详解

1.查看api版本

[root@localhost k8s]# kubectl api-versions
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
apps/v1			//应用服务
apps/v1beta1		//测试版本
apps/v1beta2
authentication.k8s.io/v1
authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1
authorization.k8s.io/v1
authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
autoscaling/v1		//弹性伸缩
autoscaling/v2beta1
autoscaling/v2beta2
batch/v1
batch/v1beta1
certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1
coordination.k8s.io/v1beta1
events.k8s.io/v1beta1
extensions/v1beta1
networking.k8s.io/v1
policy/v1beta1
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1		//权限控制
rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
scheduling.k8s.io/v1beta1
storage.k8s.io/v1
storage.k8s.io/v1beta1
v1

2.自行编写nginx的yaml文件（手动）

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir demo
[root@localhost ~]# cd demo/
[root@localhost demo]# vim nginx-deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1		//api版本
kind: Deployment		//指定类型，deployment表示控制器
metadata:		//定义资源属性
  name: nginx-deployment	//资源名称
  labels:		//资源标签
    app: nginx
spec:		//资源内容
  replicas: 3		//副本
  selector:		//选择器
    matchLabels:		//匹配标签
      app: nginx		//匹配模板名称
  template:		//从这开始往下，是pod的资源管理
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx
    spec:		//定义容器模板
      containers:		//信息

      - name: nginx		//容器名
        image: nginx:1.15.4		//容器使用镜像和版本
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80		//对外端口

3.使用yaml文件创建资源，并查看

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl create -f nginx-deployment.yaml
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created
[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get pods
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nginx-7697996758-ksqr7            1/1     Running   0          40m
nginx-7697996758-s52gb            1/1     Running   0          40m
nginx-7697996758-v9qzw            1/1     Running   0          40m
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-99qxf   1/1     Running   0          58s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-bz76x   1/1     Running   0          58s
nginx-deployment-d55b94fd-tk27h   1/1     Running   0          58s

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get deploy
NAME               DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx              3         3         3            3           43m
nginx-deployment   3         3         3            3           4m12s

//下三个是刚创建的

4.创建service的yaml文件（手动）

[root@localhost demo]# vim nginx-service.yaml

apiVersion: v1		//版本
kind: Service		//类型  
metadata:		//元数据		
  name: nginx-service		//service名称
  labels:		//标签属性
    app: nginx  
spec:		//详情
  type: NodePort		//service的类型默认为ClusterIP
  ports:		//端口

  - port: 80		//内部端口
    targetPort: 80		//需转发的端口  
    selector:		//选择器
    app: nginx		//pod资源名称

5.使用yaml文件创建service

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl create -f nginx-service.yaml
service/nginx-service created
[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get svc
NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)        AGE
kubernetes      ClusterIP   10.0.0.1             443/TCP        4d22h
nginx-service   NodePort    10.0.0.83            80:47336/TCP   30s

//访问查看

6.自动测试命令的正确性，并不执行创建（自动）

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
deployment.apps/nginx-deployment created (dry run)		//此时，此命令可被执行

7.查看yaml文件格式

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    run: nginx-deployment
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx-deployment
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx-deployment
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources: {}
status: {}

8.查看生成json格式

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o json
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
{
    "kind": "Deployment",
    "apiVersion": "apps/v1beta1",
    "metadata": {
        "name": "nginx-deployment",
        "creationTimestamp": null,
        "labels": {
            "run": "nginx-deployment"
        }
    },
    "spec": {
        "replicas": 3,
        "selector": {
            "matchLabels": {
                "run": "nginx-deployment"
            }
        },
        "template": {
            "metadata": {
                "creationTimestamp": null,
                "labels": {
                    "run": "nginx-deployment"
                }
            },
            "spec": {
                "containers": [
                    {
                        "name": "nginx-deployment",
                        "image": "nginx",
                        "ports": [
                            {
                                "containerPort": 80
                            }
                        ],
                        "resources": {}
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        "strategy": {}
    },
    "status": {}
}

9.把yaml文件格式导出，进行修改即可

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl run nginx-deployment --image=nginx --port=80 --replicas=3 --dry-run -o yaml > my-deployment.yaml
kubectl run --generator=deployment/apps.v1beta1 is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl create instead.
[root@localhost demo]# ls
my-deployment.yaml  nginx-deployment.yaml  nginx-service.yaml
[root@localhost demo]# vim my-deployment.yaml 

apiVersion: apps/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    run: nginx-deployment
  name: nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx-deployment
  strategy: {}
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginx-deployment
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx
        name: nginx-deployment
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        resources: {}
status: {}

10.将现有的资源生成yaml，并导出

//将现有的资源生成模板导出

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get deploy/nginx
NAME    DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
nginx   3         3         3            3           68m
[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get deploy/nginx --export -o yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  annotations:
    deployment.kubernetes.io/revision: "1"
  creationTimestamp: null
  generation: 1
  labels:
    run: nginx
  name: nginx
  selfLink: /apis/extensions/v1beta1/namespaces/default/deployments/nginx
spec:
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  replicas: 3
  revisionHistoryLimit: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      run: nginx
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 25%
      maxUnavailable: 25%
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      creationTimestamp: null
      labels:
        run: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: nginx:latest
        imagePullPolicy: Always
        name: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          protocol: TCP
        resources: {}
        terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
        terminationMessagePolicy: File
            dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
            restartPolicy: Always
            schedulerName: default-scheduler
            securityContext: {}
            terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
status: {}

//保存到文件中

[root@localhost demo]# kubectl get deploy/nginx --export -o yaml > my-deploy.yaml
[root@localhost demo]# ls
my-deployment.yaml  my-deploy.yaml  nginx-deployment.yaml  nginx-service.yaml

//查看字段帮助信息
[root@localhost demo]# kubectl explain pods.spec.containers