部署LNMP架构

一、什么是LNMP架构
L：基于linux系统的架构
N：使用nginx软件
M：使用MySQL数据库
p：使用PHP,python等语音
的综合web架构
二、安装nginx软件

• 上传nginx源码包(可以从nginx.org下载)，并归档到/usr/src/目录下
  通过lrzsz上传

   [root@localhost ~]# tar xf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
   [root@localhost ~]# ls /usr/src/
   debug  kernels  nginx-1.16.0
  

• 安装源码编译是需要的函数库，和编译软件
  pcre-devel：正则支持包
  zlib-devel：解压支持的包
  openssl-devel：支持加密

   [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel
  

• 创建运行用户，组

   [root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
  

• 编译安装nginx

   root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/nginx-1.16.0/
   [root@localhost nginx-1.16.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_gzip_static_module&&make && make install
  

  ---

   	--prefix		设定Nginx的安装目录
   	--user和--group	指定Nginx运行用户和组
   	--with-http_stub_status_module	启用http_stub_status_module模块以支持状态统计
   	--with-http_ssl_module	启用SSL模块
   	--with-http_flv_module	启用FLV模块，提供寻求内存使用基于时间的偏移量文件
   	--with-http_gzip_static_module 此模块的作用就是在接到请求后，会到url相同的路径的文件系统去找扩展名为“.gz”的文件 
  

三、安装mysql数据库

• 上传mysql源码包和boost源码包解压
  mysql需要boost的支持

   [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /usr/local/boost
   [root@localhost ~]# ls
   anaconda-ks.cfg  boost_1_59_0.tar.gz  mysql-5.7.24.tar.gz  nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz
   [root@localhost ~]# tar xf boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/boost/
   [root@localhost ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.24.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
  

• 安装编译是需要的函数库或编译工具

   [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel cmake
  

• 创建运行的用户，组

   [root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
  

• 编译安装mysql

   cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost&& make && make install
  

---

	-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql //数据库程序安装目录
	-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 //指定字符集编码
	-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci //默认的字符集校对规则，utf8_general_ci适用于utf-8字符集的通用规则
	-DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all //指定额外支持的字符集编码
	-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc //指定配置文件存放目录

• 设置mysql中文件属主属组

   [root@localhost mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./  #递归设置将所有文件目录
  

• 修改配置文件

   [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
   [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
   [mysqld]
   datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data   #指定data目录位置
   socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
   # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
   symbolic-links=0
   # Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
   # If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
   # customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
   # instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
   
   [mysqld_safe]
   log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.log  #指定错误日志位置
   pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid  #指定pid文件位置
   
   #
   # include all files from the config directory
   #
   !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
  

• 初始化mysql数据库

   [root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --initialize
   2019-09-10T21:45:51.102478Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
   2019-09-10T21:45:54.725086Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
   2019-09-10T21:45:54.790635Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
   2019-09-10T21:45:54.846924Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 5dbacf71-d414-11e9-924b-000c29def907.
   2019-09-10T21:45:54.848308Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
   2019-09-10T21:45:54.849392Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 

---

	--basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ //指定安装目录（产品目录）
	--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data //指定数据目录
	--user=mysql //指定用户身份

• 添加mysql命令到变量中

   [root@localhost ~]# echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile
   [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile  #执行脚本是变量生效
  

• 设置启动文件，启动mysql服务

   #将mysql的启动文件复制到/etc/init.d/下改名为mysqld
   [root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
   [root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
   Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.log'.
   . SUCCESS! 
  

• 查看是否启动

   [root@localhost ~]# netstat -lunpt | grep mysql
   tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      28282/mysqld  
  

• 修改mysql数据库密码

   [root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p' 
   mysql> set password = password('123456');
   Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
   
   mysql> quit;
   #重新登录，成功登录修改密码成功
   [root@localhost ~]# mysql -u root -p'123456'
   mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
   Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
   Your MySQL connection id is 19
   Server version: 5.7.24 Source distribution
   
   Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   
   Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
   affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
   owners.
   
   Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
   
   mysql> 
  

三、安装PHP软件

• 上传PHP安装包，解归档

   [root@localhost ~]# tar xf php-5.6.39.tar.gz -C /usr/src/
  

• 安装编译所需要的函数库和编译工具

   [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install gd libxml2-devel libjpeg-devel libpng-devel
  

• 创建程序用户和组

   [root@localhost ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin php
  

• 编译安装PHP

   [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/php-5.6.39/
   [root@localhost php-5.6.39]#  ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5 --with-gd --with-zlib --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5 --enable-mbstring --enable-fpm --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib && make && make install
  

• 生成主配置文件，加载PHP命令使系统可用

   #将源码包下的 php.ini-production 复制到 /usr/local/php5/下改名为php.ini
   [root@localhost php-5.6.39]# cp php.ini-production /usr/local/php5/php.ini
   [root@localhost php-5.6.39]# ln -s /usr/local/php5/bin/ /usr/local/bin/
   [root@localhost php-5.6.39]# ln -s /usr/local/php5/sbin/ /usr/local/sbin/
  

• 安装ZendGuardLander(注意：若是64位系统，该软件得到其官网下载64位的相应软件包，若用32位的就会报错。下载地址：http://www.zend.com/en/products/guard/downloads

   [root@localhost ~]# tar xf zend-loader-php5.6-linux-x86_64_update1.tar.gz 
   [root@localhost ~]# ls
   anaconda-ks.cfg      mysql-5.7.24.tar.gz  php-5.6.39.tar.gz                zend-loader-php5.6-linux-x86_64_update1.tar.gz
   boost_1_59_0.tar.gz  nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz  zend-loader-php5.6-linux-x86_64
   [root@localhost ~]# cd zend-loader-php5.6-linux-x86_64
   [root@localhost zend-loader-php5.6-linux-x86_64]# ls
   opcache.so  README.txt  ZendGuardLoader.so
   [root@localhost zend-loader-php5.6-linux-x86_64]# cp ZendGuardLoader.so /usr/local/php5/lib/php/
   #修改主配置文件开启
   [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/php5/php.ini 
   zend_extension=/usr/local/php5/lib/php/vim
   zend_loader.enable=1
  

四、配置nginx支持PHP

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/php5/etc/
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
[root@localhost etc]# vim php-fpm.conf
25 pid = run/php-fpm.pid		//确认pid文件位置
 149 user = php				//运行用户
 150 group = php				//运行组
246pm.start_servers = 20		//启动时开启的进程数
251pm.min_spare_servers = 5	//最少空闲进程数
256pm.max_spare_servers = 35	//最大空闲进程数
241pm.max_children = 50		//最多空闲进程数
[root@localhost etc]# /usr/local/php5/sbin/php-fpm  #启动fpm
[root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
location ~\.php$ {
        root   html;
        fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        include fastcgi.conf;
    }
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload  #刷新配置
[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx  #重启服务

五、测试

• 关闭防火墙，安全机制

   [root@localhost ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
   [root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
   [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0
  

• 书写测试文件

   #测试PHP是否成功
   [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/php.php 
   
   #测试数据库是否可用
   [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/mysql.php 
   恭喜你，大功告成！！"; //连接成功则返回信息
   mysqli_close();                                                         //关闭数据库连接
   ?>
   ~  
  

• 测试结果