爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)

文章目录

  • >>>>>>>爬取网站的流程<<<<<<<
  • 案例1:爬取百度产品列表
  • 案例2:爬取新浪新闻指定搜索内容
  • 案例3:爬取百度贴吧前十页(get请求)
  • 案例4:爬取百度翻译接口
  • 案例5:爬取有道翻译接口
  • 案例6:登录人人网(cookie)
  • 案例7:登录人人网(session)
  • 案例8:爬取猫眼电影(正则表达式)
  • 案例9:爬取股吧(正则表达式)
  • 案例10:爬取某药品网站(正则表达式)
  • 案例11:使用xpath爬取扇贝英语单词(xpath)
  • 案例12:爬取网易云音乐的所有歌手名字(xpath)
  • 案例13:爬取酷狗音乐的歌手和歌单(xpath)
  • 案例14:爬取扇贝读书图书信息(selenium+Phantomjs)
  • 案例15:爬取腾讯招聘的招聘信息(selenium+Phantomjs)
  • 案例16:爬取腾讯招聘(ajax版+多线程版)
  • 案例17:爬取英雄联盟所有英雄名字和技能(selenium+phantomjs+ajax接口)
  • 案例18:爬取豆瓣电影(requests+多线程)
  • 案例19:爬取瓜子二手车的所有车(requests)
  • 案例20:爬取链家网北京每个区域的所有房子(selenium+Phantomjs+多线程)
  • 案例21:爬取笔趣阁的所有小说(requests)
  • 案例22:爬取菜鸟教程的python100例
  • 案例23:爬取新浪微博头条前20页(ajax+mysql)
  • 案例24:爬取搜狗指定图片(requests+多线程)
  • 案例25:爬取链家网北京所有房子(requests+多线程)

>>>>>>>爬取网站的流程<<<<<<<

  • 确定网站的哪个url是数据的来源

  • 简要分析一下网站结构,查看数据存放在哪里

  • 查看是否有分页,并解决分页的问题

  • 发送请求,查看response.text是否有我们所需要的数据

  • 筛选数据

  • 确定网站的哪个url是数据的来源

  • 简要分析一下网站结构,查看数据存放在哪里

  • 查看是否有分页,并解决分页的问题

  • 发送请求,查看response.text是否有我们所需要的数据

  • 如果没有(可能就是ajax),我们可以通过以下两种方法来实现爬取数据

    • 分析数据来源,查看是否通过一些接口获取到的页面内容

      分析接口的步骤:

      1.查看该接口数据是否为我们想要的

      2.重点查看该接口的请求参数,了解哪些参数是变化的,及其变化规律

    • selenium+phantomjs来获取

案例1:爬取百度产品列表

 # ------------------------------------------------1.导包
  import requests
  
  # -------------------------------------------------2.确定url
  base_url = 'https://www.baidu.com/more/'
  
  # ----------------------------------------------3.发送请求,获取响应
  response = requests.get(base_url)
  
  # -----------------------------------------------4.查看页面内容,可能出现 乱码
  # print(response.text)
  # print(response.encoding)
  # ---------------------------------------------------5.解决乱码
  # ---------------------------方法一:转换成utf-8格式
  # response.encoding='utf-8'
  # print(response.text)
  # -------------------------------方法二:解码为utf-8
  with open('index.html', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
      fp.write(response.content.decode('utf-8'))
  print(response.status_code)
  print(response.headers)
  print(type(response.text))
  print(type(response.content))

案例2:爬取新浪新闻指定搜索内容

import requests

# ------------------爬取带参数的get请求-------------------爬取新浪新闻,指定的内容
# 1.寻找基础url
base_url = 'https://search.sina.com.cn/?'
# 2.设置headers字典和params字典,再发请求
headers = {
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
}
key = '孙悟空'  # 搜索内容
params = {
    'q': key,
    'c': 'news',
    'from': 'channel',
    'ie': 'utf-8',
}
response = requests.get(base_url, headers=headers, params=params)
with open('sina_news.html', 'w', encoding='gbk') as fp:
    fp.write(response.content.decode('gbk'))
  • 分页类型

    • 第一步:找出分页参数的规律
    • 第二步:headers和params字典
    • 第三步:用for循环

案例3:爬取百度贴吧前十页(get请求)

# _--------------------爬取百度贴吧搜索某个贴吧的前十页
import requests, os

base_url = 'https://tieba.baidu.com/f?'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
}
dirname = './tieba/woman/'
if not os.path.exists(dirname):
    os.makedirs(dirname)
for i in range(0, 10):
    params = {
        'ie': 'utf-8',
        'kw': '美女',
        'pn': str(i * 50)
    }
    response = requests.get(base_url, headers=headers, params=params)
    with open(dirname + '美女第%s页.html' % (i+1), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
        file.write(response.content.decode('utf-8'))


案例4:爬取百度翻译接口

python
import requests

base_url = 'https://fanyi.baidu.com/sug'
kw = input('请输入要翻译的英文单词:')
data = {
    'kw': kw
}
headers = {
    # 由于百度翻译没有反扒措施,因此可以不写请求头
    'content-length': str(len(data)),
    'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
    'referer': 'https://fanyi.baidu.com/',
    'x-requested-with': 'XMLHttpRequest'
}
response = requests.post(base_url, headers=headers, data=data)
# print(response.json())
#结果:{'errno': 0, 'data': [{'k': 'python', 'v': 'n. 蟒; 蚺蛇;'}, {'k': 'pythons', 'v': 'n. 蟒; 蚺蛇;  python的复数;'}]}

#-----------------------------把他变成一行一行
result=''
for i in response.json()['data']:
    result+=i['v']+'\n'
print(kw+'的翻译结果为:')
print(result)

爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第1张图片


案例5:爬取有道翻译接口

import requests

base_url = 'http://fanyi.youdao.com/translate_o?smartresult=dict&smartresult=rule'
data = {
    'i': 'spider',
    'from': 'AUTO',
    'to': 'AUTO',
    'smartresult': 'dict',
    'client': 'fanyideskweb',
    'salt': '15722497498890',
    'sign': 'a5bfb7f00ee1906773bda3074ff32fec',
    'ts': '1572249749889',
    'bv': '1b6a302b48b06158238e3c036feb6ba1',
    'doctype': 'json',
    'version': '2.1',
    'keyfrom': 'fanyi.web',
    'action': 'FY_BY_REALTlME',
}
headers= {
    'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'Content-Length': '239',
    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
    'Cookie': '_ntes_nnid=106c3a7170510674c7f7d772e62a558b,1565682306312; OUTFOX_SEARCH_USER_ID_NCOO=1135450303.6725993; OUTFOX_SEARCH_USER_ID="[email protected]"; [email protected]|1570794528|0|other|00&99|not_found&1570667109&mail_client#bej&null#10#0#0|152885&0||[email protected]; _ga=GA1.2.1944828316.1572140505; JSESSIONID=aaa-Ya9um-M_N80M5xr4w; ___rl__test__cookies=1572249749875',
    'Host': 'fanyi.youdao.com',
    'Origin': 'http://fanyi.youdao.com',
    'Referer': 'http://fanyi.youdao.com/',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36',
    'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
}
response = requests.post(base_url,headers = headers,data=data)
print(response.text)

爬取完后,我们发现,我们无法修改关键词,只可以查询词汇为spider的词语,因此,我们需要找到办法可以使查出所有词汇。一般这种情况,由于某些参数的随时变化,我们需要在有道上翻译多个词来对比参数有哪些不同

爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第2张图片

知道是这三个参数不一样,因此我们需要破解这三个参数,常见的参数位置

  • js代码中
  • 前端页面(可能是隐藏的hidden标签)
  • ajax处

经过查询此处为某个js代码中的参数
爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第3张图片
爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第4张图片

所以下一步,我们需要把这几个参数用python求出来

爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第5张图片

完整代码:

import requests, time, random, hashlib

base_url = 'http://fanyi.youdao.com/translate_o?smartresult=dict&smartresult=rule'
value='world'#搜索单词
data = {
    'i': value,
    'from': 'AUTO',
    'to': 'AUTO',
    'smartresult': 'dict',
    'client': 'fanyideskweb',
    'salt': '15722497498890',
    'sign': 'a5bfb7f00ee1906773bda3074ff32fec',
    'ts': '1572249749889',
    'bv': '1b6a302b48b06158238e3c036feb6ba1',
    'doctype': 'json',
    'version': '2.1',
    'keyfrom': 'fanyi.web',
    'action': 'FY_BY_REALTlME',
}
headers = {
    'Accept': 'application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01',
    'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate',
    'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9',
    'Connection': 'keep-alive',
    'Content-Length': '239',
    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
    'Cookie': '_ntes_nnid=106c3a7170510674c7f7d772e62a558b,1565682306312; OUTFOX_SEARCH_USER_ID_NCOO=1135450303.6725993; OUTFOX_SEARCH_USER_ID="[email protected]"; [email protected]|1570794528|0|other|00&99|not_found&1570667109&mail_client#bej&null#10#0#0|152885&0||[email protected]; _ga=GA1.2.1944828316.1572140505; JSESSIONID=aaa-Ya9um-M_N80M5xr4w; ___rl__test__cookies=1572249749875',
    'Host': 'fanyi.youdao.com',
    'Origin': 'http://fanyi.youdao.com',
    'Referer': 'http://fanyi.youdao.com/',
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36',
    'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
}
# ---------------------------------------js代码中
# ts="" + (new Date).getTime()
# salt=r + parseInt(10 * Math.random(), 10)
# sign=n.md5("fanyideskweb" + e + i + "n%A-rKaT5fb[Gy?;N5@Tj")
# ------------------------------转化为python代码
def get_md5(value):
    md5 = hashlib.md5()
    md5.update(bytes(value, encoding='utf-8'))
    return md5.hexdigest()

ts = str(int(time.time() * 1000))
salt = ts + str(random.randint(0, 10))
sign = get_md5("fanyideskweb" + value + salt + 'n%A-rKaT5fb[Gy?;N5@Tj')
response = requests.post(base_url, headers=headers, data=data)
print(response.text)

案例6:登录人人网(cookie)

import requests

base_url = 'http://www.renren.com/909063513'
headers = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
    'Cookie': 'cookie',
}
response=requests.get(base_url,headers=headers)
if '死性不改' in response.text:
    print('登录成功')
else:
    print('登录失败')
    

由于我们登录进入人人网在人人网html页面就会显示用户名,因此可以通过用户名是否存在来判断是否登录成功

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-Oy8SupyT-1572347824910)(C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\1572316026211.png)]


案例7:登录人人网(session)

import requests

base_url = 'http://www.renren.com/PLogin.do'
headers= {
    'Host': 'www.renren.com',
    'Referer': 'http://safe.renren.com/security/account',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36',
}
data = {
    'email':邮箱,
    'password':密码,
}
#创建一个session对象
se = requests.session()
#用session对象来发送post请求进行登录。
se.post(base_url,headers=headers,data=data)
response = se.get('http://www.renren.com/971682585')

if '鸣人' in response.text:
    print('登录成功!')
else:
    print(response.text)
    print('登录失败!')

案例8:爬取猫眼电影(正则表达式)

爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第6张图片
爬取目标:爬取前一百个电影的信息

import re, requests, json


class Maoyan:

    def __init__(self, url):
        self.url = url
        self.movie_list = []
        self.headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36'
        }
        self.parse()

    def parse(self):
        # 爬去页面的代码
        # 1.发送请求,获取响应
        # 分页
        for i in range(10):
            url = self.url + '?offset={}'.format(i * 10)
            response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers)
            '''
            1.电影名称
            2、主演
            3、上映时间
            4、评分
            '''

            # 用正则筛选数据,有个原则:不断缩小筛选范围。
            dl_pattern = re.compile(r'
(.*?)
'
, re.S) dl_content = dl_pattern.search(response.text).group() dd_pattern = re.compile(r'
(.*?)
'
, re.S) dd_list = dd_pattern.findall(dl_content) # print(dd_list) movie_list = [] for dd in dd_list: print(dd) item = {} # ------------电影名字 movie_pattern = re.compile(r'title="(.*?)" class=', re.S) movie_name = movie_pattern.search(dd).group(1) # print(movie_name) actor_pattern = re.compile(r'

(.*?)

'
, re.S) actor = actor_pattern.search(dd).group(1).strip() # print(actor) play_time_pattern = re.compile(r'

(.*?):(.*?)

'
, re.S) play_time = play_time_pattern.search(dd).group(2).strip() # print(play_time) # 评分 score_pattern_1 = re.compile(r'(.*?)', re.S) score_pattern_2 = re.compile(r'(.*?)', re.S) score = score_pattern_1.search(dd).group(1).strip() + score_pattern_2.search(dd).group(1).strip() # print(score) item['电影名字:'] = movie_name item['主演:'] = actor item['时间:'] = play_time item['评分:'] = score # print(item) self.movie_list.append(item) # 将电影信息保存到json文件中 with open('movie.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp: json.dump(self.movie_list, fp) if __name__ == '__main__': base_url = 'https://maoyan.com/board/4' Maoyan(base_url) with open('movie.json', 'r') as fp: movie_list = json.load(fp) print(movie_list)

案例9:爬取股吧(正则表达式)

爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第7张图片
爬取目标: 爬取前十页的阅读数,评论数,标题,作者,更新时间,详情页url

import json
import re

import requests


class GuBa(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.base_url = 'http://guba.eastmoney.com/default,99_%s.html'
        self.headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36'
        }
        self.infos = []
        self.parse()

    def parse(self):
        for i in range(1, 13):
            response = requests.get(self.base_url % i, headers=self.headers)

            '''阅读数,评论数,标题,作者,更新时间,详情页url'''
            ul_pattern = re.compile(r'
    (.*?)
'
, re.S) ul_content = ul_pattern.search(response.text) if ul_content: ul_content = ul_content.group() li_pattern = re.compile(r'
  • (.*?)
  • '
    , re.S) li_list = li_pattern.findall(ul_content) # print(li_list) for li in li_list: item = {} reader_pattern = re.compile(r'(.*?)', re.S) info_list = reader_pattern.findall(li) # print(info_list) reader_num = '' comment_num = '' if info_list: reader_num = info_list[0].strip() comment_num = info_list[1].strip() print(reader_num, comment_num) title_pattern = re.compile(r'title="(.*?)" class="note">', re.S) title = title_pattern.search(li).group(1) # print(title) author_pattern = re.compile(r'target="_blank">(.*?), re.S) author = author_pattern.search(li).group(1) # print(author) date_pattern = re.compile(r'(.*?)', re.S) date = date_pattern.search(li).group(1) # print(date) detail_pattern = re.compile(r' + detail_url.group(1) else: detail_url = '' print(detail_url) item['title'] = title item['author'] = author item['date'] = date item['reader_num'] = reader_num item['comment_num'] = comment_num item['detail_url'] = detail_url self.infos.append(item) with open('guba.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as fp: json.dump(self.infos, fp) gb=GuBa()

    案例10:爬取某药品网站(正则表达式)

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第8张图片
    爬取目标:爬取五十页的药品信息

    '''
    	要求:抓取50页
    		字段:总价,描述,评论数量,详情页链接
    	用正则爬取。
    
    '''
    import requests, re,json
    
    
    class Drugs:
        def __init__(self):
            self.url = url = 'https://www.111.com.cn/categories/953710-j%s.html'
            self.headers = {
                'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36'
            }
            self.Drugs_list=[]
            self.parse()
    
        def parse(self):
            for i in range(51):
                response = requests.get(self.url % i, headers=self.headers)
                # print(response.text)
                # 字段:药名,总价,评论数量,详情页链接
                Drugsul_pattern = re.compile('
      (.*?)
    '
    , re.S) Drugsul = Drugsul_pattern.search(response.text).group() # print(Drugsul) Drugsli_list_pattern = re.compile('
  • , re.S) Drugsli_list = Drugsli_list_pattern.findall(Drugsul) Drugsli_list = Drugsli_list # print(Drugsli_list) for drug in Drugsli_list: # ---药名 item={} name_pattern = re.compile('alt="(.*?)"', re.S) name = name_pattern.search(str(drug)).group(1) # print(name) # ---总价 total_pattern = re.compile('(.*?)', re.S) total = total_pattern.search(drug).group(1).strip() # print(total) # ----评论 comment_pattern = re.compile('(.*?)') comment = comment_pattern.search(drug) if comment: comment_group = comment.group(1) else: comment_group = '0' # print(comment_group) # ---详情页链接 href_pattern = re.compile('" href="//(.*?)"') href='https://'+href_pattern.search(drug).group(1).strip() # print(href) item['药名']=name item['总价']=total item['评论']=comment item['链接']=href self.Drugs_list.append(item) drugs = Drugs() print(drugs.Drugs_list)

  • 案例11:使用xpath爬取扇贝英语单词(xpath)

    需求:爬取三页单词
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第9张图片

    import json
    
    import requests
    from lxml import etree
    base_url = 'https://www.shanbay.com/wordlist/110521/232414/?page=%s'
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36'
    }
    
    
    def get_text(value):
        if value:
            return value[0]
        return ''
    
    
    word_list = []
    for i in range(1, 4):
        # 发送请求
        response = requests.get(base_url % i, headers=headers)
        # print(response.text)
        html = etree.HTML(response.text)
        tr_list = html.xpath('//tbody/tr')
        # print(tr_list)
        for tr in tr_list:
            item = {}#构造单词列表
            en = get_text(tr.xpath('.//td[@class="span2"]/strong/text()'))
            tra = get_text(tr.xpath('.//td[@class="span10"]/text()'))
            print(en, tra)
            if en:
                item[en] = tra
                word_list.append(item)
    
    
    

    面向对象:

    import requests
    from lxml import etree
    
    
    class Shanbei(object):
        def __init__(self):
            self.base_url = 'https://www.shanbay.com/wordlist/110521/232414/?page=%s'
            self.headers = {
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36'
            }
            self.word_list = []
            self.parse()
    
        def get_text(self, value):
            # 防止为空报错
            if value:
                return value[0]
            return ''
    
        def parse(self):
            for i in range(1, 4):
                # 发送请求
                response = requests.get(self.base_url % i, headers=self.headers)
                # print(response.text)
                html = etree.HTML(response.text)
                tr_list = html.xpath('//tbody/tr')
                # print(tr_list)
                for tr in tr_list:
                    item = {}  # 构造单词列表
                    en = self.get_text(tr.xpath('.//td[@class="span2"]/strong/text()'))
                    tra = self.get_text(tr.xpath('.//td[@class="span10"]/text()'))
                    print(en, tra)
                    if en:
                        item[en] = tra
                        self.word_list.append(item)
    
    
    shanbei = Shanbei()
    
    

    案例12:爬取网易云音乐的所有歌手名字(xpath)

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第10张图片
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第11张图片

    import requests,json
    from lxml import etree
    
    url = 'https://music.163.com/discover/artist'
    singer_infos = []
    
    
    # ---------------通过url获取该页面的内容,返回xpath对象
    def get_xpath(url):
        headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36'
        }
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        return etree.HTML(response.text)
    
    
    # --------------通过get_xpath爬取到页面后,我们获取华宇,华宇男等分类
    def parse():
        html = get_xpath(url)
        fenlei_url_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="nav f-cb"]/li/a/@href')  # 获取华宇等分类的url
        # print(fenlei_url_list)
        # --------将热门和推荐两栏去掉筛选
        new_list = [i for i in fenlei_url_list if 'id' in i]
        for i in new_list:
            fenlei_url = 'https://music.163.com' + i
            parse_fenlei(fenlei_url)
            # print(fenlei_url)
    
    
    # -------------通过传入的分类url,获取A,B,C页面内容
    def parse_fenlei(url):
        html = get_xpath(url)
        # 获得字母排序,每个字母的链接
        zimu_url_list = html.xpath('//ul[@id="initial-selector"]/li[position()>1]/a/@href')
        for i in zimu_url_list:
            zimu_url = 'https://music.163.com' + i
            parse_singer(zimu_url)
    
    
    # ---------------------传入获得的字母链接,开始爬取歌手内容
    def parse_singer(url):
        html = get_xpath(url)
        item = {}
        singer_names = html.xpath('//ul[@id="m-artist-box"]/li/p/a/text()')
        # --详情页看到页面结构会有两个a标签,所以取第一个
        singer_href = html.xpath('//ul[@id="m-artist-box"]/li/p/a[1]/@href')
        # print(singer_names,singer_href)
        for i, name in enumerate(singer_names):
            item['歌手名'] = name
            item['音乐链接'] = 'https://music.163.com' + singer_href[i].strip()
            # 获取歌手详情页的链接
            url = item['音乐链接'].replace(r'?id', '/desc?id')
            # print(url)
            parse_detail(url, item)
    
            print(item)
    
    
    # ---------获取详情页url和存着歌手名字和音乐列表的字典,在字典中添加详情页数据
    def parse_detail(url, item):
        html = get_xpath(url)
        desc_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="n-artdesc"]/p/text()')
        item['歌手信息'] = desc_list
        singer_infos.append(item)
        write_singer(item)
    
    
    # ----------------将数据字典写入歌手文件
    def write_singer(item):
        with open('singer.json', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            json.dump(item,file)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        parse()
    
    
    

    面向对象

    import json, requests
    from lxml import etree
    
    
    class Wangyiyun(object):
        def __init__(self):
            self.url = 'https://music.163.com/discover/artist'
            self.singer_infos = []
            self.headers = {
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36'
            }
            self.parse()
    
        # ---------------通过url获取该页面的内容,返回xpath对象
        def get_xpath(self, url):
            response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers)
            return etree.HTML(response.text)
    
        # --------------通过get_xpath爬取到页面后,我们获取华宇,华宇男等分类
        def parse(self):
            html = self.get_xpath(self.url)
            fenlei_url_list = html.xpath('//ul[@class="nav f-cb"]/li/a/@href')  # 获取华宇等分类的url
            # print(fenlei_url_list)
            # --------将热门和推荐两栏去掉筛选
            new_list = [i for i in fenlei_url_list if 'id' in i]
            for i in new_list:
                fenlei_url = 'https://music.163.com' + i
                self.parse_fenlei(fenlei_url)
                # print(fenlei_url)
    
        # -------------通过传入的分类url,获取A,B,C页面内容
        def parse_fenlei(self, url):
            html = self.get_xpath(url)
            # 获得字母排序,每个字母的链接
            zimu_url_list = html.xpath('//ul[@id="initial-selector"]/li[position()>1]/a/@href')
            for i in zimu_url_list:
                zimu_url = 'https://music.163.com' + i
                self.parse_singer(zimu_url)
    
        # ---------------------传入获得的字母链接,开始爬取歌手内容
        def parse_singer(self, url):
            html = self.get_xpath(url)
            item = {}
            singer_names = html.xpath('//ul[@id="m-artist-box"]/li/p/a/text()')
            # --详情页看到页面结构会有两个a标签,所以取第一个
            singer_href = html.xpath('//ul[@id="m-artist-box"]/li/p/a[1]/@href')
            # print(singer_names,singer_href)
            for i, name in enumerate(singer_names):
                item['歌手名'] = name
                item['音乐链接'] = 'https://music.163.com' + singer_href[i].strip()
                # 获取歌手详情页的链接
                url = item['音乐链接'].replace(r'?id', '/desc?id')
                # print(url)
                self.parse_detail(url, item)
    
                print(item)
    
        # ---------获取详情页url和存着歌手名字和音乐列表的字典,在字典中添加详情页数据
        def parse_detail(self, url, item):
            html = self.get_xpath(url)
            desc_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="n-artdesc"]/p/text()')[0]
            item['歌手信息'] = desc_list
            self.singer_infos.append(item)
            self.write_singer(item)
    
        # ----------------将数据字典写入歌手文件
        def write_singer(self, item):
            with open('sing.json', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as file:
                json.dump(item, file)
    
    
    music = Wangyiyun()
    
    

    案例13:爬取酷狗音乐的歌手和歌单(xpath)

    需求:爬取酷狗音乐的歌手和歌单和歌手简介
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第12张图片

    import json, requests
    from lxml import etree
    
    base_url = 'https://www.kugou.com/yy/singer/index/%s-%s-1.html'
    # ---------------通过url获取该页面的内容,返回xpath对象
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36'
    }
    
    
    # ---------------通过url获取该页面的内容,返回xpath对象
    def get_xpath(url, headers):
        try:
            response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
            return etree.HTML(response.text)
        except Exception:
            print(url, '该页面没有相应!')
            return ''
    
    
    # --------------------通过歌手详情页获取歌手简介
    def parse_info(url):
        html = get_xpath(url, headers)
        info = html.xpath('//div[@class="intro"]/p/text()')
        return info
    
    
    # --------------------------写入方法
    def write_json(value):
        with open('kugou.json', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            json.dump(value, file)
    
    
    # -----------------------------用ASCII码值来变换abcd...
    for j in range(97, 124):
        # 小写字母为97-122,当等于123的时候我们按歌手名单的其他算,路由为null
        if j < 123:
            p = chr(j)
        else:
            p = "null"
        for i in range(1, 6):
            response = requests.get(base_url % (i, p), headers=headers)
            # print(response.text)
            html = etree.HTML(response.text)
            # 由于数据分两个url,所以需要加起来数据列表
            name_list1 = html.xpath('//ul[@id="list_head"]/li/strong/a/text()')
            sing_list1 = html.xpath('//ul[@id="list_head"]/li/strong/a/@href')
            name_list2 = html.xpath('//div[@id="list1"]/ul/li/a/text()')
            sing_list2 = html.xpath('//div[@id="list1"]/ul/li/a/@href')
            singer_name_list = name_list1 + name_list2
            singer_sing_list = sing_list1 + sing_list2
            # print(singer_name_list,singer_sing_list)
            for i, name in enumerate(singer_name_list):
                item = {}
                item['名字'] = name
                item['歌单'] = singer_sing_list[i]
                # item['歌手信息']=parse_info(singer_sing_list[i])#被封了
                write_json(item)
    
    

    面向对象:

    import json, requests
    from lxml import etree
    
    class KuDog(object):
        def __init__(self):
            self.base_url = 'https://www.kugou.com/yy/singer/index/%s-%s-1.html'
            self.headers = {
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36'
            }
            self.parse()
    
        # ---------------通过url获取该页面的内容,返回xpath对象
        def get_xpath(self, url, headers):
            try:
                response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
                return etree.HTML(response.text)
            except Exception:
                print(url, '该页面没有相应!')
                return ''
    
        # --------------------通过歌手详情页获取歌手简介
        def parse_info(self, url):
            html = self.get_xpath(url, self.headers)
            info = html.xpath('//div[@class="intro"]/p/text()')
            return info[0]
    
        # --------------------------写入方法
        def write_json(self, value):
            with open('kugou.json', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as file:
                json.dump(value, file)
    
        # -----------------------------用ASCII码值来变换abcd...
        def parse(self):
            for j in range(97, 124):
                # 小写字母为97-122,当等于123的时候我们按歌手名单的其他算,路由为null
                if j < 123:
                    p = chr(j)
                else:
                    p = "null"
                for i in range(1, 6):
                    response = requests.get(self.base_url % (i, p), headers=self.headers)
                    # print(response.text)
                    html = etree.HTML(response.text)
                    # 由于数据分两个url,所以需要加起来数据列表
                    name_list1 = html.xpath('//ul[@id="list_head"]/li/strong/a/text()')
                    sing_list1 = html.xpath('//ul[@id="list_head"]/li/strong/a/@href')
                    name_list2 = html.xpath('//div[@id="list1"]/ul/li/a/text()')
                    sing_list2 = html.xpath('//div[@id="list1"]/ul/li/a/@href')
                    singer_name_list = name_list1 + name_list2
                    singer_sing_list = sing_list1 + sing_list2
                    # print(singer_name_list,singer_sing_list)
                    for i, name in enumerate(singer_name_list):
                        item = {}
                        item['名字'] = name
                        item['歌单'] = singer_sing_list[i]
                        # item['歌手信息']=parse_info(singer_sing_list[i])#被封了
                        print(item)
                        self.write_json(item)
    
    music = KuDog()
    

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第13张图片


    案例14:爬取扇贝读书图书信息(selenium+Phantomjs)

    由于数据有js方法写入,因此不好在利用requests模块获取,所以使用selenium+Phantomjs获取

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第14张图片

    import time, json
    from lxml import etree
    from selenium import webdriver
    
    base_url = 'https://search.douban.com/book/subject_search?search_text=python&cat=1001&start=%s'
    
    driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
    
    
    def get_text(text):
        if text:
            return text[0]
        return ''
    
    
    def parse_page(text):
        html = etree.HTML(text)
        div_list = html.xpath('//div[@id="root"]/div/div/div/div/div/div[@class="item-root"]')
        # print(div_list)
        for div in div_list:
            item = {}
            '''
            图书名称,评分,评价数,详情页链接,作者,出版社,价格,出版日期
            '''
            name = get_text(div.xpath('.//div[@class="title"]/a/text()'))
            scores = get_text(div.xpath('.//span[@class="rating_nums"]/text()'))
            comment_num = get_text(div.xpath('.//span[@class="pl"]/text()'))
            detail_url = get_text(div.xpath('.//div[@class="title"]/a/@href'))
            detail = get_text(div.xpath('.//div[@class="meta abstract"]/text()'))
            if detail:
                detail_list = detail.split('/')
            else:
                detail_list = ['未知', '未知', '未知', '未知']
            # print(detail_list)
            if all([name, detail_url]):  # 如果名字和详情链接为true
                item['书名'] = name
                item['评分'] = scores
                item['评论'] = comment_num
                item['详情链接'] = detail_url
                item['出版社'] = detail_list[-3]
                item['价格'] = detail_list[-1]
                item['出版日期'] = detail_list[-2]
                author_list = detail_list[:-3]
                author = ''
                for aut in author_list:
                    author += aut + ' '
                item['作者'] = author
    
                print(item)
                write_singer(item)
    
    
    def write_singer(item):
        with open('book.json', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            json.dump(item, file)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        for i in range(10):
            driver.get(base_url % (i * 15))
            # 等待
            time.sleep(2)
            html_str = driver.page_source
            parse_page(html_str)
    
    

    面向对象:

    from lxml import etree
    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
    from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    from urllib import parse
    
    
    class Douban(object):
        def __init__(self, url):
            self.url = url
            self.driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
            self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 10)
            self.parse()
    
        # 判断数据是否存在,不存在返回空字符
        def get_text(self, text):
            if text:
                return text[0]
            return ''
    
        def get_content_by_selenium(self, url, xpath):
            self.driver.get(url)
            # 等待,locator对象是一个元组,此处获取xpath对应的元素并加载出来
            webelement = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH, xpath)))
            return self.driver.page_source
    
        def parse(self):
            html_str = self.get_content_by_selenium(self.url, '//div[@id="root"]/div/div/div/div')
            html = etree.HTML(html_str)
            div_list = html.xpath('//div[@id="root"]/div/div/div/div/div')
            for div in div_list:
                item = {}
                '''图书名称+评分+评价数+详情页链接+作者+出版社+价格+出版日期'''
                name = self.get_text(div.xpath('.//div[@class="title"]/a/text()'))
                scores = self.get_text(div.xpath('.//span[@class="rating_nums"]/text()'))
                comment_num = self.get_text(div.xpath('.//span[@class="pl"]/text()'))
                detail_url = self.get_text(div.xpath('.//div[@class="title"]/a/@href'))
                detail = self.get_text(div.xpath('.//div[@class="meta abstract"]/text()'))
                if detail:
                    detail_list = detail.split('/')
                else:
                    detail_list = ['未知', '未知', '未知', '未知']
                if all([name, detail_url]):  # 如果列表里的数据为true方可执行
                    item['书名'] = name
                    item['评分'] = scores
                    item['评论'] = comment_num
                    item['详情链接'] = detail_url
                    item['出版社'] = detail_list[-3]
                    item['价格'] = detail_list[-1]
                    item['出版日期'] = detail_list[-2]
                    author_list = detail_list[:-3]
                    author = ''
                    for aut in author_list:
                        author += aut + ' '
                    item['作者'] = author
                    print(item)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        kw = 'python'
        base_url = 'https://search.douban.com/book/subject_search?'
        for i in range(10):
            params = {
                'search_text': kw,
                'cat': '1001',
                'start': str(i * 15),
            }
            url = base_url + parse.urlencode(params)
            Douban(url)
    
    

    案例15:爬取腾讯招聘的招聘信息(selenium+Phantomjs)

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第15张图片

    import time
    from lxml import etree
    from selenium import webdriver
    
    driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
    base_url = 'https://careers.tencent.com/search.html?index=%s'
    job=[]
    
    def getText(text):
        if text:
            return text[0]
        else:
            return ''
    
    
    def parse(text):
        html = etree.HTML(text)
        div_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="correlation-degree"]/div[@class="recruit-wrap recruit-margin"]/div')
        # print(div_list)
        for i in div_list:
            item = {}
            job_name = i.xpath('a/h4/text()')  # ------职位
            job_loc = i.xpath('a/p/span[2]/text()')  # --------地点
            job_gangwei = i.xpath('a/p/span[3]/text()')  # -----岗位
            job_time = i.xpath('a/p/span[4]/text()')  # -----发布时间
            item['职位']=job_name
            item['地点']=job_loc
            item['岗位']=job_gangwei
            item['发布时间']=job_time
            job.append(item)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        for i in range(1, 11):
            driver.get(base_url % i)
            text = driver.page_source
            # print(text)
            time.sleep(1)
            parse(text)
        print(job)
    

    面向对象:

    import json
    from lxml import etree
    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
    from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
    from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
    from urllib import parse
    
    class Tencent(object):
        def __init__(self,url):
            self.url = url
            self.driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
            self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.driver,10)
            self.parse()
    
        def get_text(self,text):
            if text:
                return text[0]
            return ''
    
        def get_content_by_selenium(self,url,xpath):
            self.driver.get(url)
            webelement = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.XPATH,xpath)))
            return self.driver.page_source
    
        def parse(self):
            html_str = self.get_content_by_selenium(self.url,'//div[@class="correlation-degree"]')
            html = etree.HTML(html_str)
            div_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="recruit-wrap recruit-margin"]/div')
            # print(div_list)
            for div in div_list:
                '''title,工作简介,工作地点,发布时间,岗位类别,详情页链接'''
                job_name = self.get_text(div.xpath('.//h4[@class="recruit-title"]/text()'))
                job_loc = self.get_text(div.xpath('.//p[@class="recruit-tips"]/span[2]/text()'))
                job_gangwei = self.get_text(div.xpath('.//p/span[3]/text()') ) # -----岗位
                job_time = self.get_text(div.xpath('.//p/span[4]/text()') ) # -----发布时间
                item = {}
                item['职位'] = job_name
                item['地点'] = job_loc
                item['岗位'] = job_gangwei
                item['发布时间'] = job_time
                print(item)
                self.write_(item)
    
        def write_(self,item):
            with open('Tencent_job_100page.json', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as file:
                json.dump(item, file)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        base_url = 'https://careers.tencent.com/search.html?index=%s'
        for i in range(1,100):
            Tencent(base_url %i)
    
    
    

    案例16:爬取腾讯招聘(ajax版+多线程版)

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第16张图片
    通过分析我们发现,腾讯招聘使用的是ajax的数据接口,因此我们直接去寻找ajax的数据接口链接。

    import requests, json
    
    
    class Tencent(object):
        def __init__(self):
            self.base_url = 'https://careers.tencent.com/tencentcareer/api/post/Query?'
            self.headers = {
                'sec-fetch-mode': 'cors',
                'sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin',
                'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
                'referer': 'https://careers.tencent.com/search.html'
            }
    
            self.parse()
    
        def parse(self):
            for i in range(1, 3):
                params = {
                    'timestamp': '1572850838681',
                    'countryId': '',
                    'cityId': '',
                    'bgIds': '',
                    'productId': '',
                    'categoryId': '',
                    'parentCategoryId': '',
                    'attrId': '',
                    'keyword': '',
                    'pageIndex': str(i),
                    'pageSize': '10',
                    'language': 'zh-cn',
                    'area': 'cn'
                }
                response = requests.get(self.base_url, headers=self.headers, params=params)
                self.parse_json(response.text)
    
        def parse_json(self, text):
            # 将json字符串编程python内置对象
            infos = []
            json_dict = json.loads(text)
            for data in json_dict['Data']['Posts']:
                RecruitPostName = data['RecruitPostName']
                CategoryName = data['CategoryName']
                Responsibility = data['Responsibility']
                LastUpdateTime = data['LastUpdateTime']
                detail_url = data['PostURL']
                item = {}
                item['RecruitPostName'] = RecruitPostName
                item['CategoryName'] = CategoryName
                item['Responsibility'] = Responsibility
                item['LastUpdateTime'] = LastUpdateTime
                item['detail_url'] = detail_url
                # print(item)
                infos.append(item)
            self.write_to_file(infos)
    
        def write_to_file(self, list_):
            for item in list_:
                with open('infos.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                    fp.writelines(str(item))
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        t = Tencent()
    
    

    改为多线程版后

    import requests, json, threading
    
    
    class Tencent(object):
        def __init__(self):
            self.base_url = 'https://careers.tencent.com/tencentcareer/api/post/Query?'
            self.headers = {
                'sec-fetch-mode': 'cors',
                'sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin',
                'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
                'referer': 'https://careers.tencent.com/search.html'
            }
    
            self.parse()
    
        def parse(self):
            for i in range(1, 3):
                params = {
                    'timestamp': '1572850838681',
                    'countryId': '',
                    'cityId': '',
                    'bgIds': '',
                    'productId': '',
                    'categoryId': '',
                    'parentCategoryId': '',
                    'attrId': '',
                    'keyword': '',
                    'pageIndex': str(i),
                    'pageSize': '10',
                    'language': 'zh-cn',
                    'area': 'cn'
                }
                response = requests.get(self.base_url, headers=self.headers, params=params)
                self.parse_json(response.text)
    
        def parse_json(self, text):
            # 将json字符串编程python内置对象
            infos = []
            json_dict = json.loads(text)
            for data in json_dict['Data']['Posts']:
                RecruitPostName = data['RecruitPostName']
                CategoryName = data['CategoryName']
                Responsibility = data['Responsibility']
                LastUpdateTime = data['LastUpdateTime']
                detail_url = data['PostURL']
                item = {}
                item['RecruitPostName'] = RecruitPostName
                item['CategoryName'] = CategoryName
                item['Responsibility'] = Responsibility
                item['LastUpdateTime'] = LastUpdateTime
                item['detail_url'] = detail_url
                # print(item)
                infos.append(item)
            self.write_to_file(infos)
    
        def write_to_file(self, list_):
            for item in list_:
                with open('infos.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                    fp.writelines(str(item))
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        tencent = Tencent()
        t = threading.Thread(target=tencent.parse)
        t.start()
    
    

    改成多线程版的线程类:

    import requests, json, threading
    
    
    class Tencent(threading.Thread):
        def __init__(self, i):
            super().__init__()
            self.i = i
            self.base_url = 'https://careers.tencent.com/tencentcareer/api/post/Query?'
            self.headers = {
                'sec-fetch-mode': 'cors',
                'sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin',
                'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
                'referer': 'https://careers.tencent.com/search.html'
            }
    
        def run(self):
            self.parse()
    
        def parse(self):
            params = {
                'timestamp': '1572850838681',
                'countryId': '',
                'cityId': '',
                'bgIds': '',
                'productId': '',
                'categoryId': '',
                'parentCategoryId': '',
                'attrId': '',
                'keyword': '',
                'pageIndex': str(self.i),
                'pageSize': '10',
                'language': 'zh-cn',
                'area': 'cn'
            }
            response = requests.get(self.base_url, headers=self.headers, params=params)
            self.parse_json(response.text)
    
        def parse_json(self, text):
            # 将json字符串编程python内置对象
            infos = []
            json_dict = json.loads(text)
            for data in json_dict['Data']['Posts']:
                RecruitPostName = data['RecruitPostName']
                CategoryName = data['CategoryName']
                Responsibility = data['Responsibility']
                LastUpdateTime = data['LastUpdateTime']
                detail_url = data['PostURL']
                item = {}
                item['RecruitPostName'] = RecruitPostName
                item['CategoryName'] = CategoryName
                item['Responsibility'] = Responsibility
                item['LastUpdateTime'] = LastUpdateTime
                item['detail_url'] = detail_url
                # print(item)
                infos.append(item)
            self.write_to_file(infos)
    
        def write_to_file(self, list_):
            for item in list_:
                with open('infos.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                    fp.writelines(str(item) + '\n')
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        for i in range(1, 50):
            t = Tencent(i)
            t.start()
    
    

    这样的弊端是如果有多个多线程同时运行,会导致系统的崩溃,因此我们使用队列,控制线程数量

    import requests,json,time,threading
    from queue import Queue
    class Tencent(threading.Thread):
        def __init__(self,url,headers,name,q):
            super().__init__()
            self.url= url
            self.name = name
            self.q = q
            self.headers = headers
    
        def run(self):
            self.parse()
    
        def write_to_file(self,list_):
            with open('infos1.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
                for item in list_:
    
                    fp.write(str(item))
        def parse_json(self,text):
            #将json字符串编程python内置对象
            infos = []
            json_dict = json.loads(text)
            for data in json_dict['Data']['Posts']:
                RecruitPostName = data['RecruitPostName']
                CategoryName = data['CategoryName']
                Responsibility = data['Responsibility']
                LastUpdateTime = data['LastUpdateTime']
                detail_url = data['PostURL']
                item = {}
                item['RecruitPostName'] = RecruitPostName
                item['CategoryName'] = CategoryName
                item['Responsibility'] = Responsibility
                item['LastUpdateTime'] = LastUpdateTime
                item['detail_url'] = detail_url
                # print(item)
                infos.append(item)
            self.write_to_file(infos)
        def parse(self):
            while True:
                if self.q.empty():
                    break
                page = self.q.get()
                print(f'==================第{page}页==========================in{self.name}')
                params = {
                    'timestamp': '1572850797210',
                    'countryId':'',
                    'cityId':'',
                    'bgIds':'',
                    'productId':'',
                    'categoryId':'',
                    'parentCategoryId':'',
                    'attrId':'',
                    'keyword':'',
                    'pageIndex': str(page),
                    'pageSize': '10',
                    'language': 'zh-cn',
                    'area': 'cn'
                }
                response = requests.get(self.url,params=params,headers=self.headers)
                self.parse_json(response.text)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        start = time.time()
        base_url = 'https://careers.tencent.com/tencentcareer/api/post/Query?'
        headers= {
            'referer': 'https: // careers.tencent.com / search.html',
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/78.0.3904.70 Safari/537.36',
            'sec-fetch-mode': 'cors',
            'sec-fetch-site': 'same-origin'
        }
        #1创建任务队列
        q = Queue()
        #2给队列添加任务,任务是每一页的页码
        for page in range(1,50):
            q.put(page)
        # print(queue)
        # while not q.empty():
        #     print(q.get())
        #3.创建一个列表
        crawl_list = ['aa','bb','cc','dd','ee']
        list_ = []
        for name in crawl_list:
            t = Tencent(base_url,headers,name,q)
            t.start()
            list_.append(t)
        for l in list_:
            l.join()
        # 3.4171955585479736
        print(time.time()-start)
    

    案例17:爬取英雄联盟所有英雄名字和技能(selenium+phantomjs+ajax接口)

    from selenium import webdriver
    from lxml import etree
    import requests, json
    
    driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
    base_url = 'https://lol.qq.com/data/info-heros.shtml'
    driver.get(base_url)
    html = etree.HTML(driver.page_source)
    hero_url_list = html.xpath('.//ul[@id="jSearchHeroDiv"]/li/a/@href')
    hero_list = []  # 存放所有英雄的列表
    for hero_url in hero_url_list:
        id = hero_url.split('=')[-1]
        # print(id)
        detail_url = 'https://game.gtimg.cn/images/lol/act/img/js/hero/' + id + '.js'
        # print(detail_url)
        headers = {
            'Referer': 'https://lol.qq.com/data/info-defail.shtml?id =4',
            'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36'
        }
        response = requests.get(detail_url, headers=headers)
        n = json.loads(response.text)
        hero = []  # 存放单个英雄
        item_name = {}
        item_name['英雄名字'] = n['hero']['name'] + ' ' + n['hero']['title']
        hero.append(item_name)
        for i in n['spells']:  # 技能
            item_skill = {}
            item_skill['技能名字'] = i['name']
            item_skill['技能描述'] = i['description']
            hero.append(item_skill)
        hero_list.append(hero)
        # print(hero_list)
    with open('hero.json','w') as file:
        json.dump(hero_list,file)
    

    案例18:爬取豆瓣电影(requests+多线程)

    需求:获得每个分类里的所有电影
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第17张图片
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第18张图片

    import json
    import re, requests
    from lxml import etree
    
    
    # 获取网页的源码
    def get_content(url, headers):
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        return response.text
    
    
    # 获取电影指定信息
    def get_movie_info(text):
        text = json.loads(text)
        item = {}
        for data in text:
            score = data['score']
            image = data['cover_url']
            title = data['title']
            actors = data['actors']
            detail_url = data['url']
            vote_count = data['vote_count']
            types = data['types']
            item['评分'] = score
            item['图片'] = image
            item['电影名'] = title
            item['演员'] = actors
            item['详情页链接'] = detail_url
            item['评价数'] = vote_count
            item['电影类别'] = types
            print(item)
    
    
    # 获取电影api数据的
    def get_movie(type, url):
        headers = {
            'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
        }
        n = 0
        # 获取api数据,并判断分页
        while True:
            text = get_content(url.format(type, n), headers=headers)
            if text == '[]':
                break
            get_movie_info(text)
            n += 20
    
    
    # 主方法
    def main():
        base_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/chart'
        headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
            'Referer': 'https://movie.douban.com/explore'
        }
    
        html_str = get_content(base_url, headers=headers)  # 分类页首页
        html = etree.HTML(html_str)
        movie_urls = html.xpath('//div[@class="types"]/span/a/@href')  # 获得每个分类的连接,但是切割type
        for url in movie_urls:
            p = re.compile('type=(.*?)&interval_id=')
            type_ = p.search(url).group(1)
            ajax_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type={}&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&start={}&limit=20'
            get_movie(type_, ajax_url)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()
    
    

    多线程

    import json, threading
    import re, requests
    from lxml import etree
    from queue import Queue
    
    
    class DouBan(threading.Thread):
        def __init__(self, q=None):
            super().__init__()
            self.base_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/chart'
            self.headers = {
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
                'Referer': 'https://movie.douban.com/explore'
            }
            self.q = q
            self.ajax_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/j/chart/top_list?type={}&interval_id=100%3A90&action=&start={}&limit=20'
    
        # 获取网页的源码
        def get_content(self, url, headers):
            response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
            return response.text
    
        # 获取电影指定信息
        def get_movie_info(self, text):
            text = json.loads(text)
            item = {}
            for data in text:
                score = data['score']
                image = data['cover_url']
                title = data['title']
                actors = data['actors']
                detail_url = data['url']
                vote_count = data['vote_count']
                types = data['types']
                item['评分'] = score
                item['图片'] = image
                item['电影名'] = title
                item['演员'] = actors
                item['详情页链接'] = detail_url
                item['评价数'] = vote_count
                item['电影类别'] = types
                print(item)
    
        # 获取电影api数据的
        def get_movie(self):
            headers = {
                'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
            }
    
            # 获取api数据,并判断分页
            while True:
                if self.q.empty():
                    break
                n = 0
                while True:
                    text = self.get_content(self.ajax_url.format(self.q.get(), n), headers=headers)
                    if text == '[]':
                        break
                    self.get_movie_info(text)
                    n += 20
    
        # 获取所有类型的type——id
        def get_types(self):
            html_str = self.get_content(self.base_url, headers=self.headers)  # 分类页首页
            html = etree.HTML(html_str)
            types = html.xpath('//div[@class="types"]/span/a/@href')  # 获得每个分类的连接,但是切割type
            # print(types)
            type_list = []
            for i in types:
                p = re.compile('type=(.*?)&interval_id=')  # 筛选id,拼接到api接口的路由
                type = p.search(i).group(1)
                type_list.append(type)
            return type_list
    
        def run(self):
            self.get_movie()
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        # 创建消息队列
        q = Queue()
        # 将任务队列初始化,将我们的type放到消息队列中
        t = DouBan()
        types = t.get_types()
        for tp in types:
            q.put(tp[0])
        # 创建一个列表,列表的数量就是开启线程的树木
        crawl_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
        for crawl in crawl_list:
            # 实例化对象
            movie = DouBan(q=q)
            movie.start()
    
    

    案例19:爬取瓜子二手车的所有车(requests)

    需求:获得每个车类型的所有信息
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第19张图片
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第20张图片

    import json
    
    import requests, re
    from lxml import etree
    
    # 获取网页的源码
    def get_content(url, headers):
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        return response.text
    
    
    # 获取子页原代码
    def get_info(text):
        item = {}
        title_list = text.xpath('//ul[@class="carlist clearfix js-top"]/li/a/@title')
        price_list = text.xpath('//div[@class="t-price"]/p/text()')
        year_list = text.xpath('//div[@class="t-i"]/text()[1]')
        millon_list = text.xpath('//div[@class="t-i"]/text()[2]')
        picture_list = text.xpath('//ul[@class="carlist clearfix js-top"]/li/a/img/@src')
        details_list = text.xpath('//ul[@class="carlist clearfix js-top"]/li/a/@href')
        for i, title in enumerate(title_list):
            item['标题'] = title
            item['价格'] = price_list[i] + '万'
            item['公里数'] = millon_list[i]
            item['年份'] = year_list[i]
            item['照片链接'] = picture_list[i]
            item['详情页链接'] = 'https://www.guazi.com' + details_list[i]
            print(item)
    
    
    # 主函数
    def main():
        base_url = 'https://www.guazi.com/bj/buy/'
        headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
            'Cookie': 'track_id=7534369675321344; uuid=c129325e-6fea-4fd0-dea5-3632997e0419; antipas=wL2L859nHt69349594j71850u61; cityDomain=bj; clueSourceCode=10103000312%2300; user_city_id=12; ganji_uuid=6616956591030214317551; sessionid=5f3261c7-27a6-4bd6-e909-f70312d46c39; lg=1; cainfo=%7B%22ca_a%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_b%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_s%22%3A%22pz_baidu%22%2C%22ca_n%22%3A%22tbmkbturl%22%2C%22ca_medium%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_term%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_content%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ca_campaign%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ca_kw%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_i%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22scode%22%3A%2210103000312%22%2C%22keyword%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_keywordid%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_transid%22%3A%22%22%2C%22platform%22%3A%221%22%2C%22version%22%3A1%2C%22track_id%22%3A%227534369675321344%22%2C%22display_finance_flag%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22client_ab%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22guid%22%3A%22c129325e-6fea-4fd0-dea5-3632997e0419%22%2C%22ca_city%22%3A%22bj%22%2C%22sessionid%22%3A%225f3261c7-27a6-4bd6-e909-f70312d46c39%22%7D; preTime=%7B%22last%22%3A1572951901%2C%22this%22%3A1572951534%2C%22pre%22%3A1572951534%7D',
        }
        html = etree.HTML(get_content(base_url, headers))
        brand_url_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="dd-all clearfix js-brand js-option-hid-info"]/ul/li/p/a/@href')
        for url in brand_url_list:
            headers = {
                'Referer': 'https://www.guazi.com/bj/buy/',
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
                'Cookie': 'track_id=7534369675321344; uuid=c129325e-6fea-4fd0-dea5-3632997e0419; antipas=wL2L859nHt69349594j71850u61; cityDomain=bj; clueSourceCode=10103000312%2300; user_city_id=12; ganji_uuid=6616956591030214317551; sessionid=5f3261c7-27a6-4bd6-e909-f70312d46c39; lg=1; cainfo=%7B%22ca_a%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_b%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_s%22%3A%22pz_baidu%22%2C%22ca_n%22%3A%22tbmkbturl%22%2C%22ca_medium%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_term%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_content%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ca_campaign%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ca_kw%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_i%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22scode%22%3A%2210103000312%22%2C%22keyword%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_keywordid%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_transid%22%3A%22%22%2C%22platform%22%3A%221%22%2C%22version%22%3A1%2C%22track_id%22%3A%227534369675321344%22%2C%22display_finance_flag%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22client_ab%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22guid%22%3A%22c129325e-6fea-4fd0-dea5-3632997e0419%22%2C%22ca_city%22%3A%22bj%22%2C%22sessionid%22%3A%225f3261c7-27a6-4bd6-e909-f70312d46c39%22%7D; preTime=%7B%22last%22%3A1572953403%2C%22this%22%3A1572951534%2C%22pre%22%3A1572951534%7D',
            }
            brand_url = 'https://www.guazi.com' + url.split('/#')[0] + '/o%s/#bread'  # 拼接每个品牌汽车的url
            for i in range(1, 3):
                html = etree.HTML(get_content(brand_url % i, headers=headers))
                get_info(html)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()
    
    

    多线程:

    import requests, threading
    from lxml import etree
    from queue import Queue
    
    
    class Guazi(threading.Thread):
        def __init__(self, list_=None):
            super().__init__()
            self.base_url = 'https://www.guazi.com/bj/buy/'
            self.headers = {
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
                'Cookie': 'track_id=7534369675321344; uuid=c129325e-6fea-4fd0-dea5-3632997e0419; antipas=wL2L859nHt69349594j71850u61; cityDomain=bj; clueSourceCode=10103000312%2300; user_city_id=12; ganji_uuid=6616956591030214317551; sessionid=5f3261c7-27a6-4bd6-e909-f70312d46c39; lg=1; cainfo=%7B%22ca_a%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_b%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_s%22%3A%22pz_baidu%22%2C%22ca_n%22%3A%22tbmkbturl%22%2C%22ca_medium%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_term%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_content%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ca_campaign%22%3A%22%22%2C%22ca_kw%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_i%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22scode%22%3A%2210103000312%22%2C%22keyword%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_keywordid%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22ca_transid%22%3A%22%22%2C%22platform%22%3A%221%22%2C%22version%22%3A1%2C%22track_id%22%3A%227534369675321344%22%2C%22display_finance_flag%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22client_ab%22%3A%22-%22%2C%22guid%22%3A%22c129325e-6fea-4fd0-dea5-3632997e0419%22%2C%22ca_city%22%3A%22bj%22%2C%22sessionid%22%3A%225f3261c7-27a6-4bd6-e909-f70312d46c39%22%7D; preTime=%7B%22last%22%3A1572951901%2C%22this%22%3A1572951534%2C%22pre%22%3A1572951534%7D',
            }
            self.list_ = list_
    
        # 获取网页的源码
        def get_content(self, url, headers):
            response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
            return response.text
    
        # 获取子页原代码
        def get_info(self, text):
            item = {}
            title_list = text.xpath('//ul[@class="carlist clearfix js-top"]/li/a/@title')
            price_list = text.xpath('//div[@class="t-price"]/p/text()')
            year_list = text.xpath('//div[@class="t-i"]/text()[1]')
            millon_list = text.xpath('//div[@class="t-i"]/text()[2]')
            picture_list = text.xpath('//ul[@class="carlist clearfix js-top"]/li/a/img/@src')
            details_list = text.xpath('//ul[@class="carlist clearfix js-top"]/li/a/@href')
            for i, title in enumerate(title_list):
                item['标题'] = title
                item['价格'] = price_list[i] + '万'
                item['公里数'] = millon_list[i]
                item['年份'] = year_list[i]
                item['照片链接'] = picture_list[i]
                item['详情页链接'] = 'https://www.guazi.com' + details_list[i]
                print(item)
    
        # 获取汽车链接列表
        def get_carsurl(self):
            html = etree.HTML(self.get_content(self.base_url, self.headers))
            brand_url_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="dd-all clearfix js-brand js-option-hid-info"]/ul/li/p/a/@href')
            brand_url_list = ['https://www.guazi.com' + url.split('/#')[0] + '/o%s/#bread' for url in brand_url_list]
            return brand_url_list
    
        def run(self):
            while True:
                if self.list_.empty():
                    break
                url = self.list_.get()
                for i in range(1, 3):
                    html = etree.HTML(self.get_content(url % i, headers=self.headers))
                    self.get_info(html)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        q = Queue()
        gz = Guazi()
        cars_url = gz.get_carsurl()
        for car in cars_url:
            q.put(car)
            # 创建一个列表,列表的数量就是开启线程的树木
        crawl_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
        for crawl in crawl_list:
            # 实例化对象
            car = Guazi(list_=q)
            car.start()
    
    

    结果:
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第21张图片


    案例20:爬取链家网北京每个区域的所有房子(selenium+Phantomjs+多线程)

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第22张图片

    #爬取链家二手房信息。
    # 要求:
    # 1.爬取的字段:
    # 名称,房间规模、价格,建设时间,朝向,详情页链接
    # 2.写三个文件:
    # 1.简单py 2.面向对象 3.改成多线程
    
    from selenium import webdriver
    from lxml import etree
    
    
    def get_element(url):
        driver.get(url)
        html = etree.HTML(driver.page_source)
        return html
    
    
    lis = []  # 存放所有区域包括房子
    driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
    html = get_element('https://bj.lianjia.com/ershoufang/')
    city_list = html.xpath('//div[@data-role="ershoufang"]/div/a/@href')
    city_name_list = html.xpath('//div[@data-role="ershoufang"]/div/a/text()')
    for num, city in enumerate(city_list):
        item = {}  # 存放一个区域
        sum_house = []  # 存放每个区域的房子
        item['区域'] = city_name_list[num]  # 城区名字
        for page in range(1, 3):
            city_url = 'https://bj.lianjia.com' + city + 'pg' + str(page)
            html = get_element(city_url)
            '''名称, 房间规模,建设时间, 朝向, 详情页链接'''
            title_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="info clear"]/div/a/text()')  # 所有标题
            detail_url_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="info clear"]/div/a/@href')  # 所有详情页
            detail_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="houseInfo"]/text()')  # 该页所有的房子信息列表,
            city_price_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="totalPrice"]/span/text()')
            for i, content in enumerate(title_list):
                house = {}
                detail = detail_list[i].split('|')
                house['名称'] = content  # 名称
                house['价格']=city_price_list[i]+'万'#价格
                house['规模'] = detail[0] + detail[1]  # 规模
                house['建设时间'] = detail[-2]  # 建设时间
                house['朝向'] = detail[2]  # 朝向
                house['详情链接'] = detail_url_list[i]  # 详情链接
                sum_house.append(house)
        item['二手房'] = sum_house
        print(item)
        lis.append(item)
    
    

    面向对象+多线程:

    import json, threading
    from selenium import webdriver
    from lxml import etree
    from queue import Queue
    
    
    class Lianjia(threading.Thread):
        def __init__(self, city_list=None, city_name_list=None):
            super().__init__()
            self.driver = webdriver.PhantomJS()
            self.city_name_list = city_name_list
            self.city_list = city_list
    
        def get_element(self, url):  # 获取element对象的
            self.driver.get(url)
            html = etree.HTML(self.driver.page_source)
            return html
    
        def get_city(self):
            html = self.get_element('https://bj.lianjia.com/ershoufang/')
            city_list = html.xpath('//div[@data-role="ershoufang"]/div/a/@href')
            city_list = ['https://bj.lianjia.com' + url + 'pg%s' for url in city_list]
            city_name_list = html.xpath('//div[@data-role="ershoufang"]/div/a/text()')
            return city_list, city_name_list
    
        def run(self):
            lis = []  # 存放所有区域包括房子
            while True:
                if self.city_name_list.empty() and self.city_list.empty():
                    break
                item = {}  # 存放一个区域
                sum_house = []  # 存放每个区域的房子
                item['区域'] = self.city_name_list.get()  # 城区名字
                for page in range(1, 3):
                    # print(self.city_list.get())
                    html = self.get_element(self.city_list.get() % page)
                    '''名称, 房间规模,建设时间, 朝向, 详情页链接'''
                    title_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="info clear"]/div/a/text()')  # 所有标题
                    detail_url_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="info clear"]/div/a/@href')  # 所有详情页
                    detail_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="houseInfo"]/text()')  # 该页所有的房子信息列表,
                    for i, content in enumerate(title_list):
                        house = {}
                        detail = detail_list[i].split('|')
                        house['名称'] = content  # 名称
                        house['规模'] = detail[0] + detail[1]  # 规模
                        house['建设时间'] = detail[-2]  # 建设时间
                        house['朝向'] = detail[2]  # 朝向
                        house['详情链接'] = detail_url_list[i]  # 详情链接
                        sum_house.append(house)
                item['二手房'] = sum_house
                lis.append(item)
                print(item)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        q1 = Queue()#路由
        q2 = Queue()#名字
        lj = Lianjia()
        city_url, city_name = lj.get_city()
        for c in city_url:
            q1.put(c)
        for c in city_name:
            q2.put(c)
            # 创建一个列表,列表的数量就是开启线程的数量
        crawl_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
        for crawl in crawl_list:
            # 实例化对象
            LJ = Lianjia(city_name_list=q2,city_list=q1)
            LJ.start()
    
    

    结果:
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第23张图片


    案例21:爬取笔趣阁的所有小说(requests)

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第24张图片
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第25张图片

    import requests
    from lxml import etree
    
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
        'Referer': 'http://www.xbiquge.la/7/7931/',
        'Cookie': '_abcde_qweasd=0; BAIDU_SSP_lcr=https://www.baidu.com/link?url=jUBgtRGIR19uAr-RE9YV9eHokjmGaII9Ivfp8FJIwV7&wd=&eqid=9ecb04b9000cdd69000000035dc3f80e; Hm_lvt_169609146ffe5972484b0957bd1b46d6=1573124137; _abcde_qweasd=0; bdshare_firstime=1573124137783; Hm_lpvt_169609146ffe5972484b0957bd1b46d6=1573125463',
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate'
    }
    
    
    # 获取网站源码
    def get_text(url, headers):
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        response.encoding = 'utf-8'
        return response.text
    
    
    # 获取小说的信息
    def get_novelinfo(list1, name_list):
        for i, url in enumerate(list1):
            html = etree.HTML(get_text(url, headers))
            name = name_list[i]  # 书名
            title_url = html.xpath('//div[@id="list"]/dl/dd/a/@href')
            title_url = ['http://www.xbiquge.la' + i for i in title_url]  # 章节地址
            titlename_list = html.xpath('//div[@id="list"]/dl/dd/a/text()')  # 章节名字列表
            get_content(title_url, titlename_list, name)
    
    
    # # 获取小说每章节的内容
    def get_content(url_list, title_list, name):
        for i, url in enumerate(url_list):
            item = {}
            html = etree.HTML(get_text(url, headers))
            content_list = html.xpath('//div[@id="content"]/text()')
            content = ''.join(content_list)
            content=content+'\n'
            item['title'] = title_list[i]
            item['content'] = content.replace('\r\r', '\n').replace('\xa0', ' ')
            print(item)
            with open(name + '.txt', 'a+',encoding='utf-8') as file:
                file.write(item['title']+'\n')
                file.write(item['content'])
    
    
    
    def main():
        base_url = 'http://www.xbiquge.la/xiaoshuodaquan/'
        html = etree.HTML(get_text(base_url, headers))
        novelurl_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="novellist"]/ul/li/a/@href')
        name_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="novellist"]/ul/li/a/text()')
        get_novelinfo(novelurl_list, name_list)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()
    
    

    多线程

    import requests, threading
    from lxml import etree
    from queue import Queue
    
    
    class Novel(threading.Thread):
        def __init__(self, novelurl_list=None, name_list=None):
            super().__init__()
            self.headers = {
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
                'Referer': 'http://www.xbiquge.la/7/7931/',
                'Cookie': '_abcde_qweasd=0; BAIDU_SSP_lcr=https://www.baidu.com/link?url=jUBgtRGIR19uAr-RE9YV9eHokjmGaII9Ivfp8FJIwV7&wd=&eqid=9ecb04b9000cdd69000000035dc3f80e; Hm_lvt_169609146ffe5972484b0957bd1b46d6=1573124137; _abcde_qweasd=0; bdshare_firstime=1573124137783; Hm_lpvt_169609146ffe5972484b0957bd1b46d6=1573125463',
                'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate'
            }
            self.novelurl_list = novelurl_list
            self.name_list = name_list
    
        # 获取网站源码
        def get_text(self, url):
            response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers)
            response.encoding = 'utf-8'
            return response.text
    
        # 获取小说的信息
        def get_novelinfo(self):
            while True:
                if self.name_list.empty() and self.novelurl_list.empty():
                    break
                url = self.novelurl_list.get()
                # print(url)
                html = etree.HTML(self.get_text(url))
                name = self.name_list.get()  # 书名
                # print(name)
                title_url = html.xpath('//div[@id="list"]/dl/dd/a/@href')
                title_url = ['http://www.xbiquge.la' + i for i in title_url]  # 章节地址
                titlename_list = html.xpath('//div[@id="list"]/dl/dd/a/text()')  # 章节名字列表
                self.get_content(title_url, titlename_list, name)
    
        # # 获取小说每章节的内容
        def get_content(self, url_list, title_list, name):
            for i, url in enumerate(url_list):
                item = {}
                html = etree.HTML(self.get_text(url))
                content_list = html.xpath('//div[@id="content"]/text()')
                content = ''.join(content_list)
                content = content + '\n'
                item['title'] = title_list[i]
                item['content'] = content.replace('\r\r', '\n').replace('\xa0', ' ')
                print(item)
                with open(name + '.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf-8') as file:
                    file.write(item['title'] + '\n')
                    file.write(item['content'])
    
       #------------------通过多线程,返回每本书的名字和每本书的连接
        def get_name_url(self):
            base_url = 'http://www.xbiquge.la/xiaoshuodaquan/'
            html = etree.HTML(self.get_text(base_url))
            novelurl_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="novellist"]/ul/li/a/@href')
            name_list = html.xpath('//div[@class="novellist"]/ul/li/a/text()')
            return novelurl_list, name_list
    
        def run(self):
            self.get_novelinfo()
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        n = Novel()
        url_list, name_list = n.get_name_url()
        name_queue = Queue()
        url_queue = Queue()
        for url in url_list:
            url_queue.put(url)
        for name in name_list:
            name_queue.put(name)
    
        crawl_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]  # 定义五个线程
        for crawl in crawl_list:
            # 实例化对象
            novel = Novel(name_list=name_queue, novelurl_list=url_queue)
            novel.start()
    
    

    结果:
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第26张图片


    案例22:爬取菜鸟教程的python100例

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第27张图片

    import requests
    from lxml import etree
    
    base_url = 'https://www.runoob.com/python/python-exercise-example%s.html'
    
    
    def get_element(url):
        headers = {
            'cookie': '__gads=Test; Hm_lvt_3eec0b7da6548cf07db3bc477ea905ee=1573454862,1573470948,1573478656,1573713819; Hm_lpvt_3eec0b7da6548cf07db3bc477ea905ee=1573714018; SERVERID=fb669a01438a4693a180d7ad8d474adb|1573713997|1573713863',
            'referer': 'https://www.runoob.com/python/python-100-examples.html',
            'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36'
        }
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        return etree.HTML(response.text)
    
    
    def write_py(i, text):
        with open('练习实例%s.py' % i, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as file:
            file.write(text)
    
    
    def main():
        for i in range(1, 101):
            html = get_element(base_url % i)
            content = '题目:' + html.xpath('//div[@id="content"]/p[2]/text()')[0] + '\n'
            fenxi = html.xpath('//div[@id="content"]/p[position()>=2]/text()')[0]
            daima = ''.join(html.xpath('//div[@class="hl-main"]/span/text()')) + '\n'
            haha = '"""\n' + content + fenxi + daima + '\n"""'
            write_py(i, haha)
            print(fenxi)
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()
    
    

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第28张图片


    案例23:爬取新浪微博头条前20页(ajax+mysql)

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第29张图片

    import requests, pymysql
    from lxml import etree
    
    
    def get_element(i):
        base_url = 'https://weibo.com/a/aj/transform/loadingmoreunlogin?'
        headers = {
            'Referer': 'https://weibo.com/?category=1760',
            'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'cors',
            'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'same-origin',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
            'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'
        }
        params = {
            'ajwvr': '6',
            'category': '1760',
            'page': i,
            'lefnav': '0',
            'cursor': '',
            '__rnd': '1573735870072',
        }
        response = requests.get(base_url, headers=headers, params=params)
        response.encoding = 'utf-8'
        info = response.json()
        return etree.HTML(info['data'])
    
    
    def main():
        for i in range(1, 20):
            html = get_element(i)
            # 标题,发布人,发布时间,详情链接
            title = html.xpath('//a[@class="S_txt1"]/text()')
            author_time = html.xpath('//span[@class]/text()')
            author = [author_time[i] for i in range(len(author_time)) if i % 2 == 0]
            time = [author_time[i] for i in range(len(author_time)) if i % 2 == 1]
            url = html.xpath('//a[@class="S_txt1"]/@href')
            for j,tit in enumerate(title):
                title1=tit
                time1=time[j]
                url1=url[j]
                author1=author[j]
                # print(title1,url1,time1,author1)
                connect_mysql(title1,time1,author1,url1)
    
    def connect_mysql(title, time, author, url):
        db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', password='123456',database='news')
        cursor = db.cursor()
        sql = 'insert into sina_news(title,send_time,author,url) values("' + title + '","' + time + '","' + author + '","' + url + '")'
        print(sql)
        cursor.execute(sql)
        db.commit()
        cursor.close()
        db.close()
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()
    
    

    提前创库news和表sina_news

    create table sina_news(
    	id int not null auto_increment primary key,
    	title varchar(100),
    	send_time varchar(100),
    	author varchar(20),
    	url varchar(100)
    );
    

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第30张图片


    案例24:爬取搜狗指定图片(requests+多线程)

    ```python
    import requests, json, threading, time, os
    from queue import Queue
    
    
    class Picture(threading.Thread):
        # 初始化
        def __init__(self, num, search, url_queue=None):
            super().__init__()
            self.headers = {
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36'
            }
            self.num = num
            self.search = search
    
        # 获取爬取的页数的每页图片接口url
        def get_url(self):
            url_list = []
            for start in range(self.num):
                url = 'https://pic.sogou.com/pics?query=' + self.search + '&mode=1&start=' + str(
                    start * 48) + '&reqType=ajax&reqFrom=result&tn=0'
                url_list.append(url)
            return url_list
    
        # 获取每页的接口资源详情
        def get_page(self, url):
            response = requests.get(url.format('蔡徐坤'), headers=self.headers)
            return response.text
    
        #
        def run(self):
            while True:
                # 如果队列为空代表制定页数爬取完毕
                if url_queue.empty():
                    break
                else:
                    url = url_queue.get()  # 本页地址
                    data = json.loads(self.get_page(url))  # 获取到本页图片接口资源
                    try:
                        # 每页48张图片
                        for i in range(1, 49):
                            pic = data['items'][i]['pic_url']
                            reponse = requests.get(pic)
                            # 如果文件夹不存在,则创建
                            if not os.path.exists(r'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/' + self.search):
                                os.mkdir(r'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/' + self.search)
                            with open(r'C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/' + self.search + '/%s.jpg' % (
                                    str(time.time()).replace('.', '_')), 'wb') as f:
                                f.write(reponse.content)
                                print('下载成功!')
                    except:
                        print('该页图片保存完毕')
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        # 1.获取初始化的爬取url
        num = int(input('请输入爬取页数(每页48张):'))
        content = input('请输入爬取内容:')
        pic = Picture(num, content)
        url_list = pic.get_url()
        # 2.创建队列
        url_queue = Queue()
        for i in url_list:
            url_queue.put(i)
        # 3.创建线程任务
        crawl = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
        for i in crawl:
            pic = Picture(num, content, url_queue=url_queue)
            pic.start()
    
    

    案例25:爬取链家网北京所有房子(requests+多线程)

    链家:https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/

    • 1、获取所有的城市的拼音
    • 2、根据拼音去拼接url,获取所有的数据。
    • 3、列表页:楼盘名称,均价,建筑面积,区域,商圈详情页:户型([“8室5厅8卫”, “4室2厅3卫”, “5室2厅2卫”]),朝向,图片(列表),用户点评(选爬)

    难点1:
    当该区没房子的时候,猜你喜欢这个会和有房子的块class一样,因此需要判断
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第31张图片
    难点2:
    获取每个区的页数,使用js将页数隐藏
    https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/区/pg页数%s
    我们可以发现规律,明明三页,当我们写pg5时候,会跳转第一页
    因此我们可以使用while判断,当每个房子的链接和该区最大房子数相等代表该区爬取完毕
    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第32张图片

    完整代码:

    import requests
    from lxml import etree
    
    
    # 获取网页源码
    def get_html(url):
        headers = {
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
        }
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        return response.text
    
    
    # 获取城市拼音列表
    def get_city_url():
        url = 'https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/'
        html = etree.HTML(get_html(url))
        city = html.xpath('//div[@class="filter-by-area-container"]/ul/li/@data-district-spell')
        city_url = ['https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/{}/pg%s'.format(i) for i in city]
        return city_url
    
    
    # 爬取对应区的所有房子url
    def get_detail(url):
        # 使用第一页来判断是否有分页
        html = etree.HTML(get_html(url % (1)))
        empty = html.xpath('//div[@class="no-result-wrapper hide"]')
        if len(empty) != 0:  # 不存在此标签代表没有猜你喜欢
            i = 1
            max_house = html.xpath('//span[@class="value"]/text()')[0]
            house_url = []
            while True:  # 分页
                html = etree.HTML(get_html(url % (i)))
                house_url += html.xpath('//ul[@class="resblock-list-wrapper"]/li/a/@href')
                i += 1
                if len(house_url) == int(max_house):
                    break
            detail_url = ['https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/' + i for i in house_url]  # 该区所有房子的url
            info(detail_url)
    
    
    # 获取每个房子的详细信息
    def info(url):
        for i in url:
            item = {}
            page = etree.HTML(get_html(i))
            item['name'] = page.xpath('//h2[@class="DATA-PROJECT-NAME"]/text()')[0]
            item['price_num'] = page.xpath('//span[@class="price-number"]/text()')[0] + page.xpath(
                '//span[@class="price-unit"]/text()')[0]
            detail_page = etree.HTML(get_html(i + 'xiangqing'))
            item['type'] = detail_page.xpath('//ul[@class="x-box"]/li[1]/span[2]/text()')[0]
            item['address'] = detail_page.xpath('//ul[@class="x-box"]/li[5]/span[2]/text()')[0]
            item['shop_address'] = detail_page.xpath('//ul[@class="x-box"]/li[6]/span[2]/text()')[0]
            print(item)
    
    
    def main():
        # 1、获取所有的城市的拼音
        city = get_city_url()
        # 2、根据拼音去拼接url,获取所有的数据。
        for url in city:
            get_detail(url)
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()
    
    
    

    爬虫25个案例大全(持续更新中...)_第33张图片

    多线程版:

    import requests, threading
    from lxml import etree
    from queue import Queue
    import pymongo
    
    class House(threading.Thread):
        def __init__(self, q=None):
            super().__init__()
            self.headers = {
                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/77.0.3865.90 Safari/537.36',
            }
            self.q = q
    
        # 获取网页源码
        def get_html(self, url):
            response = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers)
            return response.text
    
        # 获取城市拼音列表
        def get_city_url(self):
            url = 'https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/'
            html = etree.HTML(self.get_html(url))
            city = html.xpath('//div[@class="filter-by-area-container"]/ul/li/@data-district-spell')
            city_url = ['https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/loupan/{}/pg%s'.format(i) for i in city]
            return city_url
    
        # 爬取对应区的所有房子url
        def get_detail(self, url):
            # 使用第一页来判断是否有分页
            html = etree.HTML(self.get_html(url % (1)))
            empty = html.xpath('//div[@class="no-result-wrapper hide"]')
            if len(empty) != 0:  # 不存在此标签代表没有猜你喜欢
                i = 1
                max_house = html.xpath('//span[@class="value"]/text()')[0]
                house_url = []
                while True:  # 分页
                    html = etree.HTML(self.get_html(url % (i)))
                    house_url += html.xpath('//ul[@class="resblock-list-wrapper"]/li/a/@href')
                    i += 1
                    if len(house_url) == int(max_house):
                        break
                detail_url = ['https://bj.fang.lianjia.com/' + i for i in house_url]  # 该区所有房子的url
                self.info(detail_url)
    
        # 获取每个房子的详细信息
        def info(self, url):
            for i in url:
                item = {}
                page = etree.HTML(self.get_html(i))
                item['name'] = page.xpath('//h2[@class="DATA-PROJECT-NAME"]/text()')[0]
                item['price_num'] = page.xpath('//span[@class="price-number"]/text()')[0] + page.xpath(
                    '//span[@class="price-unit"]/text()')[0]
                detail_page = etree.HTML(self.get_html(i + 'xiangqing'))
                item['type'] = detail_page.xpath('//ul[@class="x-box"]/li[1]/span[2]/text()')[0]
                item['address'] = detail_page.xpath('//ul[@class="x-box"]/li[5]/span[2]/text()')[0]
                item['shop_address'] = detail_page.xpath('//ul[@class="x-box"]/li[6]/span[2]/text()')[0]
                print(item)
    
        def run(self):
            # 1、获取所有的城市的拼音
            # city = self.get_city_url()
            # 2、根据拼音去拼接url,获取所有的数据。
            while True:
                if self.q.empty():
                    break
                self.get_detail(self.q.get())
    
    
    if __name__ == '__main__':
        # 1.先获取区列表
        house = House()
        city_list = house.get_city_url()
        # 2.将去加入队列
        q = Queue()
        for i in city_list:
            q.put(i)
        # 3.创建线程任务
        a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
        for i in a:
            p = House(q)
            p.start()
    

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