一,术语介绍
轻量级:相对于重量级容器(如;EJB容器),Spring容器小,可在小型服务器上运行。
非侵入性:上层框架不会渗透到下层组件,提高组件的移值性和重用性
上层框架不依赖实现而是依赖抽象(委托接口),使得实现类变化不会影响上层组件。
loC(lnversion of Control):使得用 loC使得你不需要在代码中建立依赖关系,在配置中指定,使得程序更灵活,降低依赖。
二,自动绑定
可以通过类型(byType)或名称(byName)自动绑定
byType是按照Bean的class的类型 byName是通过Bean的i或name。
参考下面代码:
1 package indi.xiaoen.bean; 2 3 import java.util.Date; 4 5 public class HelloBean { 6 private String helloWorld; 7 private Date date; 8 9 public String getHelloWorld() { 10 return helloWorld; 11 } 12 public void setHelloWorld(String helloWorld) { 13 this.helloWorld = helloWorld; 14 } 15 public Date getDate() { 16 return date; 17 } 18 public void setDate(Date date) { 19 this.date = date; 20 } 21 22 @Override 23 public String toString() { 24 return "HelloBean [helloWorld=" + helloWorld + ", date=" + date + "]"; 25 } 26 27 28 }
1 xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> 3 <beans> 4 <bean id="date" class="java.util.Date"/> 5 6 7 <bean id="hello" class="indi.xiaoen.bean.HelloBean" autowire="byName"> 8 <property name="helloWorld" value="hi girl" /> 9 10 bean> 11 beans>.
1 Resource resource =new ClassPathResource("bean.xml"); 2 XmlBeanFactory xmlBeanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource); 3 //自动绑定 4 HelloBean helloBean=(HelloBean)xmlBeanFactory.getBean("hello"); 5 System.out.println(helloBean.toString());
上面的这段bean.xml代码里面的 autowire="byName" 意思是通过id=“userDao” 来查找Bean中的userDao对象。
三,集合对象的注入
重要对 数组,List,Properties,Map,Set 的注入
请参考下面代码:
1 package indi.xiaoen.bean; 2 3 import java.util.Arrays; 4 import java.util.List; 5 import java.util.Map; 6 7 public class SomeBean { 8 private String[] strArrary; 9 private HelloBean[] helloBean; 10 private List list; 11 private Map map; 12 13 public String[] getStrArrary() { 14 return strArrary; 15 } 16 public void setStrArrary(String[] strArrary) { 17 this.strArrary = strArrary; 18 } 19 20 public HelloBean[] getHelloBean() { 21 return helloBean; 22 } 23 public void setHelloBean(HelloBean[] helloBean) { 24 this.helloBean = helloBean; 25 } 26 public List getList() { 27 return list; 28 } 29 public void setList(List list) { 30 this.list = list; 31 } 32 public Map getMap() { 33 return map; 34 } 35 public void setMap(Map map) { 36 this.map = map; 37 } 38 39 40 @Override 41 public String toString() { 42 return "SomeBean [strArrary=" + Arrays.toString(strArrary) + ", helloBean=" + Arrays.toString(helloBean) + ", list=" + list 43 + ", map=" + map + "]"; 44 } 45 46 }
1 xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING/DTD BEAN/EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd"> 3 <beans> 4 5 6 <bean class="indi.xiaoen.bean.SomeBean" id="some"> 7 <property name="strArrary"> 8 <list> 9 <value>v1value> 10 <value>v2value> 11 <value>v3value> 12 list> 13 property> 14 15 16 <property name="list"> 17 <list> 18 <value>Now's the timevalue> 19 <ref local="date"/> 20 list> 21 property> 22 23 24 <property name="helloBean"> 25 <list> 26 <ref bean="hello"/> 27 <ref bean="hello"/> 28 <ref bean="hello"/> 29 list> 30 property> 31 32 33 <property name="map"> 34 <map> 35 <entry key="two"> 36 <ref local="date"/> 37 entry> 38 <entry key="one"> 39 <value>Now's the timevalue> 40 entry> 41 map> 42 property> 43 bean> 44 45 46 beans>
1 //集合对象的注入 2 Resource resource =new ClassPathResource("bean.xml"); 3 XmlBeanFactory xmlBeanFactory = new XmlBeanFactory(resource); 4 SomeBean someBean=(SomeBean)xmlBeanFactory.getBean("some"); 5 System.out.println(someBean.toString());
四,PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer是个bean工厂后置处理器的实现,也就是BeanFactoryPostProcessor接口的一个实现。
在Spring中,使用PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer可以在xml配置文件中加入外部属性文件,当然也可以指定外部文件编码。
PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer可以将上下文(配置文件)中的属性值放入另一个单独的标准java Properties文件中去,在xml文件
中用${key}替换指定的Properties文件中值,所以只要对Properties文件进行修改,而不用修改xml配置文件。
具体使用参考下面代码:
1 package indi.xiaoen.bean; 2 3 public class OracleConfigBean { 4 private String url; 5 private String userName; 6 private String drive; 7 private String pwd; 8 9 10 public String getUrl() { 11 return url; 12 } 13 public void setUrl(String url) { 14 this.url = url; 15 } 16 public String getUserName() { 17 return userName; 18 } 19 public void setUserName(String userName) { 20 this.userName = userName; 21 } 22 public String getDrive() { 23 return drive; 24 } 25 public void setDrive(String drive) { 26 this.drive = drive; 27 } 28 public String getPwd() { 29 return pwd; 30 } 31 public void setPwd(String pwd) { 32 this.pwd = pwd; 33 } 34 @Override 35 public String toString() { 36 return "OracleConfigBean [url=" + url + ", userName=" + userName + ", drive=" + drive + ", pwd=" + pwd + "]"; 37 } 38 39 40 }
1 #oracle\u8FDE\u63A5\u6570\u636E\u5E93\u53C2\u6570 2 jdbc.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:orcl 3 jdbc.driver=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver 4 jdbc.user=scott 5 jdbc.pwd=tiger
在xml配置文件中引入Properties文件
1 2 <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" id="configBeans"> 3 <property name="locations"> 4 <list> 5 <value>classpath:bean.propertiesvalue> 6 <value>classpath:config.propertiesvalue> 7 list> 8 property> 9 bean> 10 11 12 <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer" id="configBean"> 13 <property name="location" value="classpath:config.properties"> 14 property> 15 bean> 16 17 18 <bean id="connectConfig" class="indi.xiaoen.bean.OracleConfigBean"> 19 <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/> 20 <property name="drive" value="${jdbc.driver}"/> 21 <property name="userName" value="${jdbc.user}"/> 22 <property name="pwd" value="${jdbc.pwd}"/> 23 bean>
在启动容器时,初始化bean时,${key}就会替换成properties文件中的值
1 //配置文件访问外部的properties文件参数 2 WebApplicationContext applicationContext= WebApplicationContextUtils.getRequiredWebApplicationContext(getServletContext()); 3 OracleConfigBean configBean=(OracleConfigBean)applicationContext.getBean("connectConfig"); 4 System.out.println(configBean.toString())