Java基础知识总结 ——ArrayList源码

一、ArrayList相关属性
重要的部分都用了中文注释

	/**
     * 类注释
     * 1、允许 put null 值,会自动扩容
     * 2、size、isEmpty、get、set、add 等方法时间复杂度都是 O (1)
     * 3、是非线程安全的,多线程情况下,推荐使用线程安全类:Collections#synchronizedList;
     * 4、增强 for 循环,或者使用迭代器迭代过程中,如果数组大小被改变,会快速失败,抛出异常。
     */
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L;

    /**
     * Default initial capacity.
     * 数组的初始化大小,默认是10
     */
    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;

    /**
     * Shared empty array instance used for empty instances.
     */
    private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

    /**
     * Shared empty array instance used for default sized empty instances. We
     * distinguish this from EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA to know how much to inflate when
     * first element is added.
     */
    private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};

    /**
     * The array buffer into which the elements of the ArrayList are stored.
     * The capacity of the ArrayList is the length of this array buffer. Any
     * empty ArrayList with elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA
     * will be expanded to DEFAULT_CAPACITY when the first element is added.
     * elementData表示数组本身
     */
    transient Object[] elementData; // non-private to simplify nested class access

    /**
     * The size of the ArrayList (the number of elements it contains).
     *当前数组的大小,没有用volatile修饰,不是线程安全的
     * @serial
     */
    private int size;

下面是ArrayList的父类AbstractList中定义了一个int型的属性,记录的是ArrayList的结构性变化次数,有变动就会+1

protected transient int modCount = 0;

二、初始化

    /**
     * Constructs an empty list with an initial capacity of ten.
     * 无参数初始化,数组大小为空
     * 这里注意ArrayList 无参构造器初始化时,默认大小是空数组,并不是 10,10 是在第一次 add 的时候扩容的数组值。
     */
    public ArrayList() {
        this.elementData = DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
    }
    /**
     * Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
     * collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
     * iterator.
     * 有参数初始化
     * @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
     * @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
     */
    public ArrayList(Collection<? extends E> c) {
    	//elementData保存数组
        elementData = c.toArray();
        //1、如果集合c数据有值,且集合元素类型不是Object的话,会被转成Object的
        //2、如果c没有值,数组默认为空
        if ((size = elementData.length) != 0) {
            // c.toArray might (incorrectly) not return Object[] (see 6260652)
            if (elementData.getClass() != Object[].class)
                elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, size, Object[].class);
        } else {
            // replace with empty array.
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        }
    }

三、新增和扩容

新增源码

	/**
     * Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
     * 确保数组大小是否足够,不够执行扩容。然后直接赋值,线程不安全
     * 新增时,并没有对值进行严格的校验,所以 ArrayList 是允许 null 值的
     * @param e element to be appended to this list
     * @return true (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
     */
    public boolean add(E e) {
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }

扩容源码

	private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
        ensureExplicitCapacity(calculateCapacity(elementData, minCapacity));
    }
    private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
    	//modCount需要+1
        modCount++;

        // overflow-conscious code
        //如果期望的容量大于目前数组的长度就扩容
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }
    //扩容
    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        // overflow-conscious code
        //记录老的容量大小
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        //新的容量大小=老的容量大小*1.5
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        //如果新的容量大小 < 我们的期望值,扩容后的值就等于我们的期望值
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        //如果扩容后的值 > jvm 所能分配的数组的最大值,那么就用 Integer 的最大值
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
        //通过复制进行扩容,copyOf内部通过System.arraycopy方法实现拷贝。
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }

四、删除

/**
     * Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list,
     * if it is present.  If the list does not contain the element, it is
     * unchanged.  More formally, removes the element with the lowest index
     * i such that
     * (o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))
     * (if such an element exists).  Returns true if this list
     * contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list
     * changed as a result of the call).
     * 新增的时候是没有对 null 进行校验的,所以删除的时候也是允许删除 null 值的
     * 找到值在数组中的索引位置,是通过 equals 来判断的,如果数组元素不是基本类型,需要我们关注 equals 的具体实现。
     * @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
     * @return true if this list contained the specified element
     */
    public boolean remove(Object o) {
        if (o == null) {
            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
                if (elementData[index] == null) {
                    fastRemove(index);
                    return true;
                }
        } else {
            for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
                if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
                    fastRemove(index);
                    return true;
                }
        }
        return false;
    }
    /*
     * Private remove method that skips bounds checking and does not
     * 
     * return the value removed.
     */
    private void fastRemove(int index) {
    	//modCount需要+1
        modCount++;
        //numMoved 表示删除 index 位置的元素后,需要从 index 后移动多少个元素到前面去
        int numMoved = size - index - 1;
        if (numMoved > 0)
        	//从 index +1 位置开始被拷贝,拷贝的起始位置是 index,长度是 numMoved
            System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
                             numMoved);
        elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
    }

五、迭代器

	/**
     * An optimized version of AbstractList.Itr
     * ArrayList这里实现了Iterator类
     */
    private class Itr implements Iterator<E> {
    	//迭代过程中,下一个元素的位置
        int cursor;       // index of next element to return
        //迭代过程中,上一个元素的位置
        int lastRet = -1; // index of last element returned; -1 if no such
        //迭代过程中,期望的版本号,初试为数组实际版本号modCount
        int expectedModCount = modCount;

        Itr() {}
		//判断还有没有值可以迭代,有为1,没有为0
        public boolean hasNext() {
            return cursor != size;
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        //如果有值可以迭代,迭代的值是多少
        //next方法检验能不能继续迭代,然后找到迭代的值,并为下一次迭代做准备(cursor+1)
        public E next() {
        	//迭代过程中,判断版本号有没有修改,有被修改,则抛出ConcurrentModificationException异常
            checkForComodification();
            int i = cursor;
            if (i >= size)
                throw new NoSuchElementException();
            Object[] elementData = ArrayList.this.elementData;
            if (i >= elementData.length)
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            cursor = i + 1;
            return (E) elementData[lastRet = i];
        }
        // 版本号比较
		final void checkForComodification() {
		  if (modCount != expectedModCount)
		    throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
		}

        public void remove() {
        	//如lastRet < 0 了,说明元素已经被删除了
            if (lastRet < 0)
                throw new IllegalStateException();
            checkForComodification();

            try {
                ArrayList.this.remove(lastRet);
                cursor = lastRet;
                // -1 表示元素已经被删除,这里也防止重复删除
                lastRet = -1;
                //删除元素成功,数组当前 modCount 就会发生变化,这里会把 expectedModCount 重新赋值,下次迭代时两者的值就会一致了
                expectedModCount = modCount;
            } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
                throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
            }
        }

六、线程安全

ArrayList 有线程安全问题的本质,是因为 ArrayList 自身的 elementData、size、modConut 在进行各种操作时,都没有加锁,而且这些变量的类型并非是可见(volatile)的,所以如果多个线程对这些变量进行操作时,可能会有值被覆盖的情况。类注释中推荐使用Collections#synchronizedList 来保证线程安全,SynchronizedList 是通过在每个方法上面加上锁来实现,虽然实现了线程安全,但是性能大大降低,具体实现源码:

public boolean add(E e) {
    synchronized (mutex) {// synchronized 是一种轻量锁,mutex 表示一个当前 SynchronizedList
        return c.add(e);
    }
}

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