用Python的Flask框架写微信小程序及其管理网页后台（实现篇）

代码实现篇

创建数据库

• 利用命令提示符登录数据库（方法在准备篇，这里不做阐述）
• 创建一个名为db_info的数据库(SQL语句)

  create database db_info charset utf8;
  

代码框架

主程序（app.py）

• app.py

  from flask import Flask, render_template, request, make_response, send_file
  from models import Admin, Student, Project
  from exts import db
  import config, os
  from methods import get_Info, to_Data, to_List, to_Json, new_avatar_name, create_xlsx
  from flask_cors import *
  
  app = Flask(__name__)
  CORS(app, supports_credentials = True) # 解决跨域问题
  
  app.config.from_object(config)
  db.init_app(app)
  
  url = "http://127.0.0.1:5000/"
  
  @app.route('/')
  def index():
      #return render_template('index.html')
      return ("首页")
  
  @app.route('/login', methods=['POST']) # 登录
  def login():
      data = to_Data()
      account = data['account']
      password = data['password']
      if account and password:
          admin = Admin.query.filter(Admin.Adminaccount == account, Admin.Password == password).first()
          if admin:
              return ("1")
      return ("0")	
  
  @app.route('/by_input', methods = ['POST']) # 按输入查询
  def by_input():
      data = to_Data() # 将json转为字典
      input = data['input']
      page = data['page']
      if input and page:
          info = get_Info(input = input) #从数据库获取成员信息
          list = to_List(info, page) #将数据转为列表
          data = to_Json(list) #将列表数据转为json
          return data
      return ("0")
  
  
  @app.route('/by_name', methods = ['POST']) # 按姓名查询
  def by_name():
      data = to_Data()
      sname = data['name']
      page = data['page']
      if sname and page:
          info = get_Info(sname = sname)
          list = to_List(info, page)
          data = to_Json(list)
          return data
      return ("0")
  
  @app.route('/by_group', methods = ['POST']) # 按组别查询
  def by_group():
      data = to_Data()
      group = data['group']
      page = data['page']
      if group and page:
          info = get_Info(group = group)
          list = to_List(info, page)
          data = to_Json(list)
          return data
      return ("0")
  
  @app.route('/by_grade', methods = ['POST']) # 按年级查询
  def by_grade():
      data = to_Data()
      grade = data['grade']
      page = data['page']
      if grade and page:
          info = get_Info(grade = grade)
          list = to_List(info, page)
          data = to_Json(list)
          return data
      return ("0")
  
  @app.route('/by_name_group', methods=['POST']) # 按姓名、组别查询
  def by_name_group():
      data = to_Data()
      sname = data['name']
      group = data['group']
      page = data['page']
      if sname and group and page:
          info = get_Info(sname = sname, group = group)
          list = to_List(info, page)
          data = to_Json(list)
          return data
      return ("0")
  
  @app.route('/by_name_grade', methods=['POST']) # 按姓名、年级
  def by_name_grade():
      data = to_Data()
      sname = data['name']
      grade = data['grade']
      page = data['page']
      if sname and grade and page:
          info = get_Info(sname = sname, grade = grade)
          list = to_List(info, page)
          data = to_Json(list)
          return data
      return ("0")
  
  @app.route('/by_group_grade', methods=['POST']) # 按组别、年级
  def by_group_grade():
      data = to_Data()
      group = data['group']
      grade = data['grade']
      page = data['page']
      if group and grade and page:
          info = get_Info(group = group, grade = grade)
          list = to_List(info, page)
          data = to_Json(list)
          return data
      return ("0")
  
  @app.route('/by_name_group_grade', methods=['POST']) # 按姓名、组别、年级查询
  def by_name_group_grade():
      data = to_Data()
      sname = data['name']
      group = data['group']
      grade = data['grade']
      page = data['page']
      if sname and group and grade and page:
          info = get_Info(sname = sname, group = group, grade = grade)
          list = to_List(info, page)
          data = to_Json(list)
          return data
      return ("0")
  
  @app.route('/up/image', methods=['POST']) # 上传头像
  def up_image():
      sno = request.form.get('sno')
      # sno = "20182109xxxx"
      avatar = request.files['image_data'] # 上传图片数据名
      if sno and avatar:
          student = Student.query.filter(Student.SNo == sno).first()  # 查找相应成员
          if student:
              basedir = os.path.dirname(__file__) # 运行路径
              avatar_path = os.path.join(basedir, 'static\image', new_avatar_name(avatar.filename)) # 重命名后合成文件在服务器的路径
              avatar_path = avatar_path.replace('\\','/') # 若不换成/ Linux服务器会报错  位置:static/image/*.jpg
              avatar.save(avatar_path) # 保存文件
              avatar_url = url + avatar_path # 合成头像访问路径
  
              old_url = student.Avatar
              if old_url: # 判断是否存在，若存在删除存储的旧头像
                  old_url = old_url.replace(url,'') # 除去路径中的url
                  os.remove(old_url)
  
              student.Avatar = avatar_url # 将链接存储在数据库
              db.session.add(student)
              db.session.commit()
              return ("1")
      return ("0")
  
  @app.route('/add_change/info', methods=['POST']) # 添加或修改成员数据
  def add_change_info():
      data = to_Data()
      sno = data['sno']
      avatar = url + "static/image/0.png" # 默认头像
      sname = data['name']
      grade = data['grade']
      group = data['group']
      ID = data['ID']  # 从前端获取得需要修改数据项目的ID列表
      state = data['state'] # 添加或修改
      data_pro = data['project_arr']
  
      telephone = data['contact']['phone']
      wechat = data['contact']['wx']
      qq = data['contact']['qq']
      mailbox = data['contact']['email']
      other = data['contact']['other']
  
      occupation = data['graduation']['job']
      workaddress = data['graduation']['address']
      direction = data['graduation']['study']
  
      if sno and sname and grade and group:
          if state == 0: # 修改
              student = Student.query.filter(Student.SNo == sno).first()
              # student.SNo = sno # 学号作为主键不可更改
              student.SName = sname
              student.Group = group
              student.Grade = grade
              student.Telephone = telephone
              student.WeChat = wechat
              student.QQ = qq
              student.MailBox = mailbox
              student.Other = other
              student.Occupation = occupation
              student.WorkAddress = workaddress
              student.Direction = direction
              db.session.add(student) # 修改成员数据
              db.session.commit() # 提交
  
              for data in data_pro:
                  if data['ID'] == 0:
                      project = data['name']
                      award = data['prize']
                      code = data['code']
                      project = Project(SNo=sno, Project=project, Award=award, Code=code)
                      db.session.add(project)  # 添加项目数据
                      db.session.commit()
              if ID:
                  for id in ID:
                      project = Project.query.filter(Project.ID == id).first()
                      if project:
                          for data in data_pro:
                              if data['ID'] == id:
                                  project.Project = data['name']
                                  project.Award = data['prize']
                                  project.Code = data['code']
                                  db.session.add(project) # 修改项目数据
                                  db.session.commit()
              return ("1")
  
          elif state == 1: # 增加
              student = Student.query.filter(Student.SNo == sno).first()
              if not student:
                  student = Student(SNo=sno, Avatar=avatar, SName=sname, Grade=grade, Group=group, Telephone=telephone, WeChat=wechat,
                                    QQ=qq, MailBox=mailbox, Other=other, Occupation=occupation, WorkAddress=workaddress, Direction=direction)
                  db.session.add(student) # 添加成员数据
                  db.session.commit() # 提交
                  for data in data_pro:
                      project = data['name']
                      award = data['prize']
                      code = data['code']
                      project = Project(SNo=sno, Project=project, Award=award, Code=code)
                      db.session.add(project) # 添加项目数据
                      db.session.commit()
                  return ("1")
              return ("0") # 成员已经存在
      return ("-1") # 学号、姓名不能为空
  
  @app.route('/delete/info', methods = ['POST']) # 删除成员
  def delete_info():
      data = to_Data()
      sno = data['sno']
      if sno:
          student = Student.query.filter(Student.SNo == sno).first()
          if student:
              old_url = student.Avatar
              if old_url:  # 删除存储在服务器的头像
                  old_url = old_url.replace(url, '')  # 除去路径中的url
                  os.remove(old_url)
              Student.query.filter(Student.SNo == sno).delete() # 删除
              db.session.commit()
              return ("1")
      return ("0")
  
  @app.route('/delete/pro', methods=['POST']) # 删除项目
  def delete_pro():
      data = to_Data()
      ID = data['ID']
      if ID:
          Project.query.filter(Project.ID == ID).delete()
          db.session.commit()
          return ("1")
      return ("0")
  
  @app.route('/excel')
  def excel():
      info = Student.query.filter().all()
      excel_path = create_xlsx(info)
      if excel_path:
          response = make_response(send_file(excel_path))
          response.headers["Content-Disposition"] = "attachment; filename = {}".format('新思路成员信息一览表.xls'.encode().decode('latin-1'))
          # 将文件名（中文）utf-8编码转成 latin-1 编码
          return response
      return ("0")
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      # app.run(host = '0.0.0.0', port = 80) # 若要配置在服务器上
      app.run()
  

扩展（exts.py）

• exts.py

  from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
  db = SQLAlchemy()
  

主程序用到的方法（methods.py）

• methods.py

  from flask import request
  import json, re, datetime, random, os
  from models import Student, Project
  from werkzeug.utils import secure_filename
  import xlwt # 向excel表格写数据的库
  
  def get_Info(sname = None, group = None, grade = None, input = None):
      info = None
      if sname:
          sname = re.sub(' ', "", sname) # 除去空格
          sname = re.sub('\d+', "", sname) # 提取姓名
  
      if sname and group and grade:
          info = Student.query.filter(Student.SName == sname, Student.Group == group, Student.Grade == grade).all()
          if not info: # 模糊查询
              sname = "%" + sname + "%" # 模糊条件
              info = Student.query.filter(Student.SName.like(sname)).all()
      elif sname and group:
          info = Student.query.filter(Student.SName == sname, Student.Group == group).all()
          if not info: # 模糊查询
              sname = "%" + sname + "%" # 模糊条件
              info = Student.query.filter(Student.SName.like(sname)).all()
      elif sname and grade:
          info = Student.query.filter(Student.SName == sname, Student.Grade == grade).all()
          if not info: # 模糊查询
              sname = "%" + sname + "%" # 模糊条件
              info = Student.query.filter(Student.SName.like(sname)).all()
      elif group and grade:
          info = Student.query.filter(Student.Group == group, Student.Grade == grade).all()
      elif sname:
          info = Student.query.filter(Student.SName == sname).all()
          if not info: # 模糊查询
              sname = "%" + sname + "%" # 模糊条件
              info = Student.query.filter(Student.SName.like(sname)).all()
      elif group:
          info = Student.query.filter(Student.Group == group).all()
      elif grade:
          info = Student.query.filter(Student.Grade == grade).all()
  
      elif input:
          input = re.sub(' ', "", input) # 除去空格
          # 输入条件为学号查询
          input_sno = re.sub('\D', "", input) # 提取数字
          if len(input_sno) > 6:
              info = Student.query.filter(Student.SNo == input_sno).all()
              if not info:
                  input_sno = "%" + input_sno + "%"
                  info = Student.query.filter(Student.SNo.like(input_sno)).all()
  
          if not info:
              # 为姓名查询
              input_name = re.sub('\d+',"",input) # 提取姓名
              if len(input_name) >= 1: # 存在
                  info = Student.query.filter(Student.SName == input_name).all()
                  if not info: # 模糊查询
                      input_name = "%" + input_name + "%"
                      info = Student.query.filter(Student.SName.like(input_name)).all()
  
          if not info:
              # 为组别
              input_group = re.sub('\d+', "", input)  # 提取组别
              if len(input_group) >= 1:  # 存在
                  info = Student.query.filter(Student.Group == input_group).all()
                  if not info: # 模糊查询
                      input_group = "%" + input_group +"%"
                      info = Student.query.filter(Student.Group.like(input_group)).all()
  
          if not info:
              # 为年级查询
              input_grade = re.sub('\D',"",input) # 提取年级
              if 4 >= len(input_grade) >= 2:# 存在
                  info = Student.query.filter(Student.Grade == input_grade).all()
                  if not info:
                      input_grade = "%" + input_grade + "%"
                      info = Student.query.filter(Student.Grade.like(input_grade)).all()
          if not info:
              info = []
      return info
  
  def to_Data():
      # data = request.get_data()  # 获取前端数据
      # data = str(data, 'utf-8')  # 转utf-8
      # data = json.loads(data)  # json转字典
      data = json.loads(request.get_data().decode("utf-8"))
      if data:
          return data
      else:
          return {}
  
  def to_Json(list = None):
      if list:
          data = json.dumps(list, ensure_ascii = False)
      else:
          data = "0"
      return data
  
  def to_List(info, page): # page为页数
      list = []
      limit = 10 # 限制返回数据条数
      index = len(info)  # 行索引
      for row in range(index):
          dic_stu = {
              'sno': info[row].SNo,
              'image_url':info[row].Avatar,
              'name': info[row].SName,
              'grade': info[row].Grade,
              'group': info[row].Group,
              'contact':{
                  'phone': info[row].Telephone,
                  'wx': info[row].WeChat,
                  'qq': info[row].QQ,
                  'email': info[row].MailBox,
                  'other': info[row].Other
              },
              'graduation':{
                  'job': info[row].Occupation,
                  'address': info[row].WorkAddress,
                  'study': info[row].Direction
              },
          }
  
          list_pro = []
          pro_info = Project.query.filter(Project.SNo == info[row].SNo).all()
          for row_ in range(len(pro_info)):
              dic_pro = {
                  'ID':pro_info[row_].ID,
                  'name': pro_info[row_].Project,
                  'prize': pro_info[row_].Award,
                  'code': pro_info[row_].Code
              }
              list_pro.append(dic_pro)
          dic_stu['project_arr'] = list_pro
  
          list.append(dic_stu) # 合并
  
      total = limit * page
  
      list = list[total-limit:total] # 索引，位置
      return list
  
  def new_avatar_name(avatar_name):
      now_time = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y%m%d%H%M%S")
      rand_num = random.randint(10,99) # 随机10到99
      name = secure_filename(avatar_name)
      ext = name.rsplit('.', 1)[1]  # 扩展名
      avatar_name = str(now_time) + str(rand_num) + '.' + ext # 合成
      return avatar_name
  
  def create_xlsx(info):
      workbook = xlwt.Workbook(encoding = 'utf-8')
      worksheet = workbook.add_sheet('新思路成员信息一览表', cell_overwrite_ok = True)
  
      alignment = xlwt.Alignment()  # 对齐格式
      alignment.horz = xlwt.Alignment.HORZ_CENTER  # 水平居中
      alignment.vert = xlwt.Alignment.VERT_CENTER  #
  
      font = xlwt.Font() # 字体
      font.bold = True # 设置黑体
  
      pattern = xlwt.Pattern()
      pattern.pattern = xlwt.Pattern.SOLID_PATTERN
      pattern.pattern_fore_colour = 27 # 浅色
  
      borders = xlwt.Borders()
      borders.left = xlwt.Borders.THIN # THIN:实线  NO_LINE:无  DASHED:虚线
      borders.right = xlwt.Borders.THIN
      borders.top = xlwt.Borders.THIN
      borders.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN
  
      borders_ = xlwt.Borders()
      borders_.bottom = xlwt.Borders.THIN
  
      tall = xlwt.easyxf('font:height 700;')
      worksheet.row(0).set_style(tall)
      tall = xlwt.easyxf('font:height 360;')
      worksheet.row(1).set_style(tall)
      tall = xlwt.easyxf('font:height 360;')
      worksheet.row(2).set_style(tall)
  
      worksheet.col(0).width = 256*13 # 学号
      worksheet.col(4).width = 256*12 # 电话
      worksheet.col(5).width = 256*12 # 微信
      worksheet.col(6).width = 256*12 # QQ
      worksheet.col(7).width = 256*18 # 邮箱
      worksheet.col(10).width = 256*15 # 地址
      worksheet.col(11).width = 256*27 # 方向
      worksheet.col(13).width = 256*25
      worksheet.col(14).width = 256*25
      worksheet.col(15).width = 256*25
      worksheet.col(16).width = 256*25
      worksheet.col(17).width = 256*25
  
      style0 = xlwt.XFStyle()
      style0.alignment = alignment
      style0.font = font
      style0.pattern = pattern
      style0.borders = borders
      worksheet.write_merge(0, 0, 0, 17, 'New-Thread成员信息一览表', style0)
  
      style1 = xlwt.XFStyle()
      style1.alignment = alignment
      style1.font = font
      style1.borders = borders
      worksheet.write_merge(1, 1, 0, 3, '个人信息', style1)
      worksheet.write_merge(1, 1, 4, 8, '联系方式', style1)
      worksheet.write_merge(1, 1, 9, 11, '毕业去向(工作/研究生/留学生)', style1)
      worksheet.write_merge(1, 1, 12, 17, '参与项目', style1)
  
      style2 = xlwt.XFStyle()
      style2.alignment = alignment
      style2.borders = borders
      a = ['学号','姓名','年级','组别','电话','微信','QQ','邮箱','其它','职业','地址(工作单位)','研究方向(岗位/研究生技术方向)','-','项目1','项目2','项目3','项目4','项目5']
      for i in range(18):
          worksheet.write(2, i, a[i], style2)
  
      style3 = xlwt.XFStyle()
      style3.alignment = alignment
      style3.borders = borders
      if info:
          i = 3 # 控制行
          pi = 3
          for row in range(len(info)):
              stu_info = [info[row].SNo, info[row].SName, info[row].Grade, info[row].Group, info[row].Telephone, info[row].WeChat, info[row].QQ,
                      info[row].MailBox, info[row].Other, info[row].Occupation, info[row].WorkAddress, info[row].Direction]
              j = 0 # 控制信息列
              pj = 13 # 工程列
              for content in stu_info:
                  worksheet.write_merge(i, i+2, j, j, content, style3) # 合并单元格参数(从0开始): 1-3行，0-0列，内容，格式
                  j = j+1
                  if j == 12:
                      break
  
              style4 = xlwt.XFStyle()
              style4.borders = borders_
              worksheet.write(i, 12, '项目名称')
              worksheet.write(i+1, 12, '获奖情况')
              worksheet.write(i+2, 12, '源码', style4)
  
              project = Project.query.filter(Project.SNo == info[row].SNo).all()
              for row in range(len(project)):
                  pro_info = [project[row].Project, project[row].Award, project[row].Code]
                  for content in pro_info:
                      worksheet.write(pi, pj, content, style3)
                      pi = pi+1 # 加行
                  pj = pj + 1 # 加列
                  pi = pi - 3 # 还是一个学生，所以回到这一次的初始行
  
              i = i + 3 # 隔行输出
              pi = pi + 3 # 下一初始行
  
          basedir = os.path.dirname(__file__)  # 运行路径
          excel_path = os.path.join(basedir, 'static', '成员信息一览表.xls')  # 重命名后合成文件在服务器的路径
          excel_path = excel_path.replace('\\', '/')  # 若不换成/ Linux服务器会报错  位置:static/*.xls
          workbook.save(excel_path)  # 写入
  
          return excel_path
      return ("0")
  

数据库配置信息（config.py）

• config.py

  DIALECT ='mysql'
  DRIVER = 'mysqldb'
  USERNAME = 'root'
  PASSWORD = 'password' # 此处填写你的数据库密码
  HOST = 'localhost' # 部署到服务器不能用127.0.0.1 得用localhost
  PORT = '3306'
  DATABSE = 'db_info' # 此处为你建的数据库的名称
  SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI ="{}+{}://{}:{}@{}:{}/{}?charset=utf8".format(DIALECT,DRIVER,USERNAME,PASSWORD,HOST,PORT,DATABSE)
  
  SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = False
  

创建相应数据库模型（models.py）

• models.py

  from exts import db
  
  class Admin(db.Model):
      __tablename__ = 'admin'
      Adminaccount = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'), primary_key=True)
      Password = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'), nullable=False)
  
  class Project(db.Model):
      __tablename__ = 'project'
      ID = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True)
      SNo = db.Column(db.ForeignKey('student.SNo', ondelete='CASCADE', onupdate='CASCADE'), nullable=False, index=True)
      Project = db.Column(db.String(255))
      Award = db.Column(db.String(255))
      Code = db.Column(db.String(255))
      student = db.relationship('Student', primaryjoin='Project.SNo == Student.SNo', backref='projects')
  
  class Student(db.Model):
      __tablename__ = 'student'
      SNo = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'), primary_key=True, index=True)
      Avatar = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'), index=True)
      SName = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'), nullable=False)
      Grade = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'), nullable=False)
      Group = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'), nullable=False)
      Telephone = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'))
      WeChat = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'))
      QQ = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'))
      MailBox = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'))
      Other = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'))
      Occupation = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'))
      WorkAddress = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'))
      Direction = db.Column(db.String(255, 'utf8_general_ci'))
  

将models中所写模型映射到数据库中（manager.py）

• manager.py

  from flask_script import Manager
  from flask_migrate import Migrate, MigrateCommand
  from app import app
  from exts import db
  
  manager = Manager(app)
  migrate = Migrate(app,db) # 使用Migrate绑定app和db
  manager.add_command('db',MigrateCommand) #添加迁移脚本的命令到manager中
  
  if __name__ == '__main__':
      manager.run()
  

• 映射
  打开命令提示符，切换到项目文件目录

  cd /d D:\Flask\成员信息管理系统

  执行以下命令

  python manager.py db init
  python manager.py db migrate
  python manager.py db upgrade

上一篇（准备篇）：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42766994/article/details/89401754
下一篇（测试篇）：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42766994/article/details/89437977