SpringCloud(H版&alibaba)框架学习笔记
微服务架构入门
SpringCloud : 分布式微服务架构的一站式解决方案，是多种微服务架构落地技术的集合体，俗称微服务全家桶
服务注册与发现：EUREKA
服务负载均衡与用：NETFLIX OSS RIBBON
服务负载与调用：NETTFLIX
服务熔断降级：HYSTRIX
服务网关：Zuul
服务分布式配置：SpringCloud Config
服务开发：SpingBoot
SpringBoot 2.0版和SpringCloud H版 强烈建议使用SpringBoot 2.0以上
SpringBoot和SpringCloud之间版本有约束 H版对应2.2 G版对应2.1
开发使用的版本
cloud:Hoxton.SR1
springboot:2.2.2.RELEASE
cloud alibaba:2.1.0.RELEASE
java：java8
Maven 3.5以上
Mysql:5.7以上
1. 新建Maven父工程 cloud2020
新建一个maven工程，用来多模块管理便于开发，会实现多个支付服务，一个订单服务，一个eureka 集群
maven 骨架选择 org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-site
新建模块的五大步
- 新建 module
- 修改 pom 文件
- 配置 yml 文件
- 配置主启动类
- 业务代码
pom 文件
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloudgroupId>
<artifactId>cloud2020artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
<packaging>pompackaging>
<name>Mavenname>
<url>http://maven.apache.org/url>
<inceptionYear>2001inceptionYear>
<distributionManagement>
<site>
<id>websiteid>
<url>scp://webhost.company.com/www/websiteurl>
site>
distributionManagement>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18lombok.version>
<mysql.version>8.0.12mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.1.16druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0mybatis.spring.boot.version>
properties>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependenciesartifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASEversion>
<type>pomtype>
<scope>importscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependenciesartifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR1version>
<type>pomtype>
<scope>importscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependenciesartifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASEversion>
<type>pomtype>
<scope>importscope>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
<artifactId>druidartifactId>
<version>${druid.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junitgroupId>
<artifactId>junitartifactId>
<version>${junit.version}version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}version>
<optional>trueoptional>
dependency>
dependencies>
dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>
<configuration>
<fork>truefork>
<addResources>trueaddResources>
configuration>
plugin>
plugins>
build>
project>
2. 建立支付module: cloud-provider-payment8001
2.1 pom
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020artifactId>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloudgroupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-provider-payment8001artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibabagroupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starterartifactId>
<version>1.1.10version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbcartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId>
<scope>runtimescope>
<optional>trueoptional>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
<optional>trueoptional>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
dependencies>
project>
2.2 application.yml
server:
port: 8001
spring:
application:
name: cloud-provider-service
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource #当前数据源操作类型
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver #mysql驱动包
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db2019?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC&autoReconnect=true
username: root
password: 123456
mybatis:
mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
type-aliases-package: com.atguigu.springcloud.entities #所有Entity别名类所在包
2.3 主启动类
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class PaymentMain8001 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(PaymentMain8001.class,args);
}
}
2.4 新建数据库 db2020 ，创建表 payment
CREATE TABLE `payment`(
`id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 'ID',
`serial` varchar(200) DEFAULT '',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGING=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8
2.5 业务类 dao service controller
***Payment ***
//主实体类 Payment
package com.atguigu.springcloud.entities;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment {
private Long id;
private String serial;
}
CommonResult 封装返回结果的实体类
//Json封装体CommentResult,传给前端，判断编码是否成功，成功才显示
package com.atguigu.springcloud.entities;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> { //泛型：如果装的payment 返回payment,装的order 返回order
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
this(code,message,null);
}
}
**PaymentDao **
//PaymentDao
package com.atguigu.springcloud.dao;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
@Mapper
public interface PaymentDao {
int create(Payment payment);
Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
dao-> xml
<mapper namespace="com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao">
<insert id="create" parameterType="Payment" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
insert into payment(serial) values(#{serial})
insert>
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="serial" property="serial" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
resultMap>
<select id="getPaymentById" parameterType="Long" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select * from payment where id=#{id};
select>
mapper>
PaymentService
//PaymentService
package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
public interface PaymentService {
public int create(Payment payment);
public Payment getPaymentById(@Param("id") Long id);
}
PaymentServiceImpl
//PaymentServiceImpl
package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.dao.PaymentDao;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService{
@Resource
private PaymentDao paymentDao;
public int create(Payment payment){
return paymentDao.create(payment);
}
public Payment getPaymentById(Long id){
return paymentDao.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
PaymentController
//PaymentController
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
//只传给前端CommonResult，不需要前端了解其他的组件
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
public CommonResult create(Payment payment){
int result = paymentService.create(payment);
log.info("*****插入结果："+result);
if(result > 0){
return new CommonResult(200,"插入数据成功",result);
}else{
return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据失败",null);
}
}
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
Payment payment = paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
log.info("*****插入结果："+payment);
if(payment != null){
return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功",payment);
}else{
return new CommonResult(444,"没有对应记录,查询ID："+id,null);
}
}
}
启动 测试
测试 增加 ： http://localhost:8001/payment/create?serial=666
环境搭建成功
3. 建立消费者订单module:
3.1 pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020artifactId>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloudgroupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-consumer-order80artifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId>
<scope>runtimescope>
<optional>trueoptional>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
<optional>trueoptional>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>
<scope>testscope>
dependency>
dependencies>
project>
3.2 application.yml
server:
port: 80
3.3 启动类
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@SpringBootApplication
public class OrderMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderMain80.class,args);
}
}
3.4业务类
订单也需要Payment、CommonResult实体类，但是不需要操作数据库，没有Service、Dao，只需添加Controller
//Payment
package com.atguigu.springcloud.entities;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment {
private Long id;
private String serial;
}
//CommonResult
package com.atguigu.springcloud.entities;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> { //泛型：如果装的payment 返回payment,装的order 返回order
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
this(code,message,null);
}
}
RestTemplate：
> RestTemplate提供了多种便捷访问远程Http服务的方法，是一种简单便捷的访问restful服务模板类，是Spring提供的用于访问Rest服务的客户端模板工具集，实现80到8001的远程调用。
> 使用restTemplate访问restful接口非常的简单粗暴，（url、requestMap、ResponseBean.class）这三个参数分别代表REST请求地址、请求参数、HTTP响应转换被转换成的对象类型。
把RestTemplate对象注册到容器中
package com.atguigu.springcloud.config;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextConfig {
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
OrderController
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class OrderController {
private static final String PAYMENT_URL="http://localhost:8001";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment){
return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
}
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPayment(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return restTemplate.getForObject(PAYMENT_URL+"/payment/get/"+id,CommonResult.class);
}
}
启动 订单服务80 调用 服务 8001
查询
插入
虽然显示 插入成功，
可以看到数据库只插入主键，并没有插入内容，要在8001的PaymentController加@RequestBody注解。
4. 工程重构
项目中存在相同的代码（entities包下的Payment.class和CommonResult.class）,造成代码冗余，可以进行重构。
通过Maven聚合父工程，把相同重复的代码移到公开公用的工程里面，还可以放第三方接口、工具类，统一调配使用。
4.1 建立公共module cloud-api-cpmmons
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId>cloud2020artifactId>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloudgroupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion>
parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commonsartifactId>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtoolsartifactId>
<scope>runtimescope>
<optional>trueoptional>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
<optional>trueoptional>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutoolgroupId>
<artifactId>hutool-allartifactId>
<version>5.1.0version>
dependency>
dependencies>
project>
将entities包复制到cloud-api-commons
使用Maven打包发布上传到公用本地库里
删除重复entities，引入maven install的jar包坐标即可使用
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloudgroupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commonsartifactId>
<version>${project.version}version>
dependency>
重启服务测试， 依然成功。
至此，微服务入门结束，也就是 服务之间的调用成功