嵌入式数据库之Sqlite3

嵌入式数据库之Sqlite3

[1] 数据库

1.数据库的安装
1–本地安装

sudo dpkg -i  *.deb

2–在线安装

sudo apt-get install sqlite3

2. 数据库命令
1)系统命令 , 都以’.'开头

  .help 帮助
  .exit 退出
  .quit 退出
  .table   查看表
  .schema  查看表的结构

_ 2)sql语句, 不以‘.’开头,但都以‘;’结尾_
1-- 创建一张表格stuinfo(字段名称 字段类型、字段名称 字段类型…)

 create table stuinfo(id integer, name text, age integer, score float);

== 2-- 插入一条记录==

insert into stuinfo values(1001, 'zhangsan', 18, 80);
insert into stuinfo (id, name, score) values(1002, 'lisi', 90);插入指定(部分)的字段

3-- 查看数据库记录

 select * from stuinfo;
select * from stuinfo where score = 80;
 select * from stuinfo where score = 80 and name= 'zhangsan';
 select * from stuinfo where score = 80 or name='wangwu';
 select name,score from stuinfo;  查询指定(部分)的字段
 select * from stuinfo where score >= 85 and score < 90;

4-- 删除一条记录

delete from stuinfo where id=1003 and name='zhangsan';

5-- 更新一条记录

 update stuinfo set age=20 where id=1003;
 update stuinfo set age=30, score = 82 where id=1003;

6-- 删除一张表

drop table stuinfo;

== 7-- 增加一列==

alter table stuinfo add column sex char;

== 8-- 删除一列==

第一步:创建一张新的表
     create table stu as select id, name, score from stuinfo;
第二步:删除原有的表
     drop table stuinfo;
第三步:将新的表名字改成原有的旧表的名字
     alter table stu rename to stuinfo;

== 数据库设置主键:==

 create table info(id integer primary key autoincrement, name vchar);

[2]sqlite3 数据库 C语言 API

功能:打开数据库
参数:filename 数据库路径名称
ppdb 代表的是数据库的操作句柄(指针)
返回值:成功为 SQLITE_OK ,出错返回错误码

int sqlite3_open(
const char *filename,   /* Database filename (UTF-8) */
sqlite3 **ppDb          /* OUT: SQLite db handle */
     );

功能:关闭数据库
参数:db 操作数据库的指针
返回值:成功为 SQLITE_OK ,出错返回错误码

 int sqlite3_close(sqlite3* db);

功能:通过db 操作数据库的指针
返回值:错误信息的首地址

const char *sqlite3_errmsg(sqlite3*db);

功能:执行一条sql语句
参数:db 数据库操作句柄
sql 一条sql语句
callback 回调函数,只有sql为查询语句时,才执行此语句
arg 为回调函数传递参数
errmsg 错误消息
返回值:成功 SQLITE_OK

 int sqlite3_exec(
   sqlite3* db,                                  /* An open database */
  const char *sql,                           /* SQL to be evaluated */
  int (*callback)(void* arg,int,char**,char**),  /* Callback function */
  void * arg,                                    /* 1st argument to callback */
  char **errmsg                              /* Error msg written here */
  );

查询回调函数:
功能:查询语句执行之后,会回调此函数
参数:arg 接收sqlite3_exec 传递来的参数
ncolumns 列数
f_value 列的值得地址
f_name 列的名称
返回值:0,

int (*callback)(void* arg,int ncolumns ,char** f_value,char** f_name),  /* Callback function */

查询(不使用回调函数执行SQL语句)

int sqlite3_get_table(
  sqlite3 *db,          /* An open database */
  const char *zSql,     /* SQL to be evaluated */
  char ***pazResult,    /* Results of the query */
  int *pnRow,           /* Number of result rows written here */
  int *pnColumn,        /* Number of result columns written here */
  char **pzErrmsg       /* Error msg written here */
);
void sqlite3_free_table(char **result);

[3]用C语言实现数据库

#include 
#include 
#include 
#include 

#define  DATABASE  "student.db"
#define  N  128
//往数据库输入数据
int do_insert(sqlite3 *db)
{
	int id;
	char name[32] = {};
	char sex;
	int score;
	char sql[N] = {};
	char *errmsg;

	printf("Input id:");
	scanf("%d", &id);

	printf("Input name:");
	scanf("%s", name);
	getchar();

	printf("Input sex:");
	scanf("%c", &sex);

	printf("Input score:");
	scanf("%d", &score);

	sprintf(sql, "insert into stu values(%d, '%s', '%c', %d)", id, name, sex, score);

	if(sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK)
	{
		printf("%s\n", errmsg);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("Insert done.\n");
	}

	return 0;
}
//删除数据库对应id的数据
int do_delete(sqlite3 *db)
{
	int id;
	char sql[N] = {};
	char *errmsg;

	printf("Input id:");
	scanf("%d", &id);

	sprintf(sql, "delete from stu where id = %d", id);

	if(sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK)
	{
		printf("%s\n", errmsg);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("Delete done.\n");
	}

	return 0;
}
//更改对应数据库对应id数据
int do_update(sqlite3 *db)
{
	int id;
	char sql[N] = {};
	char name[32] = "zhangsan";
	char *errmsg;

	printf("Input id:");
	scanf("%d", &id);

	sprintf(sql, "update stu set name='%s' where id=%d", name,id);

	if(sqlite3_exec(db, sql, NULL, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK)
	{
		printf("%s\n", errmsg);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("update done.\n");
	}

	return 0;
}

//查询回调函数
int callback(void *arg, int f_num, char ** f_value, char ** f_name)
{
	int i = 0;

	for(i = 0; i < f_num; i++)
	{
	//	printf("%-8s %s", f_value[i], f_name[i]);
		printf("%-8s", f_value[i]);
	}

	printf("++++++++++++++++++++++");
	putchar(10);

	return 0;
}
//查询数据库
int do_query(sqlite3 *db)
{
	char *errmsg;
	char sql[N] = "select count(*) from stu where name='zhangsan';";

	if(sqlite3_exec(db, sql, callback,NULL , &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK)
	{
		printf("%s", errmsg);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("select done.\n");
	}
}
//查询数据库,但不是用sql命令
int do_query1(sqlite3 *db)
{
	char *errmsg;
	char ** resultp;
	int nrow;
	int ncolumn;

	if(sqlite3_get_table(db, "select * from stu", &resultp, &nrow, &ncolumn, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK)
	{
		printf("%s\n", errmsg);
		return -1;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("query done.\n");
	}

	int i = 0;
	int j = 0;
	int index = ncolumn;

	for(j = 0; j < ncolumn; j++)
	{
		printf("%-10s ", resultp[j]);
	}
	putchar(10);

	for(i = 0; i < nrow; i++)
	{
		for(j = 0; j < ncolumn; j++)
		{
			printf("%-10s ", resultp[index++]);
		}
		putchar(10);
	}

return 0;
}

int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	sqlite3 *db;
	char *errmsg;
	int n;
	
	if(sqlite3_open(DATABASE, &db) != SQLITE_OK)
	{
		printf("%s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(db));
		return -1;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("open DATABASE success.\n");
	}

	if(sqlite3_exec(db, "create table if not exists stu(id int, name char , sex char , score int);",
				NULL, NULL, &errmsg) != SQLITE_OK)
	{
		printf("%s\n", errmsg);
	}
	else
	{
		printf("Create or open table success.\n");
	}

	while(1)
	{
		printf("********************************************\n");
		printf("1: insert  2:query  3:delete 4:update 5:quit\n");
		printf("********************************************\n");
		printf("Please select:");
		scanf("%d", &n);

		switch(n)
		{
			case 1:
				do_insert(db);
				break;
			case 2:
				do_query(db);
			//	do_query1(db);
				break;
			case 3:
				do_delete(db);
				break;
			case 4:
				do_update(db);
				break;
			case 5:
				printf("main exit.\n");
				sqlite3_close(db);
				exit(0);
				break;
			default :
				printf("Invalid data n.\n");
		}

	}




	return 0;
}

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