数学推理相关的几个名词及LaTeX用法

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TheoremThm

Lemma小小的定的定拆成脉络

Corollary理立

Property理来

Proposition的定

Claim

Note

Remark”Note””remark”的定

解决使

使非范

到的到的定

  1. 在这
  2. 干个干个要引
  3. 作准的定

doppler

”Theorem” 身是result ”Lemma”proveTheoremresult ”Corollary” ”Theorem”deduce/proveresult ”Proposition””Theorem”result (theorem)

  • Definition——a precise and unambiguous description of the meaning of a mathematical term. It characterizes the meaning of a word by giving all the properties and only those properties that must be true.
  • Theorem——a mathematical statement that is proved using rigorous mathemat-ical reasoning. In a mathematical paper, the term theorem is often reserved for the most important results.
  • Lemma——a minor result whose sole purpose is to help in proving a theorem. It is a stepping stone on the path to proving a theorem. Very occasionally lemmas can take on a life of their own (Zorn’s lemma, Urysohn’s lemma, Burnside’s lemma,Sperner’s lemma).
  • Corollary——a result in which the (usually short) proof relies heavily on a given theorem (we often say that this is a corollary of Theorem A”).
  • Proposition——a proved and often interesting result, but generally less important than a theorem.
  • Conjecture——a statement that is unproved, but is believed to be true (Collatz conjecture, Goldbach conjecture, twin prime conjecture).
  • Claim——an assertion that is then proved. It is often used like an informal lemma.
  • Axiom/Postulate—— /a statement that is assumed to be true without proof. These are the basic building blocks from which all theorems are proved (Eu-clid’s ve postulates, Zermelo-Frankel axioms, Peano axioms).
  • Identity——a mathematical expression giving the equality of two (often variable) quantities (trigonometric identities, Euler’s identity).
  • Paradox——a statement that can be shown, using a given set of axioms and de nitions, to be both true and false. Paradoxes are often used to show the inconsistencies in a awed theory (Russell’s paradox). The term paradox is often used informally to describe a surprising or counterintuitive result that follows from a given set of rules (Banach-Tarski paradox, Alabama paradox, Gabriel’s horn).

2 LaTeX

\documentclass[11pt]{ctexart}
\usepackage{amsthm}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\newtheoremstyle{mythm}{1.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{1.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{}{\parindent}{\bfseries}{}{1em}{} %定义定理样式,样式名称之后的两个长 度分别表示定理与上、下文之间的距离,这里均设为弹性距离。{}用于设置字体,这里设置为空。\parindent是设置定理首行的缩进。
\theoremstyle{mythm} %采用定理样式mythm
\newtheorem{mythm}{定理~}
\newtheorem{mylem}{引理~}
\newtheorem{myprop}{命题~}
\newtheorem{mycor}{推论~}
\newtheorem{mydefn}{定义~}
\newtheorem{myconj}{猜想~}
\newtheorem{myexmp}{例~}
\newtheorem{myrem}{注~}
\begin{document}
\begin{mythm}
  这是定理
\end{mythm}
\begin{mylem}
  这是引理
\end{mylem}
\begin{myprop}
  这是命题
\end{myprop}
\begin{mycor}
  这是推论
\end{mycor}
\begin{mydefn}
  这是定义
\end{mydefn}
\begin{myconj}
  这是猜想
\end{myconj}
\begin{myexmp}
  这是例子
\end{myexmp}
\begin{myrem}
  这是注
\end{myrem}
\begin{proof}
  这是证明
\end{proof}
\end{document}


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Proof. _

  • Latex之定理及编号(ZZ)  
    http://wzhc.123.blog.163.com/blog/static/106818372201032722847735/ 
  • 用 LaTeX 写漂亮学位论文(from wloo) 
    http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_9eff3a390101chb9.html 
  • 我用amstools,它不但可以定义其他环境,还自定义了一个proof环境。

  • 阐述了数学的几个概念
    http://mirrors.ibiblio.org/CTAN/macros/latex/contrib/ntheorem/ntheorem.pdf 


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