Django高级(六)：简单文件上传

uploadOne一次上传一个文件

0.写在前面：

上传文件的亮点强制要求：

• The HTML form to have the attribute enctype="multipart/form-data" set correctly.
• The form must be submitted using the POST method.

Django have proper model fields to handle uploaded files: FileField and ImageField.

The files uploaded to FileField or ImageField are not stored in the database but in the filesystem.

FileField and ImageField are created as a string field in the database (usually VARCHAR), containing the reference to the actual file.

If you delete a model instance containing FileField or ImageField, Django will not delete the physical file, but only the reference to the file.

The request.FILES is a dictionary-like object. Each key in request.FILES is the name from the .Each value in request.FILES is an UploadedFile instance.

基本settings.py配置

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'UploadOne',  #一次一个文件的应用
    #'UploadMulti',  #一次多个文件的应用，下节说
]

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [
            os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates'),  #模板文件的搜索路径之一，一般放些公共模板
        ],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.template.context_processors.media',  #to access the MEDIA_URL in template
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',  #熟悉用Myslq
        'NAME': 'uploadFiles',
        'HOST':'127.0.0.1',
        'PORT':'3306',
        'USER':'root',
        'PASSWORD':'xxxxxxxx',
    }
}

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"),  #static文件的搜索路径之一，一般放些公共静态代码
)
STATIC_URL = '/static/'  
STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'staticRoot')  #collectstatic执行后

MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'media')  #上传文件所在的目录

项目名uploadFiles所在路径是'/root/suyn_website'，在项目下创建static、staticRoot、media、templates几个文件夹，用于后续放静态文件、上传文件、模板文件。

应用UploadOne，文件夹树：

root@ubuntu:~/suyn_website/uploadFiles# tree
.
├── manage.py
├── media
│   ├── documents
│      ├── mount_IPPe45v.sh
│      ├── mount.sh
├── static
├── staticRoot
├── templates
├── uploadFiles
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── settings.py
│   ├── urls.py
│   ├── wsgi.py
└── UploadOne
    ├── admin.py
    ├── apps.py
    ├── forms.py
    ├── __init__.py
    ├── migrations
    │   ├── 0001_initial.py
    │   ├── 0001_initial.pyc
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   └── __init__.pyc
    ├── models.py
    ├── templates
    │   └── UploadOne
    │       ├── home.html
    │       ├── base.html
    │       ├── model_form_upload.html
    │       └── simple_upload.html
    ├── tests.py
    ├── urls.py
    └── views.py

1. home主页有两个链接，分别向服务器发送请求，针对两种文件上传方式。

# urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url
from . import views
app_name = 'UploadOne'

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', views.home, name='home'),
]

# views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from uploadFiles import settings
from django.core.files.storage import FileSystemStorage

from .models import Document
from .forms import DocumentForm

def home(request):
    documents = Document.objects.all()
    return render(request, 'UploadOne/home.html', { 'documents': documents })

# templates/UploadOne/base.html


  
    
    
  
  
    {% block content %}
    {% endblock %}
  


# templates/UploadOne/home.html
{% extends 'UploadOne/base.html' %}

{% block content %}  


    
  #第一种文件传递方式
        Simple Upload
    
    
 #第二种文件传递方式
        Model Form Upload
    


Uploaded files:
  #将上传了的文件参考路径列出来
    

    {% for obj in documents %}
        

            {{ obj.document.name }}
            (Uploaded at: {{ obj.uploaded_at }})
        
    {% endfor %}
    

{% endblock %}

2.两种文件传递方式：simple_upload VS. model_form_upload

# urls.py
    url(r'^simple_upload/$',views.simple_upload,name='simple_upload'),
    url(r'^model_form_upload/$', views.model_form_upload, name='model_form_upload'),

# views.py  ### a minimal file upload example using FileSystemStorage
def simple_upload(request):
    if request.method == 'POST' and request.FILES['myfile']:
        myfile = request.FILES['myfile']
        fs = FileSystemStorage()
        filename = fs.save(myfile.name, myfile)  #最基本的文件传递方式
        uploaded_file_url = fs.url(filename)
        return render(request, 'UploadOne/simple_upload.html', {
            'uploaded_file_url': uploaded_file_url
        })
    return render(request, 'UploadOne/simple_upload.html')

# templates/UploadOne/simple_upload
{% extends 'UploadOne/base.html' %}

{% load static %}

{% block content %}


    {% csrf_token %}
    

    Upload


{% if uploaded_file_url %}
    
File uploaded at: {{ uploaded_file_url }}
{% endif %}

Return to home
{% endblock %}

# views.py
def model_form_upload(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = DocumentForm(request.POST, request.FILES)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            return redirect('UploadOne:home')
    else:
        form = DocumentForm()
    return render(request, 'UploadOne/model_form_upload.html', {
        'form': form
    })

# templates/UploadOne/model_form_upload.html
{% extends 'UploadOne/base.html' %}

{% block content %}

    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_p }}
    Upload


Return to home
{% endblock %}

参考How to Upload Files With Django