ssh免密钥登录

1.Linux下生成密钥

通过命令”ssh-keygen -t rsa -P“   生成之后会在用户的根目录生成一个 “.ssh”的文件夹。
进入“.ssh”会生成以下几个文件:

.ssh目录内容

authorized_keys:存放远程免密登录的公钥,主要通过这个文件记录多台机器的公钥
id_rsa : 生成的私钥文件
id_rsa.pub : 生成的公钥文件
know_hosts : 已知的主机公钥清单

如果希望ssh公钥生效需满足至少下面两个条件:
1) .ssh目录的权限必须是700
2) .ssh/authorized_keys文件权限必须是600


2.远程免密登录

原理图:

ssh免密钥登录_第1张图片
免密钥原理

常用以下四种方法:

2.1 手工复制粘贴的方式
        将本地id_rsa.pub文件的内容拷贝至远程服务器的~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中

2.2 通过scp将内容写到对方的文件中
       命令:scp -p ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

举例:
[root@test .ssh]# scp -p ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]:/root/.ssh/[email protected]'s password:id_rsa.pub 100% 408 0.4KB/s 00:00
[root@test .ssh]#
[root@test .ssh]# ssh [email protected] login: Mon Oct 10 01:27:02 2016 from 192.168.91.133
[root@localhost ~]#

也可以分为两步操作:
$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@:pub_key //将文件拷贝至远程服务器
$ cat ~/pub_key >>~/.ssh/authorized_keys //将内容追加到authorized_keys文件中, 不过要登录远程服务器来执行这条命令。

2.3 通过ssh-copy-id的方式
        命令: ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.put

举例:

[root@test .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.91.135
[email protected]'s password:
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh '192.168.91.135'", and check in:.ssh/authorized_keys
to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.
[root@test .ssh]# ssh [email protected]
Last login: Mon Oct 10 01:25:49 2016 from 192.168.91.133
[root@localhost ~]#

常见错误:       
[root@test ~]# ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub 192.168.91.135       
-bash: ssh-copy-id: command not found //提示命令不存在       
解决办法:yum -y install openssh-clients


2.4 通过Ansible实现批量免密

2.4.1 将需要做免密操作的机器hosts添加到/etc/ansible/hosts下:
[Avoid close]
192.168.91.132
192.168.91.133
192.168.91.134

2.4.2 执行命令进行免密操作
ansible -m authorized_key -a "user=root key='{{ lookup('file','/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}'" -k

示例:
[[email protected]]# ansible test -m authorized_key -a "user=root key='{{ lookup('file','/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}'" -k
    SSH password: ----->输入密码
    192.168.91.135 | success >> {
    "changed": true,
    "key": "ssh-rsa   [email protected]",
    "key_options": null,
    "keyfile": "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys",
    "manage_dir": true,
    "path": null,
    "state": "present",
    "unique": false,
    "user": "root"
        }
[[email protected]]#

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