JAVA实现RSA加密解密（支持中文）

1、import的包这里下载：http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/
2、源代码保存时文件编码选UTF-8。

import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class RSAEncrypt {
	private static Map<Integer, String> keyMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>();  //用于封装随机产生的公钥与私钥
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		//生成公钥和私钥
		genKeyPair();
		//加密字符串
		
		System.out.println("随机生成的公钥为：" + keyMap.get(0));
		System.out.println("随机生成的私钥为：" + keyMap.get(1));

        String message = "Hello，这是明文！！！";
		System.out.println("原文为：" + message);
        
		//System.out.println(java.net.URLDecode(message));

		String messageEn = encrypt(message, keyMap.get(0));
		System.out.println("加密后的字符串为：" + messageEn);

		String messageDe = decrypt(messageEn, keyMap.get(1));
		System.out.println("解密后的字符串为：" + messageDe);
	}

	/** 
	 * 随机生成密钥对 
	 * @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException 
	 */  
	public static void genKeyPair() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {  
		// KeyPairGenerator类用于生成公钥和私钥对，基于RSA算法生成对象  
		KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");  
		// 初始化密钥对生成器，密钥大小为96-1024位  
		keyPairGen.initialize(1024,new SecureRandom());  
		// 生成一个密钥对，保存在keyPair中  
		KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair();  
		RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();   // 得到私钥  
		RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();  // 得到公钥  
		String publicKeyString = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));  
		// 得到私钥字符串  
		String privateKeyString = new String(Base64.encodeBase64((privateKey.getEncoded())));  
		// 将公钥和私钥保存到Map
		keyMap.put(0,publicKeyString);  //0表示公钥
		keyMap.put(1,privateKeyString);  //1表示私钥
	}  
	/** 
	 * RSA公钥加密 
	 *  
	 * @param str 
	 *            加密字符串
	 * @param publicKey 
	 *            公钥 
	 * @return 密文 
	 * @throws Exception 
	 *             加密过程中的异常信息 
	 */  
	public static String encrypt( String str, String publicKey ) throws Exception{
		//base64编码的公钥
		byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey);
		RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
		//RSA加密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
		cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);
		String outStr = Base64.encodeBase64String(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes("UTF-8")));
		return outStr;
	}

	/** 
	 * RSA私钥解密
	 *  
	 * @param str 
	 *            加密字符串
	 * @param privateKey 
	 *            私钥 
	 * @return 明文
	 * @throws Exception 
	 *             解密过程中的异常信息 
	 */  
	public static String decrypt(String str, String privateKey) throws Exception{
		//64位解码加密后的字符串
		byte[] inputByte = Base64.decodeBase64(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
		//base64编码的私钥
		byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);  
        RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));  
		//RSA解密
		Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
		cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);
		String outStr = new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte), "UTF-8");
		return outStr;
	}
}

3、编译过程：

D:\>javac -encoding utf-8 -cp .;.\commons-codec-1.13.jar RSAEncrypt.java
D:\>java -cp .;.\commons-codec-1.13.jar RSAEncrypt

4、代码参考自：https://blog.csdn.net/qy20115549/article/details/83105736