SpringBoot学习笔记五：springBoot的单元测试以及全局异常处理

1. SpringBoot学习笔记五：springBoot的单元测试

1.1. Eclipse创建Maven工程步骤：

1. Eclipse关联Maven安装包，并配置Maven安装包的setting.xml
2. 创建Maven工程：填写Group Id:域名+公司名，填写artifact Id:项目名，这两个是用于项目坐标定位的。
3. 创建resource资源文件，在工程的src下添加resource文件，项目名–》右键–》properties–>source–>add File–>添加新建的resource为全局资源文件。
4. 教程

1.2. 添加依赖

1. springBoot依赖

<properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8java.version>
properties>
<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
    <version>2.2.2.RELEASEversion>
parent>

<dependencies>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junitgroupId>
        <artifactId>junitartifactId>
        <version>4.12version>
        <scope>testscope>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
    dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
        <artifactId>lombokartifactId>
        <optional>trueoptional>
    dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
        <scope>testscope>
    dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>commons-logginggroupId>
        <artifactId>commons-loggingartifactId>
        <version>1.2version>
    dependency>

dependencies>
<build>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
        plugin>
    plugins>
build>

2. 添加单元测试

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)//底层调用junit SpringJunit4ClassRunner
@SpringBootTest(classes = {XdClassApplication.class})//启动整个springBoot工程
public class SpringBootTestDemo {
    @Test
    public void testOne() {
        System.out.println("hello!");
        TestCase.assertEquals(1, 1);//断言
    }
    @Test
    public void testTwo() {
        System.out.println("two");
    }
    @Before
    public void testBefore() {
        System.out.println("before");
    }
    @After
    public void testAfter() {
        System.out.println("after");
    }
}

3. 测试结果

before
hello!
after
before
two
after

1.3. springBoot的高级测试

1.3.1. 测试MVC接口

1. @AutoConfigureMockMvc//自动帮我们配置mvc

@Autowired
	private MockMvc mocMvc;//类似一个客户端

2. perform:执行一个RequestBuilder请求，andException:添加ResultMatcher—>MockMvcResultMatchers验证规则，andReturn:最后返回相应的MvcResult–>Response

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = {XdClassApplication.class})
@AutoConfigureMockMvc//自动帮我们配置mvc
public class MockMvcTestDemo {
    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mocMvc;//类似一个客户端

    @Test
    public void apiTest()throws Exception{
        //perform模拟MockMvcRequestBuilers是构建一个请求，get请求，链式调用
        MvcResult andReturn = mocMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/test/home"))
            .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()).andReturn();
        int status = andReturn.getResponse().getStatus();
        System.out.println(status);
    }	
}

1.4. SpringBoot的个性化启动

1.4.1. 自定义banner

1. 在资源文件里面定义一个txt文件，然后在properties文件里面指定该文件。

1.4.2. 打包生成更详细信息

1. java -jar xxxx.jar --debug

1.5. SpringBoot的异常处理

1. 针对项目中的空指针异常，数组越界异常，除以0异常，等进行处理

1.5.1. 全局异常处理

1. 自定义一个异常处理类，使用注解@RestControllerAdvice（请求建议）
2. @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)表明是全局异常Exception（所有的异常）

@RestControllerAdvice
public class CustomExHandler {
    private static final Logger LOG=LoggerFactory.getLogger(CustomExHandler.class);
    //捕获全局异常，处理所有不可知异常

    @ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)
    Object handleException(Exception e,HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) {
        LOG.error("url:{},msg:{}",httpServletRequest.getRequestURL(),e.getMessage());
        Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code",100);
        map.put("msg",e.getMessage());
        map.put("url",httpServletRequest.getRequestURL());
        return map;
    }
}

1.5.2. 自定义异常和页面跳转

1. 引入thymeleaf进行页面渲染

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleafartifactId>
dependency>

2. 自定义异常类

public class MyException extends RuntimeException {
    private String code;
    private String msg;

    public MyException(String code,String msg) {
        this.code=code;
        this.msg=msg;
    }

    public String getCode() {
        return code;
    }

    public void setCode(String code) {
        this.code = code;
    }

    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }

    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }

}

3. 模拟异常

@RequestMapping("/api/v1/myext")
public Object myext() {
    throw new MyException("500", "my ext异常");
}

4. 异常处理

//跳转页面
@ExceptionHandler(value = MyException.class)
Object handleMyException(MyException e) {
    ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView();
    modelAndView.setViewName("error.html");
    modelAndView.addObject("msg",e.getMessage());
    return modelAndView;
}

//生成json
@ExceptionHandler(value = MyException.class)
Object handleMyException(MyException e,HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) {
    Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>();
    map.put("code",e.getCode());
    map.put("msg",e.getMessage());
    map.put("url",httpServletRequest.getRequestURL());
    return map;
}