OSPF多区域配置与心得理解
ospf 多区域
文章目录
- ospf 多区域
- 实验背景
- 实验需求
- 1.配置ip地址
- 2.配置OSPF
- 3查看R1,R4的邻居表
- 4.强制发布一跳默认路由
- 查看R1有没有收到默认路由
- 5.在R3上使用静默接口
- 测试PC ping外网6.6.6.6
- 6.查看路由
实验背景
实验需求
1.配置IP地址
2.完整配置ospf多区域
3.查看邻居关系
4.强制发布默认路由
5.在R3的G0/0/1口配置静默接口
6.验证路由表
1.配置ip地址
R1
[R1]INT LOOPBACK 0
[R1-LoopBack0]IP ADDRESS 1.1.1.1 32
[R1]INT G 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]IP ADDRESS 20.0.0.1 30
[R1]INT G0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]IP ADDRESS 10.0.0.1 30
R2
[R2]INT LOOPBACK 0
[R2-LoopBack0]IP ADDRESS 2.2.2.2 32
[R2]INT G0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]IP ADDRESS 30.0.0.1 30
[R2]INT G0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]IP ADDRESS 20.0.0.2 30
[R2]int loopback 1
[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 6.6.6.6 32
R3
[R3]INT LOOPBACK 0
[R3]IP ADDRESS 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]INT G0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]IP ADDRESS 10.0.0.2 30
[R3]int g0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.1 24
R4
[R4]INT LOOPBACK 0
[R4-LoopBack0]IP ADDRESS 4.4.4.4 32
[R4]INT G0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]IP ADDRESS 30.0.0.2 30
2.配置OSPF
R1
[R1]ospf
[R1-ospf-1]area 0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 20.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 1.1.1.1 0.0.0.0
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]area 1
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
R2
[R2]ospf
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 20.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[R2-ospf-1]area 2
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 30.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
R3
[R3]ospf
[R3-ospf-1]area 1
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.1]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
R4
[R4]ospf
[R4-ospf-1]area 2
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 30.0.0.0 0.0.0.3
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.2]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
3查看R1,R4的邻居表
R1
[R1]dis ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.0 GigabitEthernet0/0/0 20.0.0.2 Full
0.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 10.0.0.2 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
可以看到route-id 不是4.4.4.4 应该是先建立邻居的时候hollo里面携带的是30.0.0.2 这个本地接口地址
R4
[R4]dis ospf peer brief
OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 30.0.0.2
Peer Statistic Information
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Area Id Interface Neighbor id State
0.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/1 20.0.0.2 Full
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
4.强制发布一跳默认路由
后面带了 always 无论路由器是否有默认路由 都可以发布 如果没有带alwaye 那发布之前本地必须要有一条默认路由。
但是我不建议这样做 要分好情况 这样做只是下发了一条 默认路由 但是本地不会生成默认路由 所以就没有指明去外网的路 很有可以会出问题
R2
[R2-ospf-1]default-route-advertise always
查看R1有没有收到默认路由
R1
dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 17 Routes : 17
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 20.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
5.在R3上使用静默接口
如上配置 声明了g0/0/0 那它就有了收发ospf报文的能力 但是0/0/0口接的是个主机完全不知道ospf hollo 报文 比较适合配置静默接口
R3
[R3-ospf-1]silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
测试PC ping外网6.6.6.6
PC
PC>ping 6.6.6.6
Ping 6.6.6.6: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break
From 6.6.6.6: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=253 time=62 ms
From 6.6.6.6: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=253 time=16 ms
From 6.6.6.6: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=253 time=31 ms
From 6.6.6.6: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=253 time=16 ms
From 6.6.6.6: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=253 time=31 ms
--- 6.6.6.6 ping statistics ---
5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 16/31/62 ms
6.查看路由
R1
DIS IP ROUTING
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 17 Routes : 17
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 20.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
1.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 20.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 2 D 20.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
10.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
20.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 20.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
20.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
20.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
30.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 2 D 20.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
R2
可以看到R2设备上没有静态默认路由
[R2-ospf-1]dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 17 Routes : 17
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 20.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
2.2.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 2 D 20.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 1 D 30.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
6.6.6.6/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack1
10.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 2 D 20.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
20.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 20.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
20.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
20.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
30.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 30.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
30.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
30.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 20.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
R3
dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 17 Routes : 17
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 2 D 10.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
3.3.3.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
4.4.4.4/32 OSPF 10 3 D 10.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 10.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
10.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
20.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 2 D 10.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
30.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 3 D 10.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 192.168.1.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
192.168.1.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
R4
dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 15 Routes : 15
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
0.0.0.0/0 O_ASE 150 1 D 30.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
1.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 2 D 30.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
2.2.2.2/32 OSPF 10 1 D 30.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
3.3.3.3/32 OSPF 10 3 D 30.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
4.4.4.4/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 LoopBack0
10.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 3 D 30.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
20.0.0.0/30 OSPF 10 2 D 30.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
30.0.0.0/30 Direct 0 0 D 30.0.0.2 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
30.0.0.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
30.0.0.3/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 4 D 30.0.0.1 GigabitEthernet
0/0/1
255.255.255.255/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0