LVS+Keepalive双机热备

实验环境

本实验基于CentOS7.3 操作系统,总共5台设备,两台做后端web服务器,两台做lvs和keepalived,一台做客户机,实验以LVS(DR)+Keepalived和LVS(NAT)+Keepalived两种模式来做双机热备份,实验环境拓扑如下图所示:
LVS+Keepalive双机热备_第1张图片
上图为DR+keepalived模式拓扑,NAT+keepalived模式,在两台lvs调度器上分别新添加了一张网卡,拓扑与上图类似

DR+keepalived模式

(1)配置后端web服务器
Web_Server1
基本配置:

yum -y install epel-release     //安装Nginx源
yum -y install nginx    //安装Nginx
systemctl start nginx     //启动Nginx服务
systemctl enable nginx     //加入开机自启
mv /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html_bak     //备份原有默认页面
vi /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html     //测试页面
This is Server 111111    //测试页面内容
为了便于实验验证,关闭防火墙和selinux
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0

验证:
LVS+Keepalive双机热备_第2张图片
Web_Server2,配置同上,唯一不同的地方就是测试页面的内容,可以设置为“This is Server 222222”便于验证,配置完后的验证结果如下:
LVS+Keepalive双机热备_第3张图片
(2)配置LVS
LVS1

yum -y install keepalived* ipvsadm    //安装keepalived和lvs管理工具
modprobe ip_vs    //加载内核模块
mv /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf_bak    //备份配置文件
vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf    //配置keepalived和DR
global_defs {
    router_id LVS_TEST    #服务器名字
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER    #配置主备,备用机此配置项为BACKUP
    interface ens33    #指定接口
    virtual_router_id 51    #指定路由ID,主备必须一样
    priority 101    #设置优先级,主略高于备份
    advert_int 1    #设置检查时间
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS    #设置验证加密方式
        auth_type 1234    #设置验证密码
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.100
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.1.100 80 {
    delay_loop 15    #健康检查时间
    lb_algo rr    #LVS调度算法
    lb_kind DR   #LVS工作模式
    !persistence 60    #是否保持连接,!不保持
    protocol TCP    #服务采用TCP协议
    real_server 192.168.1.10 80 {
        weight 1    #权重
        TCP_CHECK {    #TCP检查
            connect_port 80   #检查端口80
            connect_timeout 3    #超时时间3秒
            nb_get_retry 3    #重试次数3次
            delay_before_retry 4    #重试间隔4秒
        }
    }
    real_server 192.168.1.20 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 4
        }
    }
}

为了方便实验验证关闭防火墙和selinux

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0

重启keepalived服务

systemctl restart keepalived
systemctl enable keepalived

通过ip a验证虚拟IP是否生效

[root@lvs1 ~]# ip a
1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:1c:36:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.30/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.1.100/32 scope global ens33    #虚拟IP
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::e407:238a:8fd0:2ee8/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

LVS2的配置同LVS1,只需将配置文件中下面两处修改即可

global_defs {
    router_id LVS_TEST
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP     #类型为备份
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 99      #优先级
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_type 1234
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.100
    }
}

virtual_server 192.168.1.100 80 {
    delay_loop 15
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind DR
    !persistence 60
    protocol TCP
    real_server 192.168.1.10 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 4
        }
    }
    real_server 192.168.1.20 80 {
        weight 1
        TCP_CHECK {
            connect_port 80
            connect_timeout 3
            nb_get_retry 3
            delay_before_retry 4
        }
    }
}

关掉主服务器的keepalived服务,验证备份的keepalived是否生效

[root@lvs2 ~]# ip a
1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:97:50:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.1.40/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 192.168.1.100/32 scope global ens33       #虚拟IP漂到备份服务器上了
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::422b:2205:9d05:215d/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

验证DR是否生效
LVS+Keepalive双机热备_第4张图片

NAT+keepalived模式

说明:NAT模式的话,两个lvs调度器分别需要两张网卡,一张用来连接内部web服务器,一张模拟外网,其他配置跟DR+keepalived模式一样,只需给两台lvs调度服务器分别添加一张网卡,在keepalived配置文件中再添加一个虚拟IP,将lvs模式从DR修改成NAT即可,具体操作步骤如下:
(1)给两台lvs调度服务器添加一张网卡,跟第一张网卡不要在同一网段即可(此处省略),我添加网卡的网段如下:
LVS1
LVS+Keepalive双机热备_第5张图片
LVS2
LVS+Keepalive双机热备_第6张图片
(2)其他要安装的包和需要关闭的东西和前面DR+keepalived模式一样(此处省略),唯一不同的是需要在两台LVS调度器上启用路由转发功能,具体操作如下:

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

(3)修改keepalived配置文件,大致内容与DR+keepalived模式一样,具体要修改的地方如下:
LVS1

vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
......
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens33
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 101
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_type 1234
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        192.168.1.100
    }
}
# 再原来DR+keepalived模式的基础上添加一个虚拟IP
vrrp_instance VI_2 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens37    #指定接口为新添加的网卡
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 101
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_type 1234
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        172.16.1.100
    }
}
# 这一块将原来的192.168.1.100改为172.16.1.100,并将模式改为NAT,其他配置不变
virtual_server 172.16.1.100 80 {   
    delay_loop 15
    lb_algo rr
    lb_kind NAT   #LVS工作模式
    !persistence 60
    protocol TCP
    ......

修改完之后重启服务

systemctl restart keepalived

LVS2修改的内容跟LVS1一样,修改完后重启服务(此处省略)
(4)验证NAT+keepalived模式是否成功
LVS+Keepalive双机热备_第7张图片
关掉LVS1上的keepalived服务,再次验证,看keepalived有没有成功

systemctl stop keepalived

LVS+Keepalive双机热备_第8张图片
虚拟IP成功漂到备份服务器上
LVS+Keepalive双机热备_第9张图片
lvs负载正常跳转

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