Linux / MacOS 修改 ls 显示年月日的时间格式

Linux 修改时间显示格式

本文参考转自米扑博客：Linux / MacOS 修改 ls 显示年月日的时间格式

Linux 系统的 ls 默认支持 --full-time，但是 MacOS 系统下的 ls 不支持 --full-time

1、Linux 系统下的 ls --full-time

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# ll /var/log/ | head -5 total 10024 drwxr-x---. 2 root   root      4096 May 28  2014 audit -rw-r--r--  1 root   root      9835 May 30  2018 boot.log -rw-------  1 root   utmp     62208 Dec  8 19:53 btmp -rw-------  1 root   utmp    235392 Dec  1 04:14 btmp-20191201 [root@mimvp-bj ~]# [root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5  total 10024 drwxr-x---. 2 root   root      4096 2014-05-28 22:37:06.000000000 +0800 audit -rw-r--r--  1 root   root      9835 2018-05-30 09:13:01.455403717 +0800 boot.log -rw-------  1 root   utmp     62208 2019-12-08 19:53:53.303521055 +0800 btmp -rw-------  1 root   utmp    235392 2019-12-01 04:14:21.953041715 +0800 btmp-20191201

 

2、Linux 自定义日期格式 （推荐）

# Linux 下修改 .bashrc 或者 .profile , 添加 export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S' 即可

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vim ~/.bashrc 在最后一行添加：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S'   接着，使修改的配置生效 source ~/.bashrc

最后，验证

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[root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll /var/log/ | head -5 total 10024 drwxr-x---. 2 root   root      4096 2014-05-28__22:37:06 audit -rw-r--r--  1 root   root      9835 2018-05-30__09:13:01 boot.log -rw-------  1 root   utmp     62208 2019-12-08__19:53:53 btmp -rw-------  1 root   utmp    235392 2019-12-01__04:14:21 btmp-20191201 [root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5 total 10024 drwxr-x---. 2 root   root      4096 2014-05-28 22:37:06.000000000 +0800 audit -rw-r--r--  1 root   root      9835 2018-05-30 09:13:01.455403717 +0800 boot.log -rw-------  1 root   utmp     62208 2019-12-08 19:53:53.303521055 +0800 btmp -rw-------  1 root   utmp    235392 2019-12-01 04:14:21.953041715 +0800 btmp-20191201

 

注意：

若想跟 --full-time 格式一样，显示出纳秒（秒 - 毫秒 - 微妙 - 纳秒），纳秒日期格式为：%N，详见米扑博客：Linux date日期格式及加减运算

即日志格式化：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N'

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vim ~/.bashrc 在最后一行添加：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N'   接着，使修改的配置生效 source ~/.bashrc

最后，验证

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[root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll /var/log/ | head -5            total 10028 drwxr-x---. 2 root   root      4096 2014-05-28__22:37:06.000000000 audit -rw-r--r--  1 root   root      9835 2018-05-30__09:13:01.455403717 boot.log -rw-------  1 root   utmp     62208 2019-12-08__19:53:53.303521055 btmp -rw-------  1 root   utmp    235392 2019-12-01__04:14:21.953041715 btmp-20191201 [root@mimvp-bj ~]# [root@mimvp-bj ~]# ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5 total 10028 drwxr-x---. 2 root   root      4096 2014-05-28 22:37:06.000000000 +0800 audit -rw-r--r--  1 root   root      9835 2018-05-30 09:13:01.455403717 +0800 boot.log -rw-------  1 root   utmp     62208 2019-12-08 19:53:53.303521055 +0800 btmp -rw-------  1 root   utmp    235392 2019-12-01 04:14:21.953041715 +0800 btmp-20191201

 

 

Macbook  修改时间显示格式

1、Macbook（Unix）可以使用 ls -lT （增加了时分秒，但年月日格式不变）

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yg-mac:~ homer$ ll /var/log/ | head total 243160 drwxr-xr-x   3 root             wheel                 102 12 19  2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--@  1 root             wheel                  12  4 13  2018 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x   2 root             wheel                  68 10 19  2017 CoreDuet -rw-r--r--   1 root             wheel                   0  4 21  2018 alf.log drwxr-xr-x   2 root             wheel                  68 10 10  2017 apache2 -rw-r--r--   1 root             wheel                   0  4 21  2018 appfirewall.log yg-mac:~ homer$ yg-mac:~ homer$ yg-mac:~ homer$ ll -lT /var/log/ | head total 243160 drwxr-xr-x   3 root             wheel                 102 12 19 20:27:33 2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--@  1 root             wheel                  12  4 13 23:05:38 2018 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x   2 root             wheel                  68 10 19 11:39:25 2017 CoreDuet -rw-r--r--   1 root             wheel                   0  4 21 11:10:17 2018 alf.log drwxr-xr-x   2 root             wheel                  68 10 10 10:58:11 2017 apache2 -rw-r--r--   1 root             wheel                   0  4 21 11:10:48 2018 appfirewall.log

 

2、Macbook（Unix）自定义日期格式（没生效，失败）

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vim ~/.bashrc 在最后一行添加：export TIME_STYLE='+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M'   接着，使修改的配置生效 source ~/.bashrc

打印定义的变量 TIME_STYLE，并验证日期格式，没生效！失败了！！！

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yg-mac:~ homer$ echo $TIME_STYLE      +%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S yg-mac:~ homer$ yg-mac:~ homer$ ll /var/log/ | head -5 total 243688 drwxr-xr-x   3 root             wheel                 102 12 19  2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--@  1 root             wheel                  12  4 13  2018 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x   2 root             wheel                  68 10 19  2017 CoreDuet drwxrwx---  33 root             admin                1122 12  8 11:00 DiagnosticMessages

 

3、Macbook（Unix）借助第三方日期格式 （成功，推荐）

格式依旧不太直观, 安装 `coreutils`, 使用 `gls`

1）brew install coreutils    （注：经测试，只支持 MacOS，不支持Linux，因为MacOS下安装的 gls 本身同 Linux 下的 ls）

2）which gls

1 2	yg-mac:~ homer$ which gls /usr/local/bin/gls

3）man gls   （功能同 Linux 下的 ls 一样了，因为 MacOS默认ls与Linux并不同）

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yg-mac:~ homer$ gls --help Usage: gls [OPTION]... [FILE]... List information about the FILEs (the current directory by default). Sort entries alphabetically if none of -cftuvSUX nor --sort is specified.   Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.   -a, --all                  do not ignore entries starting with .   -A, --almost-all           do not list implied . and ..       --author               with -l, print the author of each file   -b, --escape               print C-style escapes for nongraphic characters       --block-size=SIZE      with -l, scale sizes by SIZE when printing them;                                e.g., '--block-size=M'; see SIZE format below   -B, --ignore-backups       do not list implied entries ending with ~   -c                         with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last                                modification of file status information);                                with -l: show ctime and sort by name;                                otherwise: sort by ctime, newest first   -C                         list entries by columns       --color[=WHEN]         colorize the output; WHEN can be 'always' (default                                if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'; more info below   -d, --directory            list directories themselves, not their contents   -D, --dired                generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode   -f                         do not sort, enable -aU, disable -ls --color   -F, --classify             append indicator (one of */=>@|) to entries       --file-type            likewise, except do not append '*'       --format=WORD          across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l,                                single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C       --full-time            like -l --time-style=full-iso   -g                         like -l, but do not list owner       --group-directories-first                              group directories before files;                                can be augmented with a --sort option, but any                                use of --sort=none (-U) disables grouping   -G, --no-group             in a long listing, don't print group names   -h, --human-readable       with -l and -s, print sizes like 1K 234M 2G etc.       --si                   likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024   -H, --dereference-command-line                              follow symbolic links listed on the command line       --dereference-command-line-symlink-to-dir                              follow each command line symbolic link                                that points to a directory       --hide=PATTERN         do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN                                (overridden by -a or -A)       --hyperlink[=WHEN]     hyperlink file names; WHEN can be 'always'                                (default if omitted), 'auto', or 'never'       --indicator-style=WORD  append indicator with style WORD to entry names:                                none (default), slash (-p),                                file-type (--file-type), classify (-F)   -i, --inode                print the index number of each file   -I, --ignore=PATTERN       do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN   -k, --kibibytes            default to 1024-byte blocks for disk usage;                                used only with -s and per directory totals   -l                         use a long listing format   -L, --dereference          when showing file information for a symbolic                                link, show information for the file the link                                references rather than for the link itself   -m                         fill width with a comma separated list of entries   -n, --numeric-uid-gid      like -l, but list numeric user and group IDs   -N, --literal              print entry names without quoting   -o                         like -l, but do not list group information   -p, --indicator-style=slash                              append / indicator to directories   -q, --hide-control-chars   print ? instead of nongraphic characters       --show-control-chars   show nongraphic characters as-is (the default,                                unless program is 'ls' and output is a terminal)   -Q, --quote-name           enclose entry names in double quotes       --quoting-style=WORD   use quoting style WORD for entry names:                                literal, locale, shell, shell-always,                                shell-escape, shell-escape-always, c, escape                                (overrides QUOTING_STYLE environment variable)   -r, --reverse              reverse order while sorting   -R, --recursive            list subdirectories recursively   -s, --size                 print the allocated size of each file, in blocks   -S                         sort by file size, largest first       --sort=WORD            sort by WORD instead of name: none (-U), size (-S),                                time (-t), version (-v), extension (-X)       --time=WORD            with -l, show time as WORD instead of default                                modification time: atime or access or use (-u);                                ctime or status (-c); also use specified time                                as sort key if --sort=time (newest first)       --time-style=TIME_STYLE  time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below   -t                         sort by modification time, newest first   -T, --tabsize=COLS         assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8   -u                         with -lt: sort by, and show, access time;                                with -l: show access time and sort by name;                                otherwise: sort by access time, newest first   -U                         do not sort; list entries in directory order   -v                         natural sort of (version) numbers within text   -w, --width=COLS           set output width to COLS.  0 means no limit   -x                         list entries by lines instead of by columns   -X                         sort alphabetically by entry extension   -Z, --context              print any security context of each file   -1                         list one file per line.  Avoid '\n' with -q or -b       --help     display this help and exit       --version  output version information and exit

上面帮助里，划重点：

      --full-time            like -l --time-style=full-iso

      --time-style=TIME_STYLE  time/date format with -l; see TIME_STYLE below

4）gls 使用示例

gls --full-time /var/log/ | head -5

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$ gls --full-time /var/log/ | head -5 total 122080 drwxr-xr-x  3 root            wheel                102 2017-12-19 20:27:33.000000000 +0800 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--  1 root            wheel                 12 2018-04-13 23:05:38.000000000 +0800 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x  2 root            wheel                 68 2017-10-19 11:39:25.000000000 +0800 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root            admin               1122 2019-12-08 11:00:01.000000000 +0800 DiagnosticMessages

 

gls -l --time-style 的多种等价格式 （强烈推荐）

gls -l --time-style +'%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N' /var/log/ | head -5

gls -l --time-style "+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5

gls -l --time-style="+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5

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$ gls -l --time-style +'%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N' /var/log/ | head -5 total 122164 drwxr-xr-x  3 root            wheel                102 2017-12-19__20:27:33.000000000 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--  1 root            wheel                 12 2018-04-13__23:05:38.000000000 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x  2 root            wheel                 68 2017-10-19__11:39:25.000000000 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root            admin               1122 2019-12-08__11:00:01.000000000 DiagnosticMessages $ yg-mac:~ homer$ gls -l --time-style "+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5     total 122168 drwxr-xr-x  3 root            wheel                102 2017-12-19__20:27:33.000000000 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--  1 root            wheel                 12 2018-04-13__23:05:38.000000000 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x  2 root            wheel                 68 2017-10-19__11:39:25.000000000 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root            admin               1122 2019-12-08__11:00:01.000000000 DiagnosticMessages $ $ gls -l --time-style="+%Y-%m-%d__%H:%M:%S.%N" /var/log/ | head -5 total 122172 drwxr-xr-x  3 root            wheel                102 2017-12-19__20:27:33.000000000 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--  1 root            wheel                 12 2018-04-13__23:05:38.000000000 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x  2 root            wheel                 68 2017-10-19__11:39:25.000000000 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root            admin               1122 2019-12-08__11:00:01.000000000 DiagnosticMessages

--time-style 的更多日期格式和参数，请见米扑博客：Linux date日期格式及加减运算

 

5）自定义重命名 alias （不推荐，容易混，直接使用 gls 代替 ls 即可，也很简便）

修改 .bashrc 或者 .profile 

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vim ~/.bashrc 在最后一行添加两行，并保存 alias ls="gls -G" alias ll="ls -al"   接着，使修改的配置生效 source ~/.bashrc

使用测试结果

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$ ll /var/log/ | head -5 total 122256 drwxr-xr-x 69 root                2346 12  8 19:39 . drwxr-xr-x 30 root                1020  8  9  2018 .. drwxr-xr-x  3 root                 102 12 19  2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--  1 root                  12  4 13  2018 CDIS.custom $ $ ll --full-time /var/log/ | head -5 total 122256 drwxr-xr-x 69 root                2346 2019-12-08 19:39:56.000000000 +0800 . drwxr-xr-x 30 root                1020 2018-08-09 23:50:36.000000000 +0800 .. drwxr-xr-x  3 root                 102 2017-12-19 20:27:33.000000000 +0800 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--  1 root                  12 2018-04-13 23:05:38.000000000 +0800 CDIS.custom $ $ ls -lT gls: option requires an argument -- 'T' Try 'gls --help' for more information.

由上可见，重命名 alias 后的 ls 与 Linux 下的 ls 已经完全一致，即 MacOS下的 gls 同 Linux 下的 ls

但是，MacOS 原生的 ls -lT 已经报错了，这也是不推荐重命名alias，而推荐直接使用 gls 的核心所在

 

那么，知道错了，如何恢复呢，直接注释掉 alias ？错！

哈哈，其实很简单，可能您别惊吓到了，没想到如此简单：

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vim ~/.bashrc 在最后一行添加两行，并保存 alias ls="ls" alias ll="ls -al"   接着，使修改的配置生效 source ~/.bashrc

说明：ls 仍然修改回去即可，不要重命名 alias 到 gls 了，各用各的，安得其所

alias ls="ls"
alias ll="ls -al"

 

最后，验证是否都各司其职：

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$ ll /var/log/ | head -5            total 244688 drwxr-xr-x  69 root             wheel                2346 12  8 19:39 . drwxr-xr-x  30 root             wheel                1020  8  9  2018 .. drwxr-xr-x   3 root             wheel                 102 12 19  2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--@  1 root             wheel                  12  4 13  2018 CDIS.custom $ $ gls --full-time /var/log/ | head -5 total 122344 drwxr-xr-x  3 root            wheel                102 2017-12-19 20:27:33.000000000 +0800 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--  1 root            wheel                 12 2018-04-13 23:05:38.000000000 +0800 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x  2 root            wheel                 68 2017-10-19 11:39:25.000000000 +0800 CoreDuet drwxrwx--- 33 root            admin               1122 2019-12-08 11:00:01.000000000 +0800 DiagnosticMessages $ $ ls -lT /var/log/ | head -5 total 244696 drwxr-xr-x   3 root             wheel                 102 12 19 20:27:33 2017 Bluetooth -rw-r--r--@  1 root             wheel                  12  4 13 23:05:38 2018 CDIS.custom drwxr-xr-x   2 root             wheel                  68 10 19 11:39:25 2017 CoreDuet drwxrwx---  33 root             admin                1122 12  8 11:00:01 2019 DiagnosticMessages

说明：ls -lT /var/log/ | head -5  恢复正常，不报错，完美！ 成功！ 万岁！！

 

 

参考推荐：

Linux date日期格式及加减运算

CentOS 修改date系统时间

AWS EC2修改系统时区

Mac OS 查看网络端口

Mac 强制退出程序的六种方法

Mac Launchctl 命令行参数详解

MacOS 终端中文乱码的解决方法

MacOS Charles 抓包使用实例

常用抓包工具的最全汇总