Kotlin_获取网络图片(HttpURLConnection, AsyncTask,协程)

最近学习一下使用Kotlin 从网络获取网络图片,需要学习 HttpURLConnection的使用, 多线程(AsyncTask)的使用等 。

先说总结,获取网络图片有几种方式:

1. 直接创建一个线程获取, 会导致显示的图片错乱。

2. 使用AsyncTask , 确保正常显示图片

3. 使用Kotlin 的协程, 用看似同步的代码写异步的操作。

 

一、 创建根据URL 获取图片的类

第一种方式为直接创建一个线程获取,但是这种方式是明显不可行的。

// 获取网络图片实现类
class NetworkUtils {
    private var picture : Bitmap ?= null
    private var context: Context

    companion object{
        const val TAG = "NetworkUtils"
    }

    constructor(context: Context) {
        this.context = context
    }

    // 获取网络图片
    fun loadPicture(url: URL): Bitmap? {
        // 开启一个单独线程进行网络读取
        Thread(Runnable {
            var bitmap: Bitmap ? = null
            try {
                // 根据URL 实例, 获取HttpURLConnection 实例
                var httpURLConnection: HttpURLConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
                // 设置读取 和 连接 time out 时间
                httpURLConnection.readTimeout = 2000
                httpURLConnection.connectTimeout = 2000
                // 获取图片输入流
                var inputStream = httpURLConnection.inputStream
                // 获取网络响应结果
                var responseCode = httpURLConnection.responseCode

                // 获取正常
                if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                    // 解析图片
                    bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream)
                }
            } catch(e: IOException) { // 捕获异常 (例如网络异常)
                Log.d(TAG, "loadPicture - error: ${e?.toString()}")
            }

            this.picture = bitmap
        }).start()
        // 返回的图片可能为空- 多线程 - 上面的线程还没跑完,已经返回 结果了
        return picture
    }
}

第二种是使用AsyncTask.

// 三个泛型参数, 第一个为执行,第二个进度,第三个返回
class NetworkUtilsAsyncTask : AsyncTask {
    private var resultPicture: Bitmap? = null
    private lateinit var context: Context

    companion object {
        const val TAG = "NetworkUtilsAsyncTask"
    }

    constructor(context: Context) {
        this.context = context
    }

    override fun doInBackground(vararg params: URL?): Bitmap? {
        return loadPicture(params[0])
    }

    // 获取网络图片
    private fun loadPicture(url: URL?): Bitmap? {
        // 开启一个单独线程进行网络读取
        var bitmapFromNetwork: Bitmap? = null
        url?.let {
            try {
                // 根据URL 实例, 获取HttpURLConnection 实例
                var httpURLConnection: HttpURLConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
                // 设置读取 和 连接 time out 时间
                httpURLConnection.readTimeout = 2000
                httpURLConnection.connectTimeout = 2000
                // 获取图片输入流
                var inputStream = httpURLConnection.inputStream
                // 获取网络响应结果
                var responseCode = httpURLConnection.responseCode
                Log.d(TAG, "loadPicture - responseCode: $responseCode")

                // 获取正常
                if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                    // 解析图片
                    bitmapFromNetwork = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream)
                }
            } catch (e: IOException) { // 捕获异常 (例如网络异常)
                Log.d(TAG, "loadPicture - error: ${e?.toString()}")
                //printErrorMessage(e?.toString())
            }
            Log.d(TAG, "loadPicture - bitmapFromNetwork: $bitmapFromNetwork")
            this.resultPicture = bitmapFromNetwork
            // 返回的图片可能为空
        }
        Log.d(TAG, "loadPicture - resultPicture: $resultPicture")
        return resultPicture
    }

    // 调用UI线程的更新UI操作
    override fun onPostExecute(result: Bitmap?) {
        super.onPostExecute(result)
        Log.d(TAG, "onPostExecute - result: $result")
        if (context is MainActivity) {
            (context as MainActivity).setResult(result)
        }
    }
}

使用AsyncTask需要注意几点:
1. 三个泛型参数  AsyncTask

Params: 为你在UI线程启动执行该任务时,需要传递进来的参数

Result: 为你在想在执行任务后,返回什么类型的结果

Progress: 进度条, 一般为Int

2. 每个任务仅能被执行一次,执行多次会报错,记得cancel

AndroidRuntime:              Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException:
                  Cannot execute task: the task has already been executed (a task can be executed only once)

3. 任务执行完成后,可以在 onPostExecute 调用UI 逻辑 进行更新UI

 

第三种是使用Kotlin的协程,其实从网络获取图片的逻辑是一样,区别是怎样调用这个逻辑

class NetworkUtilsCoroutines {

    private var resultPicture: Bitmap? = null
    private var context: Context

    companion object {
        const val TAG = "NetworkUtilsCoroutines"
    }

    constructor(context: Context) {
        this.context = context
    }

    // 获取网络图片
    fun loadPicture(url: URL): Bitmap? {
        // 开启一个单独线程进行网络读取
        var bitmapFromNetwork: Bitmap? = null
        try {
            // 根据URL 实例, 获取HttpURLConnection 实例
            var httpURLConnection: HttpURLConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
            // 设置读取 和 连接 time out 时间
            httpURLConnection.readTimeout = 2000
            httpURLConnection.connectTimeout = 2000
            // 获取图片输入流
            var inputStream = httpURLConnection.inputStream
            // 获取网络响应结果
            var responseCode = httpURLConnection.responseCode

            // 获取正常
            if (responseCode == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                // 解析图片
                bitmapFromNetwork = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream)
            }
        } catch (e: IOException) { // 捕获异常 (例如网络异常)
            Log.d(TAG, "loadPicture - error: ${e?.toString()}")
            //printErrorMessage(e?.toString())
        }

        this.resultPicture = bitmapFromNetwork
        return resultPicture
    }

}

需要注意的是,要在gradle文件配置Kotlin 协程库:

项目根目录的build.gradle文件:

ext.kotlin_coroutines = '1.3.1'

APP目录的build.gradle:

    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-core:$kotlin_coroutines"
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:$kotlin_coroutines"

其中 kotlinx-coroutines-core 为核心库, kotlinx-coroutines-android 为平台库

 

二、定义网络图片的地址 (单独创建一个常量类,方便管理而已,也可以在用到的地方定义)

object CommonConstants {
    const val Address1 =
        "http://e.hiphotos.baidu.com/zhidao/pic/item/8cb1cb1349540923f12939199458d109b3de4910.jpg"
    const val Address2 =
        "http://e.hiphotos.baidu.com/zhidao/pic/item/aec379310a55b31907d3ba3c41a98226cffc1754.jpg"
}

 

三、定义布局, 获取图片的布局




    
    

    

其中,两个TextView 只是方便调试用的,例如显示当前点击的Button等。

两个Button 分别对应获取两个不同的图片资源。

ImageView 为把从网络获取到的图片显示出来

 

四、MainActivity 主要调用操作

class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity(), View.OnClickListener {
    private lateinit var context: Context
    private lateinit var networkUtils: NetworkUtils
    private lateinit var networkUtilsAsyncTask: NetworkUtilsAsyncTask
    private lateinit var networkUtilsCoroutines: NetworkUtilsCoroutines

    companion object {
        const val TAG = "MainActivity"
    }

    //可以变数组, 添加图片URL
    private val urlList = mutableListOf(
        URL(CommonConstants.Address1), URL(CommonConstants.Address2)
    )
    //根据Button Id 获取对应的图片URL
    private var urlMap = mutableMapOf()
    // 根据Button Id 获取对应是第几个Button
    private var buttonIndexMap = mutableMapOf()

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)

        context = this

        networkUtils = NetworkUtils(this)
        networkUtilsAsyncTask = NetworkUtilsAsyncTask(this)
        networkUtilsCoroutines = NetworkUtilsCoroutines(this)


        //button1, button2 ...
        buttonIndexMap[get_picture_button1.id] = 1
        buttonIndexMap[get_picture_button2.id] = 2

        urlMap[get_picture_button1.id] = urlList[0]
        urlMap[get_picture_button2.id] = urlList[1]
    }

    override fun onClick(v: View?) {
        when (v?.id) {
            get_picture_button1.id, get_picture_button2.id -> {
                text1.text = "Button : " + buttonIndexMap[v.id] + " is clicked!!!"

                //loadPictureDirectly(v.id)
                //loadPictureAsyncTask(v.id)
                loadPictureCoroutines(v.id)
            }
        }
    }

    fun setResult(bitmap: Bitmap?) {
        if (bitmap != null) {
            Toast.makeText(context, "Load picture success!!!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
            image_view.setImageBitmap(bitmap)
        } else {
            Toast.makeText(context, "Can not load picture !!!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
        }
    }

    // 1. 使用Thread - 此方法获取的图片存在错误可能,
    // 例如第一次点击,获取不到图片; 第二次点击,显示的却是第一次点击的获取的图片?
    // --> 多线程问题
    private fun loadPictureDirectly(id: Int) {
        var bitmap = urlMap[id]?.let { networkUtils.loadPicture(it) }
        setResult(bitmap)
    }

    //2. 使用AsyncTask -  一个AsyncTask 仅能被执行一次
    //AndroidRuntime:              Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException:
    // Cannot execute task: the task has already been executed (a task can be executed only once)
    private fun loadPictureAsyncTask(id: Int) {
        if (networkUtilsAsyncTask != null) {
            networkUtilsAsyncTask.cancel(true)
            networkUtilsAsyncTask = NetworkUtilsAsyncTask(this)
        }
        urlMap[id]?.let { networkUtilsAsyncTask.execute(it) }
    }

    //3. 使用协程 - 看似同步的代码实现异步效果,
    private fun loadPictureCoroutines(id: Int) {
        // 在主线程开启一个协程
        CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.Main).launch {
            // 切换到IO 线程 - withContext 能在指定IO 线程执行完成后,切换原来的线程
            var bitmap = withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
                text2.text = Thread.currentThread().name.toString()
                urlMap[id]?.let { networkUtilsCoroutines.loadPicture(it) }
            }
            // 切换了UI 线程,更新UI
            text2.text = Thread.currentThread().name.toString()
            setResult(bitmap)
        }
    }

/*    private suspend fun loadPictureCoroutinesInner(id: Int): Bitmap? {
        return withContext(Dispatchers.IO) {
            urlMap[id]?.let { networkUtilsCoroutines.loadPicture(it) }
        }
    }*/
}

其中,两个图片地址定义为:

object CommonConstants {
    const val Address1 =
        "http://e.hiphotos.baidu.com/zhidao/pic/item/8cb1cb1349540923f12939199458d109b3de4910.jpg"
    const val Address2 =
        "http://e.hiphotos.baidu.com/zhidao/pic/item/aec379310a55b31907d3ba3c41a98226cffc1754.jpg"
}

五、需要在AndroidManifest.xml中添加网络权限,否则会报错(缺少网络权限)

AndroidRuntime: java.lang.SecurityException: Permission denied (missing INTERNET permission?)

六、使用http 网址,还需要在配置文件中设置 usesCleartextTraffic ,否则会报错

AndroidRuntime: java.io.IOException: Cleartext HTTP traffic to XXX not permitted

    

 

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