英语后缀总结

名词:n.        形容词:a.                副词:ad.

...的:

            ad:       -ably:(可)...

            a/ad:   -ward                                             ...,朝...

            a/ad:   -ly                                       ...性质的,属于...的;...

            a:         -able/-ible            ...的;具有...性质的

            a:         -cular/-icular        属于...

            a:         -ed                                     (在名词之后)有...的,如...的;(在动词之后)已...的,被...的。

            a:         -ful                                     ...的,易于...的;充满...所需的量

            a:         -ial                                      具有...的,属于...

            a:         -ual                                    ...性质的,属于...

            a:         -less                                               ...的,不...

            a      -y                                        (在名词后)多...的,有...的;(在形容词或以-r结尾的单词后)状态,行为

            上面出现的后缀基本都是形容词的结尾(出现该后缀的单词是形容词),个别是副词的结尾,因此都表示“...的”。

            大部分可以根据后缀前面的词进行判断到底是“具有...性质的”还是“有...的”等,如:

                        -able:可...

                                    egcomparable(比得上的) = compar(比较) + able(..)

                        -ly:有...性质的,属于...的;...

                                    eg: costly(昂贵的) = cost(代价) + ly(...性质的)

            部分需要结合自身来记忆是“...的”,如:

                        -ful

                                    因为 ful代表“满”,所以该后缀都有“充满”之意,具有含义为:有...的,易于...的;充满...所需的量

                                    eg

                                                careful(小心的) = care(小心) + ful(...)

                                                handful(一把) = hand() + ful(充满...所需的量)

                        -less

                                    因为 less代表“无”,所以该后缀的含义为:无...的,不...的。

                                    egendless(无止境的) = end(结束) + less(...)

...(性质/地方)的;人;物

            n/a:     -al                                        ...的,具有...性质的;人;物。    

            n/a:     -an                                      ...地方的人,精通/信仰...的人;...的,属于...地方的

            n/a:     -ant                                     ...的,具有...性质的;人;...剂,...

            v/a/n: -ate                                    做,使;具有...(性质)的;人

            n/a  -ian                                     ...的人;...地方的

            n/a  -ic                                        ...的;人;...学,...

            n      -ician                                   ...的人

            n      -ics                                      ...学,...

            n/a:     -ist                                     人;...主义的

            n/a:     -ive                                    ...性质的;人;物

            n/a:     -some                                            (令人)...

            上面出现的后缀基本都是名词和形容词的结尾,个别是动词的结尾。

            做形容词结尾时"...."的基础上多了层"...性质/地方的"的含义,但在联想单词含义时还是联想成"..."就好。

            做名词结尾时一般都表示"...的人/"

            基本都可以根据后缀前面的词判断是何种"..."来进行联想记忆,如:

                        -al: ..的,具有...性质的;人;物。

                                    emotional(感情()) = emotion(情感) + al(...)

                                    aboriginal(土著居民) = ab() + origin(起源) + al()

                                    hospital(医院) = hospit(客人) + al()

                        -an..地方的人,精通/信仰...的人;...的,属于...地方的

                                    republican(共和主义者) = republic(共和政体) + an(信仰...的人)

                                    suburban(郊区的) = suburb(郊区) + an(属于...地方的)

使,...化:        

            v/a/n: -en                                     做,使;由...制成的;小

            v:         -fy/-ify                              使,...

            v:         -ise(-ize)               使,...

            v/a:     -ish                                     ...性质的;做,使

            上面的后缀基本都有“使”这一层含义,因此出现这些后缀时,单词多位动词,如:

                        -en: 做,使;由...制成的;小

                                    broaden(加宽) = broad(宽的) + en(使)

            当然也可能是名词,如:

                        -en:做,使;由...制成的;小

                                    chicken(小鸡) = chick(小鸡) + en()

                                    maiden(少女) = maid(女性) + en()

其他

        下面出现的后缀都是用来构成名词的,其主要含义大部分属于下面这些:

                        “可...性”、“性质”、“行为”、“状态”、“关系”、“人”、“物”

            具体的参照下面:                           

                        n:         -ability/-ibility:可....性,易....

                                    dependability(可靠性) = depend(依靠) + ability(...)

                        n:         -age:表示集合名词,总称;行为或行为的结果;状态,情况

                                    beverage(饮料) = bever() + age(总称)

                        n:         -ance/-ancy:状态,性质

                                    disturbance(干扰;动荡) = disturb(干扰) + ance(状态)

                        n      -ation:行为,过程

                                    combination(联合) = combin(结合) + ation(行为)

                        n      -dom:领域,身份;情况,性质

                                    kingdom(王国) = king(国王) + dom(领域)

                        n:         -ee:人

                                    employee(雇员) = employ(雇佣) + ee()

                        n:         -ence:性质,状态

                                    dependence(依靠) = depend(依靠) + ence(性质)

                        n/v:     -er:人;物;反复动作或拟声动作

                                    chatter(喋喋不休(v/n)) = chatt(聊天) + er(反复动作)

                        -ess:女性,雌性

                                    actress(女演员) = actr(演员) + ess(女性)

                        -hood         资格;时期

                                    fatherhood(父亲的身份) = father(父亲) + hood(资格)

                        n/a  -ing:行为,状态;与行为有关的物品;使人...

                                    ageing(老化) = age(年龄) + ing(状态)

                        n      -ion:动作,状态;物品

                                    inflation(通货膨胀) = in(使) + flat() + ion(动作,状态)

                        n:         -ment:行为,结果;物

                                    agreement(协议) = agree(同意) + ment(行为,结果)

                        n:         -ness:性质,状态

                                    kindness(仁慈) = kind(仁慈的) + ness(性质)

                        n:         -or:人;物;情况,性质(其结尾的都是名词)

                                    horror(恐怖) = horr() + or(情况)

                        n:         -ship:关系,状态;身份,资格

                                    friendship(友谊) = friend(朋友) + ship(关系)

                        n:         -sion:行为

                                    expansion(扩充) = expan(使扩充) + sion(行为)

                        n      -ty:情况,状态;(数词)十

                                    certainty(肯定) = certain(肯定的) + ty(情况)

                        n      -isation(-ization)...

                                    civilisation(文明) = civil(文明的) + isation(...)

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