第二章作者暂时把讲刻意练习放一边，让我们先了解我们大脑的秘密。两个实验，分别说明大脑结构和功能是可以改变的。我们有无限潜能的大脑。
Part1 概述：
We already know enough to have a clear idea of how purposeful practice and deliberate practice work to increase both our physical and mental capabilities and make it possible to do things that we never could before.
作者观点：
脑组织和肌肉组织一样是可以通过训练的改变的。
一般性错误观点：
成年后，在脑神经网络形成定式。
The general belief was that once a person reached adulthood, the wiring of his or her brain was pretty much fixed.
有越来越多的证据表明，不同的脑力训练会引起大脑结构和功能的变化，跟身体的肌肉训练和心肺训练类似。哇，听起来很有趣。作者用两个实验，分别说明不同的脑力训练对大脑结构或功能的变化：
1. 实验一：结构改变
伦敦的cabbie 牛逼闪闪吧，人肉gps, 内嵌google map, 超级牛逼的记忆和处理能力。
大脑结构变化：大脑的海马体hippocampus组织跟你的记忆力有关，所以牛闪闪的伦墩出租车司机在长年的脑力训练后，海马体的后部组织变大了。
The posterior hippocampi of the taxi drivers are equally “bulked up,” but with brain tissue, not muscle fiber.
改变：拥有超级牛逼的记忆和处理能力
Half or more of the prospective drivers end up dropping out, but those who stay with it and earn their licenses have internalized London to a degree that Google Maps, with its satellite images, camera cars, and unfathomable memory and processing power, can only vaguely approximate.
2. 实验二：功能改变
盲人读盲文的实验
大脑功能变化：
visual cortex视表层
正常视力的人，看东西时会刺激visual cortex视表层，而读盲文的盲人的视表层会被什么刺激？是指尖的触觉
实验结论：
“These studies of brain plasticity in blind subjects—and similar studies in deaf subjects—tell us that the brain’s structure and function are not fixed. They change in response to use. It is possible to shape the brain—your brain, my brain, anybody’s brain—in the ways that we desire through conscious, deliberate training.”
If you practice something enough, your brain will repurpose neurons to help with the task even if they already have another job to do.
大脑的结构和功能不是固定的，足够练习，你的大脑会重新塑造神经元以便帮助你完全这项任务。
Part 2 词和表达
1. squiggle
原文：They curve and they squiggle.
curve和squiggle同义，在一起用很朗朗上口。
squiggle蜿蜒 curve弯曲
2. convoluted
原文：...with the endpoints becoming more obscure and the routes longer, more complicated, and more convoluted.
费解的;复杂难懂的；If you describe a sentence, idea, or system as convoluted, you mean that it is complicated and difficult to understand
跟complicated同义
仿：I am always confused by convoluted policies on life insurance.
3. light up
原文：In people with normal sight, the visual cortex would light up in response to input from the eyes...
light up 这个词组我们很熟悉，有点亮的思意，在这个句子里应该理解为刺激
4. boon
原文：The consequences are a boon for optometrists and opticians and a bother for the over-fifty crowd, nearly all of whom need glasses to read or perform close-up work.”
boon:给生活带来方便的事物；You can describe something as a boon when it makes life better or easier for someone.
It could be a boon to farms reducing the taxes.
Part3 感悟
老花眼的例子挺有趣，练习改变的不是你的视力，是你的脑组织，改变的是你对图象的识别能力。我以前有一本书，叫《12周摘掉你的眼镜》，是买书送的，一直认为这个不科学，看来可以找来翻一翻，看来看有没有类似的观点在里面。
另外，这周本来打算每一章写一篇笔记，结果看到群里的笔记热火朝天，那就有时间就多些一篇吧。