数据库升级脚本制作

最近由于公司走了一个负责数据库方面的人，一些有关数据库的任务没人做了，leader就找到了我。这次的任务是负责新版本的数据库升级脚本，难点是我对数据表结构不是很熟悉，而且新版本的功能也不是有我来负责的，还有就是数据表结构变化比较大，要保证用户原本数据不能丢失。200多张表里面还是有数据的，如果人工做的话不死人才怪。于是查找工具，先从自己熟悉的powerdesigner开始，先用反向工程分别生成新老两个数据库的模型，然后点击 菜单中database->modify database，再按照步骤做，没啥难度。完工后生成了一个很长很长的sql, 由于是机器生成，看起来超麻烦，所以一狠心，直接拿了备份升级下试试看。执行好后，报出一堆错，看看表是改了，但数据都丢失了，也不确定是不是所以的表都升级了。唉，这对于表变化比较大或原有数据比较多的情况根本行不通。

注意图中的 Use alter statements when possible选项，说的太模棱两可。我试了下，大多数只要表变化一复杂，他就开始偷懒不用alter来搞表，直接create然后把原表的数据导入。先不说效率，万一丢失了数据可不好。

如果你的表和数据都变化比较少，那PD也算个好方法，毕竟方便，高效。如果不是，下面介绍个好工具SQL Delta，这个用来对比数据库的确好用。

进入系统，设置好要升级后的数据库和升级前的数据库，然后点compare databases来比较表结构

大家可以发现字段变化看的很清楚，有多的有少的，也有改变类型的。一般建议升级时多余的字段不要删除，只增加和修改。

大家可以在右边看到工具建议的升级脚本，由于是一个表一个表查看，这样虽然工作量大了，但比较放心，而且脚本可读性较好。

这里也要注意对于表变化比较大的情况，这工具还是采用以下方法（先建立临时表，导入原表数据，然后删除原表，临时表更名成原表的名字）

IF @@TRANCOUNT = 1 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[tmp_TICKET] ( [TICKET_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL, [TICKET_NUM] [varchar] (50) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL, [TICKET_SUBJECT] [varchar] (200) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [TICKET_DESC] [varchar] (2500) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [PRIORITY] [char] (3) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL, [SEVERITY] [char] (3) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL, [STATUS_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL, [CHANNEL_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [MACHINE_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL, [REQUESTER_CONTACT_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [OWNER_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL, [ASSIGNEE_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [ESCALATED_TO] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [ITEM_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL, [RESOLUTION_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [FOLLOWUP_FLAG] [char] (1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL, [REPORT_TIME] [datetime] NOT NULL, [CREATE_TIME] [datetime] NOT NULL, [DISPATCH_TIME] [datetime] NULL, [ASSIGN_TIME] [datetime] NULL, [CONFIRM_TIME] [datetime] NULL, [RESPONSE_TIME] [datetime] NULL, [START_WORKING_TIME] [datetime] NULL, [SLA_RESP_EXPECTED] [datetime] NULL, [SLA_RESP_HOURS] [decimal] (4, 0) NULL, [RESPONSE_TIME_EXPECTED] [datetime] NULL, [RESP_TIME_ACTUAL_VAL] [decimal] (10, 4) NULL, [RESP_TIMELINE_TYPE] [char] (3) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [CHRONIC_ACTION] [char] (3) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [RECOVER_TIME] [datetime] NULL, [FIXED_TIME] [datetime] NULL, [SLA_FIXED_EXPECTED] [datetime] NULL, [FIXED_TIME_EXPECTED] [datetime] NULL, [FIXED_TIME_ACTUAL_VAL] [decimal] (10, 4) NULL, [FIXED_TIMELINE_TYPE] [char] (3) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [SUSPEND_TIME] [datetime] NULL, [CLOSED_TIME] [datetime] NULL, [CONTRACT_FLAG] [char] (1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL, [PARENT_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [PARENT_FLAG] [char] (1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [GROUP_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [OWNER_GROUP_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [PREVIOUS_GROUP_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [SP_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [CUSTOMER_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [CLOSED_BY] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [ASSIGNMENT_FLAG] [char] (1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [IS_AUTO_CREATED] [char] (1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [IS_AUTO_FIXED] [char] (1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [AUTO_FIX_ENABLE] [char] (1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [DF__TICKET__AUTO_FIX__0F624AF8] DEFAULT ('1'), [AUTO_RESPONSE_ENABLE] [char] (1) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NOT NULL CONSTRAINT [DF__TICKET__AUTO_RES__10566F31] DEFAULT ('1'), [REOPEN_TIMES] [int] NULL, [RESPONSE_TIME_MANUAL] [datetime] NULL, [FIXED_TIME_MANUAL] [datetime] NULL, [HISTORY_ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL, [LAST_UPDATED] [datetime] NOT NULL, [FIX_EXCLUDE_TIME_VAL] [decimal] (10, 4) NULL, [TICKET_DOMNTIME] [decimal] (10, 4) NULL, [EXTENAL_REFERENCE_NO] [varchar] (32) COLLATE SQL_Latin1_General_CP1_CI_AS NULL ) GO IF @@ERROR <> 0 IF @@TRANCOUNT = 1 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION GO IF @@TRANCOUNT = 1 INSERT INTO [dbo].[tmp_TICKET] ([TICKET_ID], [TICKET_NUM], [TICKET_SUBJECT], [TICKET_DESC], [PRIORITY], [SEVERITY], [STATUS_ID], [CHANNEL_ID], [MACHINE_ID], [REQUESTER_CONTACT_ID], [OWNER_ID], [ASSIGNEE_ID], [ESCALATED_TO], [ITEM_ID], [RESOLUTION_ID], [FOLLOWUP_FLAG], [REPORT_TIME], [CREATE_TIME], [DISPATCH_TIME], [ASSIGN_TIME], [CONFIRM_TIME], [RESPONSE_TIME], [START_WORKING_TIME], [SLA_RESP_EXPECTED], [SLA_RESP_HOURS], [RESPONSE_TIME_EXPECTED], [RESP_TIME_ACTUAL_VAL], [RESP_TIMELINE_TYPE], [CHRONIC_ACTION], [RECOVER_TIME], [FIXED_TIME], [SLA_FIXED_EXPECTED], [FIXED_TIME_EXPECTED], [FIXED_TIME_ACTUAL_VAL], [FIXED_TIMELINE_TYPE], [SUSPEND_TIME], [CLOSED_TIME], [CONTRACT_FLAG], [PARENT_ID], [PARENT_FLAG], [GROUP_ID], [OWNER_GROUP_ID], [PREVIOUS_GROUP_ID], [SP_ID], [CUSTOMER_ID], [CLOSED_BY], [ASSIGNMENT_FLAG], [IS_AUTO_CREATED], [IS_AUTO_FIXED], [AUTO_FIX_ENABLE], [REOPEN_TIMES], [RESPONSE_TIME_MANUAL], [FIXED_TIME_MANUAL], [HISTORY_ID], [LAST_UPDATED], [FIX_EXCLUDE_TIME_VAL], [TICKET_DOMNTIME], [EXTENAL_REFERENCE_NO]) SELECT [TICKET_ID], [TICKET_NUM], [TICKET_SUBJECT], [TICKET_DESC], [PRIORITY], [SEVERITY], [STATUS_ID], [CHANNEL_ID], [MACHINE_ID], [REQUESTER_CONTACT_ID], [OWNER_ID], [ASSIGNEE_ID], [ESCALATED_TO], [ITEM_ID], [RESOLUTION_ID], [FOLLOWUP_FLAG], [REPORT_TIME], [CREATE_TIME], [DISPATCH_TIME], [ASSIGN_TIME], [CONFIRM_TIME], [RESPONSE_TIME], [START_WORKING_TIME], [SLA_RESP_EXPECTED], [SLA_RESP_HOURS], [RESPONSE_TIME_EXPECTED], [RESP_TIME_ACTUAL_VAL], [RESP_TIMELINE_TYPE], NULL, [RECOVER_TIME], [FIXED_TIME], [SLA_FIXED_EXPECTED], [FIXED_TIME_EXPECTED], [FIXED_TIME_ACTUAL_VAL], [FIXED_TIMELINE_TYPE], [SUSPEND_TIME], [CLOSED_TIME], [CONTRACT_FLAG], [PARENT_ID], [PARENT_FLAG], [GROUP_ID], [OWNER_GROUP_ID], [PREVIOUS_GROUP_ID], [SP_ID], [CUSTOMER_ID], [CLOSED_BY], [ASSIGNMENT_FLAG], [IS_AUTO_CREATED], [IS_AUTO_FIXED], [AUTO_FIX_ENABLE], NULL, [RESPONSE_TIME_MANUAL], [FIXED_TIME_MANUAL], [HISTORY_ID], [LAST_UPDATED], NULL, NULL, NULL FROM [dbo].[TICKET] GO IF @@ERROR <> 0 IF @@TRANCOUNT = 1 ROLLBACK TRANSACTION GO IF @@TRANCOUNT = 1 DROP TABLE [dbo].[TICKET] GO sp_rename N'[dbo].[tmp_TICKET]', N'TICKET'

接下来比较表内的数据，按菜单栏中的data 然后点击wizard

选中所要比较数据的表，一般是些配置用表，用户的数据不要丢失就行。

大家可以观察A,B来知道数据的变化，想在升级脚本中体现的话，就选中不想生效的就去掉勾。最后点击Sync进入后save一把，脚本就生成出来了。这个数据库升级的DDL和DML都有了，主要生成好还是要多测试下，毕竟升级有风险，升级前请做好充足的备份。