[Scrapy]模拟登陆并获取Cookie值

1.分析登陆网址的方式
1.1使用Firefox或者Chrom浏览器F12，以Firefox登陆广工图书馆为例（该网址设计使用Cookie来记录登陆状态）
1.2登陆前

1.3登陆后

1.4根据登陆后可见POST方法的参数

__EVENTTARGET:
__EVENTARGUMENT:
__VIEWSTATE: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
__EVENTVALIDATION:/wEWBQKNu6LYBwKOmK5RApX9wcYGAsP9wL8JAqW86pcI3FE0WSxHMScWQc3QHyrMix/0xmM=
ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$txtlogintype:0
ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$txtUsername_Lib:账号
ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$txtPas_Lib:密码
ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$btnLogin_Lib:登录

1.5在登陆前界面（http://222.200.122.171:7771/login.aspx）寻找POST参数，后期使用正则表达式进行筛选

①在登陆界面（http://222.200.122.171:7771/login.aspx）寻找POST参数：
"__EVENTTARGET" id="__EVENTTARGET" value="" type="hidden">
"__EVENTARGUMENT" id="__EVENTARGUMENT" value="" type="hidden">
"__VIEWSTATE" id="__VIEWSTATE" value="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" type="hidden">
type="hidden" name="__EVENTVALIDATION" id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="/wEWBQLL+rWqAwKOmK5RApX9wcYGAsP9wL8JAqW86pcI3+ohGVVAcOzsnECPPKNYB0mRpZ0=">
"ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$txtlogintype" type="hidden" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtlogintype" value="0">
"ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$btnLogin_Lib" value="登录" onclick="javascript:WebForm_DoPostBackWithOptions(new WebForm_PostBackOptions("ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$btnLogin_Lib", "", true, "", "", false, false))" id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_btnLogin_Lib" class="btn" type="submit">
②其中：
ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$txtUsername_Lib是登陆账号
ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$txtPas_Lib是密码

2.编写程序
2.1创建myproject的Scrapy工程（参考）
2.2编写\myproject\myproject\spiders\LoginSpider.py

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import re

class LoginSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'login'
    start_urls = ['http://222.200.122.171:7771/login.aspx']

    def parse(self, response):
        print 'befor_login============'
        pattern = re.compile(
                        'id="__EVENTTARGET" value="(.*?)"' +
                         '.*?' + 
                        'id="__EVENTARGUMENT" value="(.*?)"' +
                        '.*?' + 
                        'id="__VIEWSTATE" value="(.*?)"' +
                        '.*?' + 
                        'id="__EVENTVALIDATION" value="(.*?)"'+
                        '.*?' + 
                        'id="ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtlogintype" value="(.*?)"' +
                        '.*?' + 
                        'name="ctl00\$ContentPlaceHolder1\$btnLogin_Lib" value="(.*?)"'
                        ,re.S)
        items = re.findall(pattern,response.body.decode(response.encoding))
        print ("lin len: %d"%(len(items)))
        for item in items:         
            print ("lin __EVENTTARGET: %s"      %(item[0]))
            print ("lin __EVENTARGUMENT: %s"    %(item[1]))
            print ("lin __VIEWSTATE: %s"        %(item[2]))
            print ("lin __EVENTVALIDATION: %s"  %(item[3]))
            print ("lin ctl00_ContentPlaceHolder1_txtlogintype: %s"  %(item[4]))
            print ("lin ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$btnLogin_Lib: %s"  %(item[5]))

            yield scrapy.FormRequest.from_response(
            response,
            formdata={
                    '__EVENTTARGET': item[0],
                    '__EVENTARGUMENT': item[1],
                    '__VIEWSTATE': item[2],
                    '__EVENTVALIDATION': item[3],
                    'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$txtlogintype': item[4],
                    'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$txtUsername_Lib': 账号,
                    'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$txtPas_Lib': 密码,
                    'ctl00$ContentPlaceHolder1$btnLogin_Lib': item[5]},
            callback=self.after_login
            )

    def after_login(self, response):
        print 'after_login============'

        #查询网址的Cookie
        #请求Cookie
        Cookie = response.request.headers.getlist('Cookie')
        print 'Cookie',Cookie       
        #响应Cookie
        Cookie = response.headers.getlist('Set-Cookie')
        print 'Set-Cookie',Cookie

        #打印原始数据
        print response.body.decode(response.encoding) 
        #可以自定义Item进行数据处理

2.3设置\myproject\myproject\settings.py

# 自动传递cookies与打印cookies设置
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)  
COOKIES_ENABLED = True
COOKIES_DEBUG = True

2.4执行工程

3.总结
3.1正则表达式注意特殊符号需要使用转义符号，如：$。
3.2获取Cookie值方法可在Scrapy框架源码中寻找到，使用Notepad++（一般编辑器都有这个搜索功能）在Scrapy框架源码文件夹（如：C:\Users\lin\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-jm266e\Scrapy\scrapy）中搜索字符串Sending cookies或Received cookies即可。

3.3 Python爬虫之自动登录与验证码识别
（http://blog.csdn.net/tobacco5648/article/details/50640691）