elasticsearch使用中文分词器和拼音分词器,自定义分词器

elasticsearch使用中文分词器和拼音分词器,自定义分词器

1. 到github 下载分词器

上面有已经编译好打好的包。下载后在es安装目录下的plugins/目录下创建ik和pinyin两个文件夹,把下载好的zip包解压在里面。重启es就会生效了。github上readme.txt文件里有使用说明。注意下载的时候下载版本对应的,比如我的es版本是5.6.16,下载分词器的时候也要下载这个版本的。

ik 中文分词器:https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-ik/releases

pinyin 拼音分词器:https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin/releases

也可以下载源码后,用mvn手动打包,但是特别慢,我打了个拼音包两个多小时,可能和没也有关系。

2. 使用分词器

解压后重启es就可以使用了。分词器是属于索引的,所以测试分词器的时候,要指定是哪个索引。

ik_smart: 会做最粗粒度的拆分,比如会将“中华人民共和国国歌”拆分为“中华人民共和国,国歌”,适合 Phrase 查询。

get http://localhost:9200/user_index/_analyze?analyzer=ik_smart&text=张三李四

返回

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "张三李四",
            "start_offset": 0,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 0
        }
    ]
}

ik_max_word: 会将文本做最细粒度的拆分,比如会将“中华人民共和国国歌”拆分为“中华人民共和国,中华人民,中华,华人,人民共和国,人民,人,民,共和国,共和,和,国国,国歌”,会穷尽各种可能的组合,适合 Term Query;

get http://localhost:9200/user_index/_analyze?analyzer=ik_max_word&text=张三李四

返回

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "张三李四",
            "start_offset": 0,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 0
        },
        {
            "token": "张三",
            "start_offset": 0,
            "end_offset": 2,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 1
        },
        {
            "token": "三",
            "start_offset": 1,
            "end_offset": 2,
            "type": "TYPE_CNUM",
            "position": 2
        },
        {
            "token": "李四",
            "start_offset": 2,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 3
        },
        {
            "token": "四",
            "start_offset": 3,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "TYPE_CNUM",
            "position": 4
        }
    ]
}

get http://localhost:9200/user_index/_analyze?analyzer=pinyin&text=张三李四

返回

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "zhang",
            "start_offset": 0,
            "end_offset": 1,
            "type": "word",
            "position": 0
        },
        {
            "token": "zsls",
            "start_offset": 0,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "word",
            "position": 0
        },
        {
            "token": "san",
            "start_offset": 1,
            "end_offset": 2,
            "type": "word",
            "position": 1
        },
        {
            "token": "li",
            "start_offset": 2,
            "end_offset": 3,
            "type": "word",
            "position": 2
        },
        {
            "token": "si",
            "start_offset": 3,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "word",
            "position": 3
        }
    ]
}

3. 自定义分词器,ik+pinyin组合使用

ik中文分词器,貌似没有可以设置的属性,直接用就行了。

拼音分词器有许多可以设置的选项。可以自行定义。原本的拼音分词器,只能分析出来全拼、首字母全拼、和每个字的完整拼音,不过这个每个字的完整拼音我觉得没什么作用,太细微。我想实现的功能是,可以让中文分词器分词后的字词,再被拼音分词器分词,就可以用下面的方式,tokenizer 使用 中文分词器ik_max_word,最后的标记过滤器,再使用pinyin 分词器过滤一遍就可以了。

{
  "index": {
    "number_of_replicas" : "0",
    "number_of_shards" : "1",
    "analysis": {
      "analyzer": {
        "ik_pinyin_analyzer": {
          "tokenizer": "my_ik_pinyin",
          "filter": "pinyin_first_letter_and_full_pinyin_filter"
        },
        "pinyin_analyzer": {
          "tokenizer": "my_pinyin"
        }
      },
      "tokenizer": {
        "my_ik_pinyin": {
          "type": "ik_max_word"
        },
        "my_pinyin": {
          "type": "pinyin",
          "keep_first_letter": true,
          "keep_separate_first_letter": false,
          "keep_full_pinyin": false,
          "keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
          "keep_none_chinese": true,
          "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false,
          "keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin": true,
          "keep_original": false,
          "limit_first_letter_length": 16,
          "lowercase": true,
          "trim_whitespace": true,
          "remove_duplicated_term": true
        }
      },
      "filter": {
        "pinyin_first_letter_and_full_pinyin_filter": {
          "type": "pinyin",
          "keep_first_letter": true,
          "keep_separate_first_letter": false,
          "keep_full_pinyin": false,
          "keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
          "keep_none_chinese": true,
          "none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false,
          "keep_none_chinese_in_joined_full_pinyin": true,
          "keep_original": false,
          "limit_first_letter_length": 16,
          "lowercase": true,
          "trim_whitespace": true,
          "remove_duplicated_term": true
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

我们测试一下

http://localhost:9200/drug_index/_analyze?analyzer=ik_pinyin_analyzer&text=阿莫西林胶囊

返回的结果就是汉字ik_max_word分词后的结果,再按照拼音分词的规则做了分析。

{
    "tokens": [
        {
            "token": "amoxilin",
            "start_offset": 0,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 0
        },
        {
            "token": "amxl",
            "start_offset": 0,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 0
        },
        {
            "token": "moxi",
            "start_offset": 1,
            "end_offset": 3,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 1
        },
        {
            "token": "mx",
            "start_offset": 1,
            "end_offset": 3,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 1
        },
        {
            "token": "xilin",
            "start_offset": 2,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 2
        },
        {
            "token": "xl",
            "start_offset": 2,
            "end_offset": 4,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 2
        },
        {
            "token": "jiaonang",
            "start_offset": 4,
            "end_offset": 6,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 3
        },
        {
            "token": "jn",
            "start_offset": 4,
            "end_offset": 6,
            "type": "CN_WORD",
            "position": 3
        }
    ]
}

4. 代码测试

package com.boot.es.model;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.data.annotation.Id;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Document;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Field;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.FieldType;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.InnerField;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.MultiField;
import org.springframework.data.elasticsearch.annotations.Setting;

/**
 * Author:   susq
 * Date:     2019-06-30 10:12
 */
@Data
@Document(indexName = "drug_index", type = "drug")
@Setting(settingPath = "settings.json")
public class Drug {

    @Id
    private Long id;

    @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword)
    private String price;

    @MultiField(
            mainField = @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword),
            otherFields = {
                    @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "ik", analyzer = "ik_max_word", searchAnalyzer = "ik_max_word"),
                    @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "ik_pinyin", analyzer = "ik_pinyin_analyzer", searchAnalyzer = "ik_pinyin_analyzer"),
                    @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "pinyin", analyzer = "pinyin_analyzer", searchAnalyzer = "pinyin_analyzer")
            }
    )
    private String name;

    @MultiField(
            mainField = @Field(type = FieldType.Keyword),
            otherFields = {
                    @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "ik", analyzer = "ik_max_word", searchAnalyzer = "ik_smart"),
                    @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "ik_pinyin", analyzer = "ik_pinyin_analyzer", searchAnalyzer = "ik_pinyin_analyzer"),
                    @InnerField(type = FieldType.Text, suffix = "pinyin", analyzer = "pinyin_analyzer", searchAnalyzer = "pinyin_analyzer")
            }
    )
    private String effect;
}
@Test
public void drugSaveTest() {
  Drug drug = new Drug();
  drug.setId(1L);
  drug.setName("阿莫西林胶囊");
  drug.setPrice("10");
  drug.setEffect("阿莫西林适用于敏感菌(不产β内酰胺酶菌株)所致的感染");

  Drug drug1 = new Drug();
  drug1.setId(3L);
  drug1.setName("阿莫西林");
  drug1.setPrice("10");
  drug1.setEffect("阿莫西林适用于敏感菌(不产β内酰胺酶菌株)所致的感染");

  Drug drug2 = new Drug();
  drug2.setId(2L);
  drug2.setName("999感冒灵颗粒");
  drug2.setPrice("20");
  drug2.setEffect("本品解热镇痛。用于感冒引起的头痛,发热,鼻塞,流涕,咽痛等");

  drugRepository.saveAll(Lists.newArrayList(drug, drug1, drug2));

  List<Drug> drugs = Lists.newArrayList(drugRepository.findAll());
  log.info("以保存的drugs: {}", drugs);
}

@Test
public void drugSaveTest() {
  Drug drug = new Drug();
  drug.setId(1L);
  drug.setName("阿莫西林胶囊");
  drug.setPrice("10");
  drug.setEffect("阿莫西林适用于敏感菌(不产β内酰胺酶菌株)所致的感染");

  Drug drug1 = new Drug();
  drug1.setId(3L);
  drug1.setName("阿莫西林");
  drug1.setPrice("10");
  drug1.setEffect("阿莫西林适用于敏感菌(不产β内酰胺酶菌株)所致的感染");

  Drug drug2 = new Drug();
  drug2.setId(2L);
  drug2.setName("999感冒灵颗粒");
  drug2.setPrice("20");
  drug2.setEffect("本品解热镇痛。用于感冒引起的头痛,发热,鼻塞,流涕,咽痛等");

  drugRepository.saveAll(Lists.newArrayList(drug, drug1, drug2));

  List<Drug> drugs = Lists.newArrayList(drugRepository.findAll());
  log.info("以保存的drugs: {}", drugs);
}

/**
 * 这个测试中,name(不带后缀的时候是Keyword类型),不分词的时候,如果能匹配到 	* 那就是完全匹配,应该要得分高一点,所以设置是match查询的两倍
 */
@Test
public void drugIkSearchTest() {
  NativeSearchQueryBuilder builder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder();
  NativeSearchQuery query = builder.withQuery(QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
                                              .should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name", "阿莫西林")).boost(2)
                                              .should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name.ik", "阿莫西林")).boost(1))
    .build();
  log.info("DSL:{}", query.getQuery().toString());
  Iterable<Drug> iterable = drugRepository.search(query);
  List<Drug> drugs = Lists.newArrayList(iterable);
  log.info("result: {}", drugs);
}

/**
 * 这个测试中,name.pinyin(只生成整个name的全拼和所有汉字首字母的全拼接),    	* 这个匹配的时候就是完全匹配,得分应该高一点
 */
@Test
public void drugPinyinSearchTest() {
  NativeSearchQueryBuilder builder = new NativeSearchQueryBuilder();
  NativeSearchQuery query = builder.withQuery(QueryBuilders.boolQuery()
                                              .should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name.ik_pinyin", "阿莫西林").boost(1))
                                              .should(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("name.pinyin", "阿莫西林").boost(2))
                                             )
    .withSort(SortBuilders.scoreSort())
    .build();
  log.info("DSL:{}", query.getQuery().toString());
  Iterable<Drug> iterable = drugRepository.search(query);
  List<Drug> drugs = Lists.newArrayList(iterable);
  log.info("result: {}", drugs);
}

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