JAVA安全加解密API

java中对于加密的支持api都在java.securityjavax.crypto包下,主要用到的类有:

Cipher

主要用于加密行为,如进行AES/DES/RSA等加密行为

初始化对象static Cipher getInstance(String transformation)

transformation的组成可以概括为algorithm/mode/padding,algorithm用于指定加密的方式,mode用于指定特定加密方式的变换模式,padding是字节填充规则。modepadding可以不写,可用的transformation组合有:

//括号数值为所需秘钥的长度
AES/CBC/NoPadding (128)
AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding (128)
AES/ECB/NoPadding (128)
AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding (128)
DES/CBC/NoPadding (56)
DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding (56)
DES/ECB/NoPadding (56)
DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding (56)
DESede/CBC/NoPadding (168)
DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding (168)
DESede/ECB/NoPadding (168)
DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding (168)
RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding (1024, 2048)
RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-1AndMGF1Padding (1024, 2048)
RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding (1024, 2048)

初始化参数void init(int opmode, Key key)

opmode用于指定该对象是要进行加密还是解密,key是加密所用的秘钥信息。

加密方法byte[] doFinal(byte[] input)

cipher.doFinal(byte[] input)等同于cipher.update(byte[] input); cipher.doFinal();

示例代码:

1、AES加解密

@org.junit.Test
public void testCipherAES() throws Exception {
    //指定使用AES加密
    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
    //使用KeyGenerator生成key,参数与获取cipher对象的algorithm必须相同
    KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("AES");
    //指定生成的密钥长度为128
    keyGenerator.init(128);
    Key key = keyGenerator.generateKey();
    cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
    byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal("helloworld".getBytes());
    System.out.println("AES加密: " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes));

    //由于AES加密在CBC模式下是需要有一个初始向量数组byte[] initializeVector ,
    // 而解密的时候也需要同样的初始向量,因此需要使用加密时的参数初始化解密的cipher,否则会出错
    byte[] initializeVector = cipher.getIV();
    IvParameterSpec ivParameterSpec = new IvParameterSpec(initializeVector);
    cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, ivParameterSpec);
    //上面三步操作可以用此操作代替   cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, cipher.getParameters());
    bytes = cipher.doFinal(bytes);
    System.out.println("AES解密: " + new String(bytes));
}


//输出
AES加密: pRy4ZbW7qgZ33iWBJ60BDA==
AES加密: helloworld

2、DES加解密

@org.junit.Test
public void testCipherDES() throws Exception {
    //指定使用DES加密
    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DES");
    //使用KeyGenerator生成key,参数与获取cipher对象的algorithm必须相同
    KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance("DES");
    //DES的秘钥长度必须是56位
    keyGenerator.init(56);
    Key key = keyGenerator.generateKey();
    cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
    byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal("helloworld".getBytes());
    System.out.println("DES加密: " + Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes));
    //与AES不同,由于DES并不需要初始向量,因此解密的时候不需要第三个参数
    cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
    bytes = cipher.doFinal(bytes);
    System.out.println("DES解密: " + new String(bytes));
}

//输出
DES加密: XoG4lEjZN4VBlZYTXjw6BQ==
DES解密: helloworld

3、RSA加解密

@org.junit.Test
public void testCipherRSA() throws Exception {
    //获取cipher对象
    Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
    //通过KeyPairGenerator来生成公钥和私钥
    KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
    keyPairGenerator.initialize(1024);
    KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair();

    PublicKey publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();//公钥
    PrivateKey privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();//私钥

    /*加密*/
    cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
    byte[] bytes = cipher.doFinal(TEXT.getBytes());
    final String encryptText = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(bytes);
    System.out.println("RSA公钥加密:" + encryptText);

    /*解密*/
    cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
    bytes = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(encryptText));
    System.out.println("RSA解密:" + new String(bytes));
}

//输出
RSA公钥加密:bKbbpARpcHcCqcMdGmA/WzvyO2G3eXFJhmrK5F0yFlJsoGohg4XIq5egNc1eBQwP7BRD6m7c12byB/KpYNgWg7J5Y3kupWBahZyhJ7SWWF0YY9CrdWf55zQ/CPyn+KlWQg1ViBnIBnejABFuqjDgBmZ3Q3txT1tD4MIpGPCE+NY=
RSA私钥解密:helloworld

 

 

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