Apache poi 复杂表头导出
本来公司是有一套自己的Excel导出工具，他是基于EasyPoi，奈何集成的EasyPoi版本过低，不支持一些复杂表头，只好用Apache poi 的这套框架来做，当然EasyPoi也是基于Apache poi 封装的
http://poi.apache.org/components/spreadsheet/quick-guide.html#CreateCells
我参考的是这篇文章
https://blog.csdn.net/Damon_wdc/article/details/78925005
但是对于这篇博文有一些问题，自己又在上面按照自己的理解改了一下，也达到了与原博主相同的效果
修改后的代码如下：
public HSSFWorkbook export(List list) {
// 声明String数组，并初始化元素（表头名称）
//第一行表头字段，合并单元格时字段跨几列就将该字段重复几次
String[] excelHeader0 = {
"城市名称",
"监测点",
"污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）", "污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）","污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）", "污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）",
"污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）", "污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）","污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）", "污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）",
"污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）", "污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）","污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）", "污染物浓度及空气质量分指数（AQI）",
"空气质量指数（AQI）",
"首要污染物",
"空气质量指数级别","空气质量指数类别", "空气质量指数类别"
};
// “0,2,0,0” ===> “起始行，截止行，起始列，截止列”
String[] headnum0 = {
"0,2,0,0", //第0列跨3行
"0,2,1,1", //第1列跨3行
"0,0,2,13", //第2-13列跨1行
"0,2,14,14",//第14列跨3行
"0,2,15,15",//第15列跨3行
"0,2,16,16",//第16列跨3行
"0,1,17,18" //第17-18列跨2行
};
//第二行表头字段，其中的空的双引号是为了补全表格边框
String[] excelHeader1 = {
"二氧化硫（SO₂）24小时平均", "二氧化硫（SO₂）24小时平均",
"二氧化氮（NO₂）24小时平均", "二氧化氮（NO₂）24小时平均",
"颗粒物（粒径小于等于10μm）24小时平均","颗粒物（粒径小于等于10μm）24小时平均",
"一氧化碳（CO）24小时平均", "一氧化碳（CO）24小时平均",
"臭氧（O₃）最大8小时平均", "臭氧（O₃）最大8小时平均",
"颗粒物（粒径小于等于2.5μm）24小时平均", "颗粒物（粒径小于等于2.5μm）24小时平均"
};
// 合并单元格
String[] headnum1 = {
"1,1,2,3", //第2-3列跨第1行
"1,1,4,5", //第4-5列跨第1行
"1,1,6,7",
"1,1,8,9",
"1,1,10,11",
"1,1,12,13" };
System.out.println(headnum1.length);
//第三行表头字段
String[] excelHeader2 = {
"浓度/（μg/m3）", "分指数",
"浓度/（μg/m3）", "分指数",
"浓度/（μg/m3）", "分指数",
"浓度/（μg/m3）", "分指数",
"浓度/（μg/m3）", "分指数",
"浓度/（μg/m3）", "分指数",
"类别", "颜色"
};
String[] headnum2 = {
"2,2,2,2", //第2列跨第2行
"2,2,3,3",
"2,2,4,4",
"2,2,5,5",
"2,2,6,6",
"2,2,7,7",
"2,2,8,8",
"2,2,9,9",
"2,2,10,10",
"2,2,11,11",
"2,2,12,12",
"2,2,13,13",
"2,2,17,17",
"2,2,18,18"
};
// 声明一个工作簿
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 生成一个表格
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("竞品收集汇总报表2");
// 生成一种样式style
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
// 设置样式
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
// 生成一种字体
HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
// 设置字体
font.setFontName("微软雅黑");
// 设置字体大小
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
// 字体加粗
font.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
// 在样式中引用这种字体
style.setFont(font);
// 生成并设置另一个样式style2
HSSFCellStyle style2 = wb.createCellStyle();
style2.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.LIGHT_YELLOW.index);
style2.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style2.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
// 生成另一种字体2
HSSFFont font2 = wb.createFont();
// 设置字体
font2.setFontName("微软雅黑");
// 设置字体大小
font2.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
// 字体加粗
// font2.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
// 在样式2中引用这种字体
style2.setFont(font2);
// 生成表格的第0行表头
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(0);
for (int i = 0; i < excelHeader0.length; i++) {
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellValue(excelHeader0[i]);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i, true);// 根据字段长度自动调整列的宽度
}
// 动态合并单元格
for (int i = 0; i < headnum0.length; i++) {
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i, true);
String[] temp = headnum0[i].split(",");
Integer startrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[0]);
Integer overrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[1]);
Integer startcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[2]);
Integer overcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[3]);
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(startrow, overrow, startcol, overcol));
}
// 第二行表头
row = sheet.createRow(1);
for (int i = 0; i < excelHeader1.length; i++) {
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i+2);
cell.setCellValue(excelHeader1[i]);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i+2, true);// 自动调整宽度
}
// 动态合并单元格
for (int i = 0; i < headnum1.length; i++) {
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i, true);
String[] temp = headnum1[i].split(",");
Integer startrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[0]);
Integer overrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[1]);
Integer startcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[2]);
Integer overcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[3]);
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(startrow, overrow, startcol, overcol));
}
// 第三行表头
row = sheet.createRow(2);
for (int i = 0; i < excelHeader2.length; i++) {
if(i>=12){
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i + 2 + 3);
cell.setCellValue(excelHeader2[i]);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i + 2 + 3, true);// 自动调整宽度
}else {
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i + 2);
cell.setCellValue(excelHeader2[i]);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i + 2, true);// 自动调整宽度
}
}
// 动态合并单元格
for (int i = 0; i < headnum2.length; i++) {
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i, true);
String[] temp = headnum2[i].split(",");
Integer startrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[0]);
Integer overrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[1]);
Integer startcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[2]);
Integer overcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[3]);
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(startrow, overrow, startcol, overcol));
}
//这个至此只是输出了表头，对于表格内容应当遍历list，循环填充每一个单元格
return wb;
}
调用这个方法
protected void doExportXls(HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request, List dataSet, Class pojoClass, String title) {
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
ServletOutputStream fOut = null;
try {
workbookname = new String(title.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO8859-1");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + workbookname + ".xls");
}
/**
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
//如果没有sheet导出来的表格内容异常
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("new sheet");
// Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
Row row = sheet.createRow(0);
// Create a cell and put a value in it.
Cell cell = row.createCell(0);
cell.setCellValue("我是123");
Cell cell2 = row.createCell(9);
cell2.setCellValue("我是row.createCell(9)创建，9代表这一行第9个单元格，从0开始");
fOut = response.getOutputStream();
workbook.write(fOut);
**/
ExportUtil exportUtil = new ExportUtil();
HSSFWorkbook wb = exportUtil.export(dataSet);//这一句调用我们上面写的方法
fOut = response.getOutputStream();
wb.write(fOut);
} catch (Exception var15) {
var15.printStackTrace();
throw new Exception("导出失败！");
} finally {
try {
fOut.flush();
fOut.close();
} catch (IOException var14) {
var14.printStackTrace();
}
}
} 
上面一一共渲染了三个表头，我们分解一下
第一个表头
第一二个表头
可以看到这个表头的表格中的字比较拥挤，主要是因为这个方法
https://poi.apache.org/apidocs/dev/org/apache/poi/ss/usermodel/Sheet.html#autoSizeColumn
autoSizeColumn
void autoSizeColumn（int column）
调整列宽以适合内容。
在大型工作表上，此过程可能相对较慢，因此通常只应在处理结束时每列调用一次。
您可以指定是否应考虑或忽略合并单元格的内容。默认是忽略合并的单元格。
参数：
column - 列索引
autoSizeColumn
void autoSizeColumn（int column， boolean useMergedCells）
调整列宽以适合内容。
在大型工作表上，此过程可能相对较慢，因此通常只应在处理结束时每列调用一次。
您可以指定是否应考虑或忽略合并单元格的内容。默认是忽略合并的单元格。
参数：
column - 列索引
useMergedCells - 在计算列的宽度时是否使用合并单元格的内容
需要注意的是要理解Excel的表格数据的渲染是从左往右，从上往下，逐个单元格渲染的
单个单元格
Workbook workbook = new HSSFWorkbook();
//如果没有sheet导出来的表格内容异常
Sheet sheet = workbook.createSheet("new sheet");
// Create a row and put some cells in it. Rows are 0 based.
Row row = sheet.createRow(0);
// Create a cell and put a value in it.
Cell cell = row.createCell(0);
cell.setCellValue("我是123");
Cell cell2 = row.createCell(9);
cell2.setCellValue("我是row.createCell(9)创建，9代表这一行第9个单元格，从0开始");
fOut = response.getOutputStream();
workbook.write(fOut);
最后贴上我实际写的代码
@RequestMapping(params = "exportExcel2")
public void ExportExcel2(TsCGCReportVo vo, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response){
List collection = tsCompGoodsCollectionReportService.findGoodsCollection2(vo, null);
this.doExportXls(response, request, collection, TsCGCReportVo.class, "竞品收集汇总表");
}
protected void doExportXls(HttpServletResponse response, HttpServletRequest request, List dataSet, Class pojoClass, String title) {
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel");
ServletOutputStream fOut = null;
try {
String workbookname;
if (BrowserUtils.isIE(request)) {
response.reset();
response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "private");
response.setHeader("Pragma", "private");
response.setContentType("application/vnd.ms-excel;charset=UTF-8");
response.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/force-download");
workbookname = URLEncoder.encode(title + ".xls", "UTF-8");
response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment;filename=" + workbookname);
} else {
workbookname = new String(title.getBytes("UTF-8"), "ISO8859-1");
response.setHeader("Content-Disposition", "attachment;filename=" + workbookname + ".xls");
}
ExportUtil exportUtil = new ExportUtil();
HSSFWorkbook wb = exportUtil.exportGoods(dataSet);
fOut = response.getOutputStream();
wb.write(fOut);
} catch (Exception var15) {
var15.printStackTrace();
throw new BusinessException("导出失败！");
} finally {
try {
fOut.flush();
fOut.close();
} catch (IOException var14) {
var14.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
public class ExportUtil {
public HSSFWorkbook exportGoods(List list) {
//int titleRow = 6;//表头标题及副标题占6行
//int tableBody = titleRow+1;//表头开始
// 声明String数组，并初始化元素（表头名称）
//第一行表头字段，合并单元格时字段跨几列就将该字段重复几次
String[] excelHeader0 = {
"组织",
"职位",
"姓名",
"终端编码",
"终端名称",
"终端地址",
"拜访时间",
"竞品编码",
"竞品名称",
"当月销量",
"竞品渠道促销","竞品渠道促销","竞品渠道促销","竞品渠道促销","竞品渠道促销",
"竞品消费者促销","竞品消费者促销","竞品消费者促销"
};//length=12
// “0,2,0,0” ===> “起始行，截止行，起始列，截止列”
String[] headnum0 = {
"7,9,0,0",
"7,9,1,1",
"7,9,2,2",
"7,9,3,3",
"7,9,4,4",
"7,9,5,5",
"7,9,6,6",
"7,9,7,7",
"7,9,8,8",
"7,9,9,9",
"7,7,10,14",
"7,7,15,17"
};
//第二行表头字段，其中的空的双引号是为了补全表格边框
String[] excelHeader1 = {
"渠道促销",
"陈列奖励","陈列奖励",
"促销效果打分",
"文字描述",
"消费者活动",
"促销效果打分",
"文字描述"
};
// 合并单元格
String[] headnum1 = {
"8,9,10,10",
"8,8,11,12",
"8,9,13,13",
"8,9,14,14",
"8,9,15,15",
"8,9,16,16",
"8,9,17,17"
};
System.out.println(headnum1.length);
//第三行表头字段
String[] excelHeader2 = {
"天",
"瓶"
};
String[] headnum2 = {
"9,9,11,11",
"9,9,12,12",
};
// 声明一个工作簿
HSSFWorkbook wb = new HSSFWorkbook();
// 生成一个表格
HSSFSheet sheet = wb.createSheet("竞品收集汇总报表2");
// 生成一种样式style
HSSFCellStyle style = wb.createCellStyle();
// 设置样式
style.setFillForegroundColor(HSSFColor.SKY_BLUE.index);
style.setFillPattern(HSSFCellStyle.SOLID_FOREGROUND);
style.setBorderBottom(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderLeft(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderRight(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setBorderTop(HSSFCellStyle.BORDER_THIN);
style.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
style.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
// 生成一种字体
HSSFFont font = wb.createFont();
// 设置字体
font.setFontName("微软雅黑");
// 设置字体大小
font.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 12);
// 在样式中引用这种字体
style.setFont(font);
// 生成标题样式style1
HSSFCellStyle style1 = wb.createCellStyle();
// 设置样式
style1.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
style1.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
// 生成标题字体1
HSSFFont font1 = wb.createFont();
// 设置字体
font1.setFontName("微软雅黑");
// 设置字体大小
font1.setFontHeightInPoints((short) 25);
// 字体加粗
font1.setBoldweight(HSSFFont.BOLDWEIGHT_BOLD);
// 在样式中引用这种字体
style1.setFont(font1);
HSSFRow titleRow = sheet.createRow(0);
HSSFCell titleCell = titleRow.createCell(0);
titleCell.setCellValue("竞品收集报表");
titleCell.setCellStyle(style1);
sheet.autoSizeColumn(0, true);
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(0, 4, 0, 17));
// 生成标题样式style2
HSSFCellStyle style2 = wb.createCellStyle();
// 设置样式
style2.setAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.ALIGN_CENTER);
style2.setVerticalAlignment(HSSFCellStyle.VERTICAL_CENTER);
HSSFRow titleRow2 = sheet.createRow(5);
HSSFCell titleCell2 = titleRow2.createCell(14);
titleCell2.setCellValue("导出人：超级管理员");
titleCell2.setCellStyle(style2);
sheet.autoSizeColumn(14, true);
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(5, 6, 14, 17));
HSSFRow row = sheet.createRow(7);
for (int i = 0; i < excelHeader0.length; i++) {
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i);
cell.setCellValue(excelHeader0[i]);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i, true);// 根据字段长度自动调整列的宽度
}
// 动态合并单元格
for (int i = 0; i < headnum0.length; i++) {
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i, true);
String[] temp = headnum0[i].split(",");
Integer startrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[0]);
Integer overrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[1]);
Integer startcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[2]);
Integer overcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[3]);
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(startrow, overrow, startcol, overcol));
}
// 第二行表头
row = sheet.createRow(8);
for (int i = 0; i < excelHeader1.length; i++) {
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i+10);
cell.setCellValue(excelHeader1[i]);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i+10, true);// 自动调整宽度
}
// 动态合并单元格
for (int i = 0; i < headnum1.length; i++) {
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i, true);
String[] temp = headnum1[i].split(",");
Integer startrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[0]);
Integer overrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[1]);
Integer startcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[2]);
Integer overcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[3]);
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(startrow, overrow, startcol, overcol));
}
// 第三行表头
row = sheet.createRow(9);
for (int i = 0; i < excelHeader2.length; i++) {
HSSFCell cell = row.createCell(i + 11);
cell.setCellValue(excelHeader2[i]);
cell.setCellStyle(style);
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i + 11, true);// 自动调整宽度
}
// 动态合并单元格
for (int i = 0; i < headnum2.length; i++) {
sheet.autoSizeColumn(i, true);
String[] temp = headnum2[i].split(",");
Integer startrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[0]);
Integer overrow = Integer.parseInt(temp[1]);
Integer startcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[2]);
Integer overcol = Integer.parseInt(temp[3]);
sheet.addMergedRegion(new CellRangeAddress(startrow, overrow, startcol, overcol));
}
for(int i =0;i 页面上写个导出按钮，onclick函数就一句话
window.location.href = 'testController.do?exportExcel2'; 就可以导出了
可以看出这个请求是get方式的后面还可以拼接参数，但是对中文的支持不是很友好
具体解决方案如下
https://blog.csdn.net/uotail/article/details/84192036 的 10.2所述
报表对于图片的导出如下
if(StringUtil.isNotEmpty(entity.getPicture())){
try {
ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = this.urlImageToStream(entity.getPicture());
HSSFPatriarch patriarch = sheet.createDrawingPatriarch();
HSSFClientAnchor anchor = new HSSFClientAnchor(0, 0, 1020, 250,(short) 17, 7, (short) 17, 7);
anchor.setAnchorType(2);
patriarch.createPicture(anchor, wb.addPicture(outputStream.toByteArray(), wb.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}其中entity.getPicture()存放的是图片的http地址
public ByteArrayOutputStream urlImageToStream(String httpImagePath){
ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
try {
InputStream inputStream = null;
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(httpImagePath).openConnection();
//这里读取超时和连接超时都为5秒，实际可以设小一点，否则网络不好或图片地址不正确会很慢
connection.setReadTimeout(5000);
connection.setConnectTimeout(5000);
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
if (connection.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
inputStream = connection.getInputStream();
}
BufferedImage read = ImageIO.read(inputStream);
ImageIO.write(read,"jpg",outputStream);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return outputStream;
}
在实际开发中我们的业务报表往往是很复杂的特别是动态报表，但只要我们掌握了规律，认真的计算表头的位置，那也是很简单的，就是有点枯燥而已