django - 验证码 django-simple-captcha 使用简介
用了一段时间django-simple-captcha，谈谈体会：
一句话：不好用， 但实在没办法工作中就是要用它，而且发现有些网站也是用的它， 深入学习了下， 发现不是人家不好用而是自己功力不够，还是太菜
环境：
python:2.7 django: 1.8.3 django-simple-captcha: 0.4.6
django-simple-captcha
下载地址：
https://github.com/mbi/django-simple-captcha
文档：
http://django-simple-captcha.readthedocs.org/
配置settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = (
'captcha',
)
# django_simple_captcha 验证码配置
# 格式
CAPTCHA_OUTPUT_FORMAT = u'%(text_field)s %(hidden_field)s %(image)s'
# 噪点样式
CAPTCHA_NOISE_FUNCTIONS = ('captcha.helpers.noise_null', # 没有样式
# 'captcha.helpers.noise_arcs', # 线
# 'captcha.helpers.noise_dots', # 点
)
# 图片大小
CAPTCHA_IMAGE_SIZE = (100, 25)
CAPTCHA_BACKGROUND_COLOR = '#ffffff'
CAPTCHA_CHALLENGE_FUNCT = 'captcha.helpers.random_char_challenge' # 图片中的文字为随机英文字母，如 mdsh
# CAPTCHA_CHALLENGE_FUNCT = 'captcha.helpers.math_challenge' # 图片中的文字为数字表达式，如1+2=
CAPTCHA_LENGTH = 4 # 字符个数
CAPTCHA_TIMEOUT = 1 # 超时(minutes)forms.py
from django import forms
from maiziedu.models import UserProfile
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
'''
注册
'''
username = forms.EmailField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={"class": "form-control", "placeholder": "请输入邮箱账号", "value": "", "required": "required",}),
max_length=50,error_messages={"required": "用户名不能为空",})
password = forms.CharField(widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={"class": "form-control", "placeholder": "请输入密码", "value": "", "required": "required",}),
min_length=8, max_length=50,error_messages={"required": "密码不能为空",})
# 验证码
captcha = CaptchaField()
def clean(self):
# 验证码
try:
captcha_x = self.cleaned_data['captcha']
except Exception as e:
print 'except: '+ str(e)
raise forms.ValidationError(u"验证码有误，请重新输入")
# 用户名
try:
username=self.cleaned_data['username']
except Exception as e:
print 'except: '+ str(e)
raise forms.ValidationError(u"注册账号需为邮箱格式")
# 登录验证
is_email_exist = UserProfile.objects.filter(email=username).exists()
is_username_exist = UserProfile.objects.filter(username=username).exists()
if is_username_exist or is_email_exist:
raise forms.ValidationError(u"该账号已被注册")
# 密码
try:
password=self.cleaned_data['password']
except Exception as e:
print 'except: '+ str(e)
raise forms.ValidationError(u"请输入至少8位密码");
return self.cleaned_data
从上面看出clean在cleaned_data会验证验证码，包括验证码是否正确，是否为空，是否过期
views.py
# 注册
# 改为ajax post
def register(request):
if request.method == 'POST':
# 验证码
print 'captcha_0: ' + request.POST.get('captcha_0')
print 'captcha_1: ' + request.POST.get('captcha_1')
try:
reg_form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
except Exception as e:
print str(e)
# 登录失败 返回错误提示
err = "注册失败，请重试"
return result_response(request, err)
if reg_form.is_valid():
print "register success"
try:
username = reg_form.cleaned_data['username']
password = reg_form.cleaned_data['password']
user = UserProfile.objects.create(username = username, email = username,
password = make_password(password), is_active = True)
user.save()
user.backend = 'django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend' # 指定默认的登录验证方式
# 验证成功登录
auth.login(request, user)
return result_response(request, "")
except Exception as e:
print str(e)
setFormTips(reg_form, "注册失败，请重试")
else:
print "register failed"
if request.POST.get('captcha_1') == "":
setFormTips(reg_form, "验证码不能为空")
# 登录失败 返回错误提示
err = getFormTips(reg_form)
return result_response(request, err)
else:
reg_form = RegisterForm()
return render(request, 'index.html', locals())html 模板中显示验证码
有两种方法可以在html显示在验证码
第一种：
{{ reg_form.captcha }}
第二种：
views.py
from captcha.models import CaptchaStore
from captcha.helpers import captcha_image_url
hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key()
imgage_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey)
换一张提交带验证码的表单
方法一： submit , 很简单这里不详述
方法二：ajax post
// 注册并登录
$("#regbtn").click(function(){
var username = $("#id_reg_username").val();
var password = $("#id_reg_password").val();
id_captcha_0 = $("#id_reg_captcha_0");
id_captcha_1 = $("#id_reg_captcha_1");
var captcha_1 = id_captcha_1.val();
var captcha_0 = id_captcha_0.val();
var mydata = {
"username": username,
"password": password,
"captcha_0": captcha_0,
"captcha_1": captcha_1
};
if (captcha_1.length==0) {
show_reg_tips("请输入验证码");
return;
}
if (username.length==0 || password.length==0) {
show_reg_tips("帐号密码不能为空");
return;
}
$.ajax({
type: "post",
data: mydata,
url: "{% url 'register' %}",
dataType: "json",
success: function(json){
console.log("ajax register success!");
var status = json['status'];
var error = json['error'];
var new_cptcha_key = json['new_cptch_key'];
var new_cptcha_image = json['new_cptch_image'];
// 重新设置验证码
img = $(".captcha");
id_captcha_0.attr("value", new_cptcha_key);
img.attr("src", new_cptcha_image);
},
error: function(err){
console.log("ajax register err!");
console.log(err);
},
complete: function(){
}
});后台表单校验
见上 views.py
刷新验证码
前台js
// 刷新验证码
$(".next-captcha").click(function(){
$.getJSON("{% url 'refresh-captcha' %}", function(json) {
// This should update your captcha image src and captcha hidden input
// debugger;
var status = json['status'];
var new_cptch_key = json['new_cptch_key'];
var new_cptch_image = json['new_cptch_image'];
id_captcha_0 = $("#id_reg_captcha_0");
img = $(".captcha");
id_captcha_0.attr("value", new_cptch_key);
img.attr("src", new_cptch_image);
});
});后台
# 刷新验证码
def refresh_captcha(request):
to_json_response = dict()
to_json_response['status'] = 1
to_json_response['new_cptch_key'] = CaptchaStore.generate_key()
to_json_response['new_cptch_image'] = captcha_image_url(to_json_response['new_cptch_key'])
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(to_json_response), content_type='application/json')