Java获取客户端用户真实IP地址

在JSP里,获取客户端的IP地址的方法是:request.getRemoteAddr(),这种方法在大部分情况下都是有效的。但是在通过了Apache,Squid,nginx等反向代理软件就不能获取到客户端的真实IP地址了。

Java获取客户端用户真实IP地址_第1张图片

如果使用了反向代理软件,将http://192.168.1.110:2046/ 的URL反向代理为 http://www.javapeixun.com.cn / 的URL时,用request.getRemoteAddr()方法获取的IP地址是:127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110,而并不是客户端的真实IP。

经过代理以后,由于在客户端和服务之间增加了中间层,因此服务器无法直接拿到客户端的IP,服务器端应用也无法直接通过转发请求的地址返回给客户端。但是在转发请求的HTTP头信息中,增加了X-FORWARDED-FOR信息。用以跟踪原有的客户端IP地址和原来客户端请求的服务器地址。当我们访问http://www.javapeixun.com.cn /index.jsp/ 时,其实并不是我们浏览器真正访问到了服务器上的index.jsp文件,而是先由代理服务器去访问http://192.168.1.110:2046/index.jsp ,代理服务器再将访问到的结果返回给我们的浏览器,因为是代理服务器去访问index.jsp的,所以index.jsp中通过request.getRemoteAddr()的方法获取的IP实际上是代理服务器的地址,并不是客户端的IP地址。

于是可得出获得客户端真实IP地址的方法一:

public String getRemortIP(HttpServletRequest request) { 
  if (request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for") == null) { 
    return request.getRemoteAddr(); 
  } 
  return request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"); 
}

可是当我访问http://www.5a520.cn /index.jsp/ 时,返回的IP地址始终是unknown,也并不是如上所示的127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110了,而我访问http://192.168.1.110:2046/index.jsp 时,则能返回客户端的真实IP地址,写了个方法去验证。原因出在了Squid上。squid.conf 的配制文件 forwarded_for 项默认是为on,如果 forwarded_for 设成了 off  则:X-Forwarded-For: unknown

于是可得出获得客户端真实IP地址的方法二:

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
  
/** 
 * 自定义访问对象工具类 
 *  
 * 获取对象的IP地址等信息 
 * @author X-rapido 
 * 
 */  
public class CusAccessObjectUtil {  
  
    /** 
     * 获取用户真实IP地址,不使用request.getRemoteAddr();的原因是有可能用户使用了代理软件方式避免真实IP地址, 
     * 参考文章: http://developer.51cto.com/art/201111/305181.htm 
     *  
     * 可是,如果通过了多级反向代理的话,X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个,而是一串IP值,究竟哪个才是真正的用户端的真实IP呢? 
     * 答案是取X-Forwarded-For中第一个非unknown的有效IP字符串。 
     *  
     * 如:X-Forwarded-For:192.168.1.110, 192.168.1.120, 192.168.1.130, 
     * 192.168.1.100 
     *  
     * 用户真实IP为: 192.168.1.110 
     *  
     * @param request 
     * @return 
     */  
    public static String getIpAddress(HttpServletRequest request) {  
        String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");  
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {  
            ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");  
        }  
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {  
            ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");  
        }  
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {  
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");  
        }  
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {  
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");  
        }  
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {  
            ip = request.getRemoteAddr();  
        }  
        return ip;  
    }  
      
}

可是,如果通过了多级反向代理的话,X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一个,而是一串Ip值,究竟哪个才是真正的用户端的真实IP呢?

答案是取X-Forwarded-For中第一个非unknown的有效IP字符串。

如:X-Forwarded-For:192.168.1.110, 192.168.1.120, 192.168.1.130, 192.168.1.100用户真实IP为: 192.168.1.110

除了上面的简单获取IP之外,一般的公司还会进行内网外网判断,完整示例如下

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * IP地址工具类
 * @author xudongdong
 *
 */
public class IpUtil {
    
    /**
     * 私有化构造器
     */
    private IpUtil() {
    }

    /**
     * 获取真实IP地址
     * 

使用getRealIP代替该方法

* @param request req * @return ip */ @Deprecated public static String getClinetIpByReq(HttpServletRequest request) { // 获取客户端ip地址 String clientIp = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"); if (clientIp == null || clientIp.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(clientIp)) { clientIp = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP"); } if (clientIp == null || clientIp.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(clientIp)) { clientIp = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); } if (clientIp == null || clientIp.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(clientIp)) { clientIp = request.getRemoteAddr(); } /* * 对于获取到多ip的情况下,找到公网ip. */ String sIP = null; if (clientIp != null && !clientIp.contains("unknown") && clientIp.indexOf(",") > 0) { String[] ipsz = clientIp.split(","); for (String anIpsz : ipsz) { if (!isInnerIP(anIpsz.trim())) { sIP = anIpsz.trim(); break; } } /* * 如果多ip都是内网ip,则取第一个ip. */ if (null == sIP) { sIP = ipsz[0].trim(); } clientIp = sIP; } if (clientIp != null && clientIp.contains("unknown")){ clientIp =clientIp.replaceAll("unknown,", ""); clientIp = clientIp.trim(); } if ("".equals(clientIp) || null == clientIp){ clientIp = "127.0.0.1"; } return clientIp; } /** * 判断IP是否是内网地址 * @param ipAddress ip地址 * @return 是否是内网地址 */ public static boolean isInnerIP(String ipAddress) { boolean isInnerIp; long ipNum = getIpNum(ipAddress); /** 私有IP:A类 10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255 B类 172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255 C类 192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255 当然,还有127这个网段是环回地址 **/ long aBegin = getIpNum("10.0.0.0"); long aEnd = getIpNum("10.255.255.255"); long bBegin = getIpNum("172.16.0.0"); long bEnd = getIpNum("172.31.255.255"); long cBegin = getIpNum("192.168.0.0"); long cEnd = getIpNum("192.168.255.255"); isInnerIp = isInner(ipNum, aBegin, aEnd) || isInner(ipNum, bBegin, bEnd) || isInner(ipNum, cBegin, cEnd) || ipAddress.equals("127.0.0.1"); return isInnerIp; } private static long getIpNum(String ipAddress) { String[] ip = ipAddress.split("\\."); long a = Integer.parseInt(ip[0]); long b = Integer.parseInt(ip[1]); long c = Integer.parseInt(ip[2]); long d = Integer.parseInt(ip[3]); return a * 256 * 256 * 256 + b * 256 * 256 + c * 256 + d; } private static boolean isInner(long userIp, long begin, long end) { return (userIp >= begin) && (userIp <= end); } public static String getRealIP(HttpServletRequest request){ // 获取客户端ip地址 String clientIp = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for"); if (clientIp == null || clientIp.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(clientIp)) { clientIp = request.getRemoteAddr(); } String[] clientIps = clientIp.split(","); if(clientIps.length <= 1) return clientIp.trim(); // 判断是否来自CDN if(isComefromCDN(request)){ if(clientIps.length>=2) return clientIps[clientIps.length-2].trim(); } return clientIps[clientIps.length-1].trim(); } private static boolean isComefromCDN(HttpServletRequest request) { String host = request.getHeader("host"); return host.contains("www.189.cn") ||host.contains("shouji.189.cn") || host.contains( "image2.chinatelecom-ec.com") || host.contains( "image1.chinatelecom-ec.com"); } }

原文地址: http://www.ibloger.net/article/144.html

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