Tengine+Lua+GraphicsMagick实现图片的自动裁剪缩放

目的：根据请求指定尺寸的图片自动生成相应的缩略图片

eg:https://gma.alicdn.com/bao/uploaded/i4/47838996/O1CN01MvnLA62GKDWbMykB4_!!0-saturn_solar.jpg_500x500.jpg_.webp

eg:https://gma.alicdn.com/bao/uploaded/i4/47838996/O1CN01MvnLA62GKDWbMykB4_!!0-saturn_solar.jpg_300x300.jpg_.webp

根据请求中尺寸的大小生成图片！！!

软件介绍

■ Tenqine

• 淘宝的Nginx ,并集成了Lua模块
• 负责展示图片和调度Lua脚本

■ Lua

• 脚本语言，嵌入到应用程序中，提供炅活的扩展
  和定制功能
• Tengine通过Lua实现对GM操作
• 控制裁剪、缩放规格

■ GraphicsMagick

• 强大的图片处理工具，没有UI的PS ,动态的生成
  图片，特别适用于互联网的应用
• 负责图片的处理

---

软件列表

♦ Tengine

• 安装包 ： tengine-master.zip
• https://github.com/alibaba/tengine

♦ Lua

• 安装包 ： lua-5.3.1.tar.gz、 LuaJIT-2.0Atar_gz ( Lua依赖包 ）

♦ GraphicsMagick

• 安装包 ： GraphicsMagick-1.3.18.tar.gz

♦ 依赖包和类库，可yum安装

• libjpeg、 libjpeg-devel
• libpng、 libpng-devel
• giflib、 giflib-devel
• freetype, freetype-devel

---

安装

环境：CentOS 6.4 64位
准备：对应tar包、文件传至服务器 /usr/local/soft
解压所有tar包

1、Lua

• 安装依赖（readline &redline-devel yum安装）

     yum install readline 
     yum instabll readline-devel
  

• 安装Lua(源码编译安装)

    cd lua-5.3.1
    
    安装时指定操作系统
    make linux
    
    make install
    erro 出现文件存在，删除文件
  

• 安装LuaJIT(源码编译安装)

   cd ../LuaJIT-2.0.4
   make 
   make install
  

• 查看版本验证安装成功

  lua -v
  

2、Tengine

• 进入源码目录里，使用configure配置安装路径以及需要安装的模块
• 安装Tengine

    cd tengine-master
    
    configure 安装
    ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Tengine --dso-path=/usr/local/Tengine/modules --with-http_realip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_concat_module --with-http_lua_module  --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/proxy_temp --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/fastcgi_temp --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/uwsgi_temp --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/cgi_temp --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/Tengine/client_body_temp --http-log-path=/var/log/Tengine/access.log --error-log-path=/var/log/Tengine/error.log  
    
    make
    make install
    启动测试
    /usr/local/Tengine/sbine/nginx
    浏览器访问地址  出现welcome 
  

   错误1（安装错误）
  ./configure: error: SSL modules require the OpenSSL library.You can either do not enable the modules, or install the OpenSSL libraryinto the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the sourcewith nginx by using --with-openssl= option.
  解决办法 安装openssl
  yum -y install openssl openssl-devel
  
  错误2（安装错误）
  ./configure:Permission denied
  解决办法 给权限
  chmod 777 configure
  
  错误3(启动错误)
  /usr/local/Tengine/sbin/nginx: error while loading shared libraries: libluajit-5.1.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
  解决办法 软链接
  ln -s /usr/local/lib/libluajit-5.1.so.2 /lib64/libluajit-5.1.so.2
  
  错误4（启动错误）
  nginx: [emerg] mkdir() "/var/tmp/Tengine/client_body_temp" failed (2: No such file or directory)
  解决办法 创建文件夹
  mkdir -p /var/tmp/Tengine/client_body_temp
  

3、GraphicsMagick

• 安装依赖
  libjpeg & libjep-devel
  libpng & libpng-devel
  giflib & girlib-devel
  freetype & freetype-devel

  yum install libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel giflib giflib-devel freetype freetype-devel -y
  

• 进入源码目录，使用configure配置安装路径以及需要安装的模块
• 安装GM

   cd ../GraphicsMagick-1.3.18
   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/GraphicsMagick --enable-shared
   make
   make install
   验证
   /usr/local/GraphicsMagick/bin/gm version
  

---

配置

1、Lua脚本文件（ImageResizer.lua）

• 位置 : /usr/local/Tengine/lua/ImaageResizer.lua

• 权限：可执行

  配置过程

    mkdir -p /usr/local/Tengine/lua/
    vim /usr/local/Tengine/lua/ImaageResizer.lua
  

  ImaageResizer.lua中配置如下内容

  local command = "/usr/local/GraphicsMagick/bin/gm convert " .. ngx.var.request_filepath .. " -resize " .. ngx.var.width .. "x" .. ngx.var.height .. " +profile \"*\" " .. ngx.var.request_filepath .. "_" .. ngx.var.width .. "x" .. ngx.var.height .. "." .. ngx.var.ext;
  os.execute(command);
  ngx.exec(ngx.var.request_uri);
  

  授权ImaageResizer.lua

  chmod 777   /usr/local/Tengine/lua/ImaageResizer.lua
  

2、Tengine 配置（ngnix.conf)

#user  nobody;
user  root;  # 裁剪图片需要root权限
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

# load modules compiled as Dynamic Shared Object (DSO)
#
#dso {
#    load ngx_http_fastcgi_module.so;
#    load ngx_http_rewrite_module.so;
#}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  img.itrip.project.bdqn.cn;
        root /data/itrip/uploadimg;

        location / {
             root /data/itrip/uploadimg; # 站点根目录
             expires 1h;    # 缓存时间
             add_header Cache-Control max-age=3600; # 缓存时间
             access_log   /var/log/Tengine/host_access.log;
        }

        #如果 url 格式如：xxxx.gif_数字x数字.gif
        location ~* ^(.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png))_(\d+)x(\d+)\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ {
           root /data/itrip/uploadimg;    #这里必须设置，否则根目录，即 $document_root 会是 Nginx 默认的 Nginx Root/html，在 Lua 中会得不到期望的值
           if (!-f $request_filename) { #如果文件不存在时才需要裁剪
              add_header X-Powered-By 'Lua GraphicsMagick';  #此HTTP Header无实际意义，用于测试
              add_header file-path $request_filename;  #此 HTTP Header无实际意义，用于测试
              lua_code_cache on;  #在编写外部 Lua脚本时，设置为off Nginx不会缓存 Lua，方便调试
              set $request_filepath /data/itrip/uploadimg$1;  #设置原始图片路径，如：/document_root/1.gif
              set $width $3;     # 设置裁剪/缩放的宽度
              set $height $4;    # 设置裁剪/缩放的高度
              set $ext $5;      # 图片文件格式后缀
              content_by_lua_file /usr/local/Tengine/lua/ImageResizer.lua;  #加载外部 Lua 文件
            }
        }




        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        #location / {
        #    root   html;
        #    index  index.html index.htm;
        #}



        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}