docker学习（一）命令大全
docker安装-macos安装
- 官网下载最新的docker版本：macos为Docker-Destop版本
- https://download.docker.com/mac/stable/Docker.dmg
- 具体安装略
docker命令
- 前置：在docker 1.13版本后，新增了Management Commands，这些命令通过逻辑分组，提升了命令的可记忆性、易用性，便于用户入门学习
- http://dockone.io/article/2059
有如下几种：— 这里介绍非管理命令
- 帮助命令
- 认证登录
- 镜像命令
- 容器命令
帮助命令
- docker help：查看命令指导
- docker info：docker系统全部信息
# client端信息
Client:
Debug Mode: false
# server端信息（daemon进程）
Server:
Containers: 26 # 所有启动过的容器数（包括退出的）
Running: 1 # 正在运行的容器数
Paused: 0 # 暂停的容器
Stopped: 25 # 停止的容器
Images: 12 # 镜像数
Server Version: 19.03.8 # server版本
Storage Driver: overlay2 # 存储驱动，含有多种：
# https://docs.docker.com/storage/storagedriver/select-storage-driver/
Backing Filesystem: <unknown>
Supports d_type: true
Native Overlay Diff: true
Logging Driver: json-file # 日志驱动
Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs # cgroup驱动
Plugins: # 插件信息
Volume: local
Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog
Swarm: inactive
Runtimes: runc # 运行环境
Default Runtime: runc # 默认运行环境
Init Binary: docker-init # docker-init库
containerd version: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
init version: fec3683
Security Options:
seccomp
Profile: default
Kernel Version: 4.19.76-linuxkit
Operating System: Docker Desktop
OSType: linux
Architecture: x86_64
CPUs: 4
Total Memory: 1.943GiB
Name: docker-desktop
ID: 2ZVU:YSRR:RQ4P:7UGT:QWMK:S3WF:4DPR:CVQJ:QPQD:KATC:23RD:FRPG
Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
Debug Mode: true
File Descriptors: 41
Goroutines: 56
System Time: 2020-05-31T07:29:56.6708494Z
EventsListeners: 3
HTTP Proxy: gateway.docker.internal:3128 # HTTP代理
HTTPS Proxy: gateway.docker.internal:3129 # HTTPS代理
Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/ # registry地址
Labels:
Experimental: false # 实验命令
Insecure Registries:
127.0.0.0/8
Registry Mirrors: # 镜像仓库（国内，用于镜像加速）
https://7c473ae7bfe94484ab4c600817accc78.mirror.swr.myhuaweicloud.com/
Live Restore Enabled: false
Product License: Community Engine
- docker version：查看版本信息
zhaoyue@zhaoyuedeMacBook-Pro html % docker version
# client端信息，Docker Engine为docker的管理工具
# Community社区信息
Client: Docker Engine - Community
Version: 19.03.8 # 版本信息
API version: 1.40 # API版本，周边工具可能对此有依赖
Go version: go1.12.17 # go的版本
Git commit: afacb8b # github仓库commit
Built: Wed Mar 11 01:21:11 2020
OS/Arch: darwin/amd64 # 架构信息
Experimental: false # 是否是测试命令，可以通过export方式打开
Server: Docker Engine - Community
Engine:
Version: 19.03.8
API version: 1.40 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.12.17
Git commit: afacb8b
Built: Wed Mar 11 01:29:16 2020
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
containerd: # 容器运行环境的核心引擎，已开源，实现对容器各种操作
# https://www.oschina.net/news/80084/docker-ngine-containerd-open
Version: v1.2.13
GitCommit: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429
runc: # docker的运行环境版本
Version: 1.0.0-rc10
GitCommit: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dd
docker-init: # 用于指定容器的初始进程（1号进程）
# https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/
Version: 0.18.0
GitCommit: fec3683
认证登录
- docker login：登录registry
- docker login -u $AK -p $PWD $RegistryURL
镜像命令
- docker build：镜像构建
- 示例(具体见后续Dockerfile学习)：docker build -f Dockerfile -t firstimage:1.0.0 .
- docker pull：拉取镜像
- docker pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
zhaoyue@zhaoyuedeMacBook-Pro /tmp % docker pull redis
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/redis
afb6ec6fdc1c: Already exists
608641ee4c3f: Already exists
668ab9e1f4bc: Already exists
78a12698914e: Pull complete
d056855f4300: Pull complete
618fdf7d0dec: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:d27740b5bd12087efc2b30ac9102fa767d6cc83611dc0fc28f0edb042e835996
Status: Downloaded newer image for redis:latest
docker.io/library/redis:latest
-
docker push：推送镜像
-
docker search：搜索镜像
zhaoyue@zhaoyuedeMacBook-Pro /tmp % docker search redis
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
redis Redis is an open source key-value store that… 8223 [OK]
bitnami/redis Bitnami Redis Docker Image 145 [OK]
- docker rmi：删除镜像
- docker images：查看本地镜像列表
- -q：只显示id
- -a：显示所有信息
zhaoyue@zhaoyuedeMacBook-Pro /tmp % docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
redis latest 36304d3b4540 2 days ago 104MB
- docker tag：从源镜像创建一个引用、新的镜像
- 删除源镜像时，一般要显示删除该引用镜像
- docker history：查看一个镜像的变更(构建、提交)历史
zhaoyue@zhaoyuedeMacBook-Pro /tmp % docker history redis
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
36304d3b4540 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["redis-server"] 0B
<missing> 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 6379 0B
<missing> 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["docker-entry… 0B
<missing> 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:df205a0ef6e6df89… 374B
<missing> 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) WORKDIR /data 0B
<missing> 2 days ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) VOLUME [/data] 0B
...(下面的略)
-
docker save：导出镜像为压缩文件（配合load命令一起使用）
- 示例：docker save redis:latest -o redis.tar.gz，将redis镜像导出为tar.gz
-
docker load：从tar压缩文件或者STDIN中导入镜像
zhaoyue@zhaoyuedeMacBook-Pro /tmp % docker load -i redis.tar.gz
c112794a20c5: Loading layer [==================================================>] 30.48MB/30.48MB
bf8b736583f0: Loading layer [==================================================>] 1.536kB/1.536kB
6ef422d19214: Loading layer [==================================================>] 3.584kB/3.584kB
Loaded image: redis:latest
- docker commit：从一个容器中导出一个新的镜像：一般用于手动制作镜像
容器命令
- docker ps：查看容器列表
- -a：显示所有，包括停止的
- -n：显示最近的n条
- -q：只显示id
- …
zhaoyue@zhaoyuedeMacBook-Pro /tmp % docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
3eda31c046d5 tomcat "catalina.sh run" 5 days ago Up 5 days 8080/tcp new_24
- docker stop：停止容器
- docker pause：暂停容器
- docker unpause：恢复所有的暂停容器
- docker kill：杀死一个或者多个运行中的容器
- docker run：运行容器
- 参数较多，主要包括如下：
port相关、io相关、cpu相关、磁盘相关、健康检查、ip设置、内存、安全等等 - 示例：docker run -it --name centos-my centos
运行centos容器，命名为centos-my， 并进入伪终端 - docker run -p 4306:3306 --env MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql
启动mysql容器，并注入密码 - Exit：退出容器，并停止容器
- Ctrl+p+q：退出容器，但是容器还在运行
- ctlr+d：退出容器
- 参数较多，主要包括如下：
- docker start：启动一个或多个停止的容器
- docker attach：进入容器的根目录（根目录由Dockerfile中的WORKDIR定义）
- docker exec：在运行中的容器运行命令
- docker exec -it [容器id] /bin/bash：进入容器bash命令界面
- docker exec [容器id] ls：在容器运行ls命令，并显示结果
zhaoyue@zhaoyuedeMacBook-Pro /tmp % docker exec 3eda31c046d5 ls
bin
conf
lib
logs
native-jni-lib
temp
webapps
webapps.dist
work
- docker stats：显示容器的实时资源使用信息
- docker inspect：查看容器的所有信息（后续再仔细研究）
zhaoyue@zhaoyuedeMacBook-Pro /tmp % docker inspect 3eda31c046d5
[
{
"Id": "3eda31c046d552f53db240ea103fe1a70f2c711f379433a7a9ef152c0b91ffd0", # 容器id
"Created": "2020-05-26T07:17:46.7974837Z",
"Path": "catalina.sh",
"Args": [
"run"
],
"State": { # 状态
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 7276,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-05-26T07:17:47.1282966Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:1b6b1fe7261ea2f94c5911ad04395cb8d05428cad39fa60e9fee556f79e9afc2", # 容器的镜像id
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3eda31c046d552f53db240ea103fe1a70f2c711f379433a7a9ef152c0b91ffd0/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3eda31c046d552f53db240ea103fe1a70f2c711f379433a7a9ef152c0b91ffd0/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3eda31c046d552f53db240ea103fe1a70f2c711f379433a7a9ef152c0b91ffd0/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/3eda31c046d552f53db240ea103fe1a70f2c711f379433a7a9ef152c0b91ffd0/3eda31c046d552f53db240ea103fe1a70f2c711f379433a7a9ef152c0b91ffd0-json.log",
"Name": "/new_24",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": [
"hungry_herschel"
],
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/74fb4ba4b099ec82a1a3215f9cda35f4889da59222cb73ba3d9d91e931f9b52a-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/7c36eed283d796641a995ce0224219169adff1ff7ab9953e4c31890f51b19851/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/8f70bb6e512bba14b47fb757baba8d611c5160bd602d3e9d510df7ab5c29a9b9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3f8d381e0e4871f93f94843dc6c9e13c705504d733d88786efdeffe1eb226afa/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4ef5922c4bfe574f6d790c5b47661289ab8aa585152306320c59c759c5745be0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ad8ccc75aeaadb96ccc37a7bfd968aa18c5a7f188f84fa853ae839fd6229e418/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/c92dc377ae60cf7983627c0fef371a28f37c28955177d1e81ed81c42881866d9/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/416d601e0d7e15b979a56abd9ccfd22d8a5b7b6e610dfcc0f6fdc26b70a33a76/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/326e8ef78ce72a5ae8141966fc8a775eb4268af8a83eceb9c9053a8f0c8d715e/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/3d4b89e0cc0987cc6b5a50ff12993bfe225ec0897dbbc2a0079fa3a6aeaaa282/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4ed83fcb49aac69c4cb1df2bcc99b1887a1de1a741857c97050637ff5c0a7371/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/74fb4ba4b099ec82a1a3215f9cda35f4889da59222cb73ba3d9d91e931f9b52a/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/74fb4ba4b099ec82a1a3215f9cda35f4889da59222cb73ba3d9d91e931f9b52a/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/74fb4ba4b099ec82a1a3215f9cda35f4889da59222cb73ba3d9d91e931f9b52a/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [
{
"Type": "bind",
"Source": "/tmp/myHost",
"Destination": "/tmp/cHost",
"Mode": "",
"RW": true,
"Propagation": "rprivate"
}
],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "3eda31c046d5",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"ExposedPorts": {
"8080/tcp": {}
},
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/bin:/usr/local/openjdk-11/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin",
"LANG=C.UTF-8",
"JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/openjdk-11",
"JAVA_VERSION=11.0.7",
"JAVA_BASE_URL=https://github.com/AdoptOpenJDK/openjdk11-upstream-binaries/releases/download/jdk-11.0.7%2B10/OpenJDK11U-jdk_",
"JAVA_URL_VERSION=11.0.7_10",
"CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat",
"TOMCAT_NATIVE_LIBDIR=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
"LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/tomcat/native-jni-lib",
"GPG_KEYS=05AB33110949707C93A279E3D3EFE6B686867BA6 07E48665A34DCAFAE522E5E6266191C37C037D42 47309207D818FFD8DCD3F83F1931D684307A10A5 541FBE7D8F78B25E055DDEE13C370389288584E7 61B832AC2F1C5A90F0F9B00A1C506407564C17A3 79F7026C690BAA50B92CD8B66A3AD3F4F22C4FED 9BA44C2621385CB966EBA586F72C284D731FABEE A27677289986DB50844682F8ACB77FC2E86E29AC A9C5DF4D22E99998D9875A5110C01C5A2F6059E7 DCFD35E0BF8CA7344752DE8B6FB21E8933C60243 F3A04C595DB5B6A5F1ECA43E3B7BBB100D811BBE F7DA48BB64BCB84ECBA7EE6935CD23C10D498E23",
"TOMCAT_MAJOR=9",
"TOMCAT_VERSION=9.0.35",
"TOMCAT_SHA512=0db27185d9fc3174f2c670f814df3dda8a008b89d1a38a5d96cbbe119767ebfb1cf0bce956b27954aee9be19c4a7b91f2579d967932207976322033a86075f98"
],
"Cmd": [
"catalina.sh",
"run"
],
"Image": "tomcat",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "/usr/local/tomcat",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "3777bf5673a151769e2c6e9bcb0d89a3130e6c6f318f6c1513503ba15ef11370",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {
"8080/tcp": null
},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/3777bf5673a1",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "574694263a3bc98d8a82138140c3ec3c0325e7b5ed2afd6421e3c50dfbfe67a2",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "62067515bfbd22f1c293055752865b88b09a3ac892025a060fe220340b5f2dda",
"EndpointID": "574694263a3bc98d8a82138140c3ec3c0325e7b5ed2afd6421e3c50dfbfe67a2",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
- docker restart：重启容器
- docker diff：查看容器的文件系统改变情况
zhaoyue@zhaoyuedeMacBook-Pro /tmp % docker diff 3eda31c046d5
C /usr
C /usr/local
C /usr/local/tomcat
C /usr/local/tomcat/conf
A /usr/local/tomcat/conf/Catalina
A /usr/local/tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost
C /usr/local/tomcat/logs
A /usr/local/tomcat/logs/catalina.2020-05-26.log
A /usr/local/tomcat/logs/host-manager.2020-05-26.log
A /usr/local/tomcat/logs/localhost.2020-05-26.log
A /usr/local/tomcat/logs/localhost_access_log.2020-05-26.txt
A /usr/local/tomcat/logs/manager.2020-05-26.log
C /tmp
A /tmp/cHost
C /tmp/hsperfdata_root
A /tmp/hsperfdata_root/1
- docker top：查看容器的进程情况：
zhaoyue@zhaoyuedeMacBook-Pro /tmp % docker top 3eda31c046d5
PID USER TIME COMMAND
7276 root 9:21 /usr/local/openjdk-11/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/tomcat/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /usr/local/tomcat/bin/bootstrap.jar:/usr/local/tomcat/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/usr/local/tomcat -Dcatalina.home=/usr/local/tomcat -Djava.io.tmpdir=/usr/local/tomcat/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start
- docker rm：移除一个或多个容器（包括正在运行的）
- docker rename：重命名一个容器：比如想改变一个容器的名称