Linux CentOS7纯命令安装Oracle11g

1.操作系统

[root@lucky ~]# uname -m
x86_64
[root@lucky ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.7.1908 (Core)

2.安装前的准备
2.1./etc/hosts文件中添加主机名

[root@lucky ~]# cat /etc/hosts
::1	localhost localhost.localdomain	localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
127.0.0.1	localhost localhost.localdomain	localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
172.16.97.103	lucky
127.0.0.1	lucky

2.2 关闭selinux

vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
SELINUXTYPE=targeted

2.3 关闭防火墙

[root@lucky~]# service iptables stop
[root@lucky~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@lucky~]# systemctl disable firewalld

2.4 用yum进行安装

yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static glibc glibc-common glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel kernelheaders pdksh pcre-devel readline rlwrap

2.5 创建用户、组

groupadd oinstall && groupadd dba && useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
echo "123456" | passwd --stdin oracle && id oracle　

2.6 上传软件包

[root@lucky oracle]# cd /home/oracle
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

2.7 修改内核参数

vim /etc/sysctl.conf

#添加以下内容
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 1073741824
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
 
#使内核新配置生效
sysctl -p

2.8 修改用户限制

vim /etc/security/limits.conf
 
#添加以下内容
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240

2.9 修改/etc/pam.d/login 文件

vim /etc/pam.d/login
 
#添加以下内容
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so　

2.10 修改/etc/profile 文件

vim /etc/profile
 
#添加以下内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi　

2.11 检查swap空间是否足够

[root@lucky oracle]# free -m
              total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:           3789         206         190         908        3392        2414
Swap:          1959           0        1959
#我的是分配了2G，不够的使用以下命令分配
dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapadd bs=1024 count=2006424
mkswap /swapfile
swapon /swapfile
#编辑这个文件，增加以下内容
vim /etc/fstab
/swapfile    swap    swap    default   0 0

3. ORACLE 安装

3.1 创建安装包文件存放目录

mkdir -p /data/u01/software
cd /home/oracle
mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_* /data/u01/software/ && cd /data/u01/software

3.2 解压安装包文件

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip && unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

3.3 创建目录

mkdir -p /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
mkdir /data/u01/app/oracle/{oradata,inventory,fast_recovery_area}
chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /data/u01/app/oracle　

3.4 设置 oracle 用户环境变量

su - oracle
vim .bash_profile

#添加以下内容
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=$ORACLE_SID
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8
 
#生效
source .bash_profile

3.5 编辑静默安装响应文件

cp -R /data/u01/software/database/response/ . && cd response/
vim db_install.rsp
 
#设置以下内容
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=自己的主机名
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/data/u01/app/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
ORACLE_BASE=/data/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

3.6 安装

cd /data/u01/software/database/
./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/db_install.rsp -ignorePrereq
#当安装界面出现如下信息的时候  打开另一个终端窗口,用root连接
The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
Please check '/home/oracle/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2016-02-04_09-21-13AM.log' for more details.
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
 1. /home/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
 2. /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Successfully Setup Software.

3.7 打开终端，以 root 身份登录，执行脚本

su - root
source .bash_profile
sh /data/u01/app/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh

3.8 查看监听响应文件配置信息

egrep -v "(^#|^$)" /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

#以静默方式配置监听
su - oracle
source .bash_profile
netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/response/netca.rsp

3.9 用Oracle用户启动

su - oracle
lsnrctl start
netstat -tunlp|grep 1521
 
#查看监听状态
lsnrctl status
 
#查看监听器配置文件 listener.ora
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

3.10 配置以静默方式建立新库，和实例 的响应文件

vim /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp
 
设置以下参数
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
SYSPASSWORD = "SYS 用户密码"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "SYSTEM 用户密码"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "sysman"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "dbsnmp"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/data/u01/app/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/data/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
TOTALMEMORY = "6144"

3.11 查看建库响应文件配置信息

root@oracle ~]# egrep -v "(^#|^$)" /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp

3.12 启用配置，以静默方式建立新库，和实例

dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/response/dbca.rsp　

#查看监听器配置文件 listener.ora
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora

# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lucky)(PORT = 1521))
    )
  )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /data/u01/app/oracle

#查看监听服务名配置文件 tnsnames.ora
cat $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora　
　
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File:/data/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = lucky)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

3.13 检查实例后台进程

ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
 
#查看 ORACLE_UNQNAME 环境变量
env|grep ORACLE_UNQNAME　　
lsnrctl stop
以 sysdba 身份登录
sqlplus / as sysdba　

启动 oralce 数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup
SQL> exit

lsnrctl start
lsnrctl status

3.14创建用户

[oracle@oracal ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> conn / as sysdba;
SQL> alter user lucky identified by 123456;
SQL> alter user lucky account unlock;
SQL> conn lucky/123456;

PS：如果本地客户端连接提示ora12170或者提示监听有误，去开启下服务器1521端口