第三篇:手动部署Ceph集群(luminous)

第二篇介绍了部署Ceph的环境准备工作,本篇主要内容是介绍手动部署Ceph的全过程。

环境

集群环境

第二篇,我们创建了3台虚拟机,虚拟机配置如下:

[root@ceph-1 ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  100G  0 disk
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   99G  0 part
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0   47G  0 lvm  /home
sdb               8:16   0    2T  0 disk
sdc               8:32   0    2T  0 disk
sdd               8:48   0    2T  0 disk
sde               8:64   0  600G  0 disk
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
  • 3块大小为2T的磁盘,sdb,sdc,sdd,用于启动osd进程
  • 一块大小为600G的磁盘,作为osd的journal分区

集群配置如下:

主机 IP 功能
ceph-1 192.168.56.101 mon1、osd0、osd1、osd2
ceph-2 192.168.56.102 mon2、osd3、osd4、osd5
ceph-3 192.168.56.103 mon3、osd6、osd7、osd8

配置NTP服务

将NTP server放在ceph-1节点上,ceph-2/3节点是NTP client,这样可以从根本上解决时间同步问题。

修改配置文件

从本机登录到ceph-1:

ssh [email protected]

在ceph-1节点上进行如下操作:

修改/etc/ntp.conf,注释掉默认的四个server,添加三行配置如下:

vim  /etc/ntp.conf
###comment following lines:
#server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
#server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
#server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
#server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
###add following lines:
server 127.127.1.0 minpoll 4
fudge 127.127.1.0 stratum 0
restrict 192.168.56.0 mask 255.255.0.0 nomodify notrap

修改/etc/ntp/step-tickers文件如下:

# List of NTP servers used by the ntpdate service.
# 0.centos.pool.ntp.org
127.127.1.0

在重启ntp服务之前需要将防火墙关闭,否则客户端不能访问ntp服务:

关闭防火墙

关闭selinux&firewalld

sed -i 's/SELINUX=.*/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
setenforce 0
systemctl stop firewalld 
systemctl disable firewalld

启动ntp服务

重启ntp服务,并查看server端是否运行正常,正常的标准就是ntpq -p指令的最下面一行是*:

[root@ceph-1 ~]# systemctl enable ntpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ntpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service.
[root@ceph-1 ~]# systemctl restart ntpd 
[root@ceph-1 ~]# ntpq -p
     remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter
==============================================================================
*LOCAL(0)        .LOCL.           0 l   15   16    1    0.000    0.000   0.000

NTP server端已经配置完毕,下面开始配置client端。

配置客户端ntp同步

同样的方式登录到ceph-2/ceph-3机器上:

修改/etc/ntp.conf,注释掉四行server,添加一行server指向ceph-1:

vim /etc/ntp.conf

#server 0.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
#server 1.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
#server 2.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst
#server 3.centos.pool.ntp.org iburst

server 192.168.56.101

重启ntp服务并观察client是否正确连接到server端,同样正确连接的标准是ntpq -p的最下面一行以*号开头:

[root@ceph-2 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@ceph-2 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld 
[root@ceph-2 ~]# systemctl restart ntpd
[root@ceph-2 ~]# systemctl enable ntpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/ntpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/ntpd.service.

开始的时候会显示INIT状态,然后等了几分钟之后就出现了*

异常状态:

[root@ceph-2 ~]# ntpq -p
     remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter
==============================================================================
 ceph-1          .INIT.          16 u    -   64    0    0.000    0.000   0.000

正常状态:

[root@ceph-2 ~]# ntpq -p
     remote           refid      st t when poll reach   delay   offset  jitter
==============================================================================
*ceph-1          LOCAL(0)         3 u   45   64   77    0.323    0.060   0.034

在搭建ceph集群之前,一定要保证ntp服务能够正常运行。

手动搭建ceph集群

手动部署mon集群

主mon节点部署 (192.168.56.101,ceph-1)

登录到ceph-1机器:

ssh [email protected]
  • 创建ceph用户与目录

新建一个脚本文件prepare_env.sh,然后写入以下内容:

[root@ceph-1 ~]# vim prepare_env.sh
/usr/sbin/groupadd ceph -g 167 -o -r
/usr/sbin/useradd ceph -u 167 -o -r -g ceph -s /sbin/nologin -c "Ceph daemons"
mkdir -p /etc/ceph/
chown -R ceph:ceph /etc/ceph/
mkdir -p /var/run/ceph
chown -R ceph:ceph /var/run/ceph
mkdir -p /var/log/ceph
chown -R ceph:ceph /var/log/ceph
mkdir -p /var/lib/ceph/mon
chown -R ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph
  • 创建ceph.conf文件

新建一个conf文件ceph.conf,然后写入以下内容:

[root@ceph-1 ~]# vim /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
[global]
fsid = c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
mon initial members = ceph-1
mon host = 192.168.56.101,192.168.56.102,192.168.56.103
rbd default features = 1
auth_cluster_required = none
auth_service_required = none
auth_client_required = none
public network = 192.168.56.0/24
cluster network = 192.168.56.0/24
osd journal size = 1024
osd pool default size = 3
osd pool default min size = 1
osd pool default pg num = 300
osd pool default pgp num = 300
osd crush chooseleaf type = 1

[mon]
mon allow pool delete = true

这里不对各个参数的含义进行解释,对于初学者而言,先把集群搭建起来,后面再去花时间了解整个ceph的原理及配置文件各个参数对集群的影响。

其中 fsid 是为集群分配的一个 uuid, 可使用uuidgen命令生成。初始化 mon 节点其实只需要这一个配置就够了。
mon host 配置 ceph 命令行工具访问操作 ceph 集群时查找 mon 节点入口。
ceph 集群可包含多个 mon 节点实现高可用容灾, 避免单点故障。
rbd default features = 1 配置 rbd 客户端创建磁盘时禁用一些需要高版本内核才能支持的特性。

  • 拷贝这两个文件到ceph-2,ceph-3机器上
scp prepare_env.sh  192.168.56.102:/home
scp prepare_env.sh  192.168.56.103:/home
scp /etc/ceph/ceph.conf  192.168.56.102:/etc/ceph/
scp /etc/ceph/ceph.conf  192.168.56.103:/etc/ceph/
  • 启动mon节点

首先执行脚本,创建ceph用户及相关目录。

sh prepare_env.sh

1、为此集群创建密钥环、并生成Monitor密钥

[root@ceph-1 ~]# ceph-authtool --create-keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --gen-key -n mon. --cap mon 'allow *'
creating /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring

2、生成管理员密钥环,生成 client.admin 用户并加入密钥环

[root@ceph-1 ~]# ceph-authtool --create-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring --gen-key -n client.admin --set-uid=0 --cap mon 'allow *' --cap osd 'allow *' --cap mds 'allow *' --cap mgr 'allow *'
creating /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring

3、把 client.admin 密钥加入 ceph.mon.keyring (3台机器一样)

[root@ceph-1 ~]# ceph-authtool /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring --import-keyring /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring
importing contents of /etc/ceph/ceph.client.admin.keyring into /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring

4、用规划好的主机名、对应 IP 地址、和 FSID 生成一个Monitor Map,并保存为 /tmp/monmap

这里的--fsid需要跟ceph.conf里面的fsid保持一致

[root@ceph-1 ~]# monmaptool --create --add `hostname` `hostname -i`  --fsid c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93 /tmp/monmap --clobber
monmaptool: monmap file /tmp/monmap
monmaptool: set fsid to c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
monmaptool: writing epoch 0 to /tmp/monmap (1 monitors)

5、在Monitor主机上分别创建数据目录

[root@ceph-1 ~]# rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-`hostname`/
[root@ceph-1 ~]# mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-`hostname`/
[root@ceph-1 ~]# chown ceph:ceph -R /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-`hostname`/
[root@ceph-1 ~]# chown -R ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/
[root@ceph-1 ~]# chown  ceph:ceph /tmp/monmap
[root@ceph-1 ~]# chown  ceph:ceph /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring

6、用Monitor Map和密钥环组装守护进程所需的初始数据

[root@ceph-1 ~]# sudo -u ceph ceph-mon --mkfs -i `hostname` --monmap /tmp/monmap --keyring /tmp/ceph.mon.keyring

7、建一个空文件 done ,表示监视器已创建、可以启动了

[root@ceph-1 ~]# touch /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-`hostname`/done

8、启动Monitor

[root@ceph-1 ~]# cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-mon@`hostname`.service
[root@ceph-1 ~]# sudo systemctl start ceph-mon@`hostname`
[root@ceph-1 ~]# sudo systemctl enable ceph-mon@`hostname`
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mon.target.wants/[email protected] to /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected].

9、确认下集群在运行

 [root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph -s
  cluster:
    id:     c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
    health: HEALTH_OK

  services:
    mon: 1 daemons, quorum ceph-1
    mgr: no daemons active
    osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in

  data:
    pools:   0 pools, 0 pgs
    objects: 0 objects, 0B
    usage:   0B used, 0B / 0B avail
    pgs:

从mon节点部署 (192.168.56.102 & 192.168.56.103)

在另外两台机器ceph-2,ceph-3上,分别ssh登录上去。

创建启动脚本

新建启动脚本文件start_repo_mon.sh

vim start_repo_mon.sh
host_name=`hostname`
sudo ceph mon getmap -o /tmp/monmap
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-$host_name
sudo ceph-mon -i $host_name --mkfs --monmap /tmp/monmap
sudo chown -R ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/mon/ceph-$host_name/
#nohup ceph-mon -f --cluster ceph --id $host_name --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph &
#ceph-mon -f --cluster ceph --id $host_name &
sudo cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-mon@$host_name.service
sudo systemctl start ceph-mon@$host_name
sudo systemctl enable ceph-mon@$host_name

启动mon进程

  • ceph-2机器192.168.56.102
[root@ceph-2 ceph]# sh prepare_env.sh
groupadd:“ceph”组已存在
useradd:用户“ceph”已存在
[root@ceph-2 ceph]# sh start_repo_mon.sh
got monmap epoch 1
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mon.target.wants/[email protected] to /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected].
[root@ceph-2 ceph]# ps -ef | grep ceph
ceph       11852       1  0 20:47 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/ceph-mon -f --cluster ceph --id ceph-2 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph
root       11908   11645  0 20:47 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ceph
[root@ceph-2 ceph]# ceph -s
  id:     c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
    health: HEALTH_OK

  services:
    mon: 2 daemons, quorum ceph-1,ceph-2
    mgr: no daemons active
    osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in

  data:
    pools:   0 pools, 0 pgs
    objects: 0 objects, 0B
    usage:   0B used, 0B / 0B avail
    pgs:
  • ceph-3机器192.168.56.103
[root@ceph-3 ceph]# sh prepare_env.sh
groupadd:“ceph”组已存在
useradd:用户“ceph”已存在
[root@ceph-3 ceph]# sh start_repo_mon.sh
got monmap epoch 2
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mon.target.wants/[email protected] to /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected].
[root@ceph-3 ceph]# ps -ef | grep ceph
ceph       11818       1  1 20:51 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/ceph-mon -f --cluster ceph --id ceph-3 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph
root       11874   11081  0 20:51 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ceph
[root@ceph-3 ceph]# ceph -s
  cluster:
    id:     c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
    health: HEALTH_OK

  services:
    mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph-1,ceph-2,ceph-3
    mgr: no daemons active
    osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in

  data:
    pools:   0 pools, 0 pgs
    objects: 0 objects, 0B
    usage:   0B used, 0B / 0B avail
    pgs:

至此可以看到ceph mon集群搭建完毕。

手动搭建ceph-mgr

首先在ceph-1机器上创建并启动ceph-mgr进程。

创建 MGR 监控用户

[root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph auth get-or-create mgr.`hostname` mon 'allow *' osd 'allow *' mds 'allow *'
[mgr.ceph-1]
	key = AQCvovZbpUHTDBAA+/RoCVv+GTBc7lb96rOXRg==

需要将之前创建的用户密码存放至对应位置

[root@ceph-1 ceph]# mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-`hostname`
[root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph auth get mgr.`hostname` -o  /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-`hostname`/keyring
exported keyring for mgr.ceph-1

启动mgr

[root@ceph-1 ceph]# cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-mgr@`hostname`.service
[root@ceph-1 ceph]# systemctl start ceph-mgr@`hostname`
[root@ceph-1 ceph]# systemctl enable ceph-mgr@`hostname`
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mgr.target.wants/[email protected] to /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected].

验证是否成功

[root@ceph-1 ceph]# systemctl status ceph-mgr@`hostname`[email protected] - Ceph cluster manager daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected]; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 四 2018-11-22 07:38:49 EST; 14s ago
 Main PID: 2050 (ceph-mgr)
   CGroup: /system.slice/system-ceph\x2dmgr.slice/[email protected]
           └─2050 /usr/bin/ceph-mgr -f --cluster ceph --id ceph-1 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph

11月 22 07:38:49 ceph-1 systemd[1]: Started Ceph cluster manager daemon.
11月 22 07:38:49 ceph-1 systemd[1]: Starting Ceph cluster manager daemon...

或者:

[root@ceph-1 ceph]# ps -ef | grep ceph-mgr
ceph        2050       1  1 07:38 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/ceph-mgr -f --cluster ceph --id ceph-1 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph
root        2102    1249  0 07:39 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ceph-mgr

说明mgr进程正常启动。

监控状态

[root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph -s
  cluster:
    id:     c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
    health: HEALTH_OK

  services:
    mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph-1,ceph-2,ceph-3
    mgr: ceph-1(active), standbys: admin
    osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in

  data:
    pools:   0 pools, 0 pgs
    objects: 0 objects, 0B
    usage:   0B used, 0B / 0B avail
    pgs:

当 mgr 服务被激活之后, service 中 mgr 会显示 mgr-$name(active)
data 部分信息将变得可用

脚本操作

在ceph-2,ceph-3机器上,创建脚本start_mgr.sh,写入以下内容:

[root@ceph-2 ceph]# vim start_mgr.sh
host_name=`hostname`
sudo ceph auth get-or-create mgr.$host_name mon 'allow *' osd 'allow *' mds 'allow *'
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-$host_name
sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-$host_name
sudo ceph auth get mgr.$host_name -o  /var/lib/ceph/mgr/ceph-$host_name/keyring
sudo cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-mgr@$host_name.service
sudo systemctl start ceph-mgr@$host_name
sudo systemctl enable ceph-mgr@$host_name

执行脚本:

[root@ceph-2 ceph]# sh start_mgr.sh
[mgr.ceph-2]
	key = AQCTpfZbNLmpFxAACe1gMNUM4vqKMfNdUGbY/A==
exported keyring for mgr.ceph-2
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mgr.target.wants/[email protected] to /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected].

查看进程状态:

[root@ceph-2 ceph]# ps -ef | grep ceph-mgr
ceph       12101       1  0 07:48 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/ceph-mgr -f --cluster ceph --id ceph-2 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph
root       12173   11645  0 07:50 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ceph-mgr
[root@ceph-2 ceph]# systemctl status ceph-mgr*[email protected] - Ceph cluster manager daemon
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected]; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 四 2018-11-22 07:48:19 EST; 2min 33s ago
 Main PID: 12101 (ceph-mgr)
   CGroup: /system.slice/system-ceph\x2dmgr.slice/[email protected]
           └─12101 /usr/bin/ceph-mgr -f --cluster ceph --id ceph-2 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph

11月 22 07:48:19 ceph-2 systemd[1]: Started Ceph cluster manager daemon.
11月 22 07:48:19 ceph-2 systemd[1]: Starting Ceph cluster manager daemon...
[root@ceph-2 ceph]# ceph -s
  cluster:
    id:     c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
    health: HEALTH_OK

  services:
    mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph-1,ceph-2,ceph-3
    mgr: ceph-1(active), standbys: admin, ceph-2
    osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in

  data:
    pools:   0 pools, 0 pgs
    objects: 0 objects, 0B
    usage:   0B used, 0B / 0B avail
    pgs:

可以看到在ceph-2机器上,ceph-mgr进程正常启动。

最后再ceph-3上进行同样的操作。

所有mgr进程创建完成之后,集群的状态如下:

[root@ceph-3 ceph]# ceph -s
  cluster:
    id:     c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
    health: HEALTH_OK

  services:
    mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph-1,ceph-2,ceph-3
    mgr: ceph-1(active), standbys: admin, ceph-2, ceph-3
    osd: 0 osds: 0 up, 0 in

  data:
    pools:   0 pools, 0 pgs
    objects: 0 objects, 0B
    usage:   0B used, 0B / 0B avail
    pgs:

  • health是处于OK状态
  • 3个mon daemons
  • mgr进程:ceph-1是active状态,剩下的ceph-2,ceph-3处于standby

手动搭建osd集群

磁盘分区

每个osd对应一块磁盘,是ceph集群存储数据的物理单位,在搭建osd集群之前,先要对三台机器的磁盘进行处理,这里每台机器都是相同的操作,这里只演示ceph-1上的操作:

  • 查看磁盘分布情况
[root@ceph-1 ceph]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda               8:0    0  100G  0 disk
├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0   99G  0 part
  ├─centos-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
  ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-home 253:2    0   47G  0 lvm  /home
sdb               8:16   0    2T  0 disk
sdc               8:32   0    2T  0 disk
sdd               8:48   0    2T  0 disk
sde               8:64   0  600G  0 disk
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom

这里我们可以看到有三块2T的磁盘:sdb,sdc,sdd,用来部署osd;一块600G的磁盘用作每个osd的journal分区。

  • sde进行分区:
[root@ceph-1 ceph]# fdisk /dev/sde
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。

更改将停留在内存中,直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0x986f9840 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。

命令(输入 m 获取帮助):g
Building a new GPT disklabel (GUID: E7350C3E-586A-424E-ABAB-73860654C2C8)


命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
分区号 (1-128,默认 1):
第一个扇区 (2048-1258279965,默认 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-1258279965,默认 1258279965):+200G
已创建分区 1


命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
分区号 (2-128,默认 2):
第一个扇区 (419432448-1258279965,默认 419432448):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (419432448-1258279965,默认 1258279965):+200G
已创建分区 2


命令(输入 m 获取帮助):n
分区号 (3-128,默认 3):
第一个扇区 (838862848-1258279965,默认 838862848):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (838862848-1258279965,默认 1258279965):
已创建分区 3


命令(输入 m 获取帮助):w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。

sde磁盘分区好之后,如下图所示:

第三篇:手动部署Ceph集群(luminous)_第1张图片

  • 创建xfs文件系统

分别对磁盘sdb,sdc,sdd,sde1,sde2,sde3进行如下操作:

[root@ceph-1 ceph]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb # 之后将sdb替换为sdc,sdd,sde1,sde2,sde3
meta-data=/dev/sdb               isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=134211328 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=0, sparse=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=536845310, imaxpct=5
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=262131, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

对这几个磁盘操作完之后,查看每个磁盘的uuid

[root@ceph-1 ceph]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="b66ddda6-8a4c-48d8-bb8a-9a3183094c5d" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="Iylyc4-LvIV-TnAg-FZK6-xz2D-3gaY-hx17eb" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sdb: UUID="104c6fd4-58e7-468f-a003-266d9a7fb9ba" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdc: UUID="1a06d53d-0f76-4931-9add-fe3494510edc" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sdd: UUID="30a5527d-e7b6-4c13-b735-c9e086775d51" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sde1: UUID="58793fce-298c-417c-85dc-b0d913f8cd63" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="ca1a9c40-e020-4bf8-a17b-5716b3e1d453"
/dev/sde2: UUID="1c7ef6a8-58a6-47c0-9d2d-ff086a3d81f7" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="c458e242-716d-42f7-9a2e-5f21c291987a"
/dev/sde3: UUID="0581b33a-321d-42af-9b5f-272a775fccc1" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="651f90d2-9697-4474-b3d8-a0e980b125a4"
/dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="0fc63cb7-c2e6-46e8-8db9-2c31fdd20310" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="a8605f7e-5049-4cd4-bd6d-805c98543f38" TYPE="swap"
/dev/mapper/centos-home: UUID="7fc267af-b141-4140-afb9-388453097422" TYPE="xfs"

可以看到这些磁盘都有独立的UUID,且TYPE都为“xfs”。说明创建成功。

启动osd进程

  1. 创建osd id

    添加一个新osd,id可以省略,ceph会自动使用最小可用整数,第一个osd从0开始

    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph osd create
    0
    
  2. 初始化osd目录

    创建osd.0目录,目录名格式{cluster-name}-{id}

    #mkdir /var/lib/ceph/osd/{cluster-name}-{id}
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# mkdir /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0
    

    挂载osd.0的数据盘/dev/sdb

    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# mount /dev/sdb /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0
    

    查看挂载结果:

    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# lsblk
    NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
    sda               8:0    0  100G  0 disk
    ├─sda1            8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
    └─sda2            8:2    0   99G  0 part
      ├─centos-root 253:0    0   50G  0 lvm  /
      ├─centos-swap 253:1    0    2G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
      └─centos-home 253:2    0   47G  0 lvm  /home
    sdb               8:16   0    2T  0 disk /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0
    sdc               8:32   0    2T  0 disk
    sdd               8:48   0    2T  0 disk
    sde               8:64   0  600G  0 disk
    ├─sde1            8:65   0  200G  0 part
    ├─sde2            8:66   0  200G  0 part
    └─sde3            8:67   0  200G  0 part
    sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom
    

    初始化osd数据目录

    # sudo ceph-osd -i {id} --mkfs --mkkey
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph-osd -i 0 --mkfs --mkkey
    2018-11-22 08:26:54.255294 7fb2734e6d80 -1 auth: error reading file: /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/keyring: can't open /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/keyring: (2) No such file or directory
    2018-11-22 08:26:54.257686 7fb2734e6d80 -1 created new key in keyring /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/keyring
    2018-11-22 08:26:54.306488 7fb2734e6d80 -1 journal FileJournal::_open: disabling aio for non-block journal.  Use journal_force_aio to force use of aio anyway
    2018-11-22 08:26:54.341905 7fb2734e6d80 -1 journal FileJournal::_open: disabling aio for non-block journal.  Use journal_force_aio to force use of aio anyway
    2018-11-22 08:26:54.342312 7fb2734e6d80 -1 journal do_read_entry(4096): bad header magic
    2018-11-22 08:26:54.342327 7fb2734e6d80 -1 journal do_read_entry(4096): bad header magic
    2018-11-22 08:26:54.342704 7fb2734e6d80 -1 read_settings error reading settings: (2) No such file or directory
    2018-11-22 08:26:54.395459 7fb2734e6d80 -1 created object store /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0 for osd.0 fsid c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
    
  3. 创建journal

    生成journal分区,一般选ssd盘作为journal分区,这里使用/dev/sde1分区作为osd.0的journal。

    #查看分区对应的partuuid, 找出/dev/sde1对应的partuuid
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# rm -f /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/journal
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# blkid
    /dev/sda1: UUID="b66ddda6-8a4c-48d8-bb8a-9a3183094c5d" TYPE="xfs"
    /dev/sda2: UUID="Iylyc4-LvIV-TnAg-FZK6-xz2D-3gaY-hx17eb" TYPE="LVM2_member"
    /dev/sdb: UUID="104c6fd4-58e7-468f-a003-266d9a7fb9ba" TYPE="xfs"
    /dev/sdc: UUID="1a06d53d-0f76-4931-9add-fe3494510edc" TYPE="xfs"
    /dev/sdd: UUID="30a5527d-e7b6-4c13-b735-c9e086775d51" TYPE="xfs"
    /dev/sde1: UUID="58793fce-298c-417c-85dc-b0d913f8cd63" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="ca1a9c40-e020-4bf8-a17b-5716b3e1d453"
    /dev/sde2: UUID="1c7ef6a8-58a6-47c0-9d2d-ff086a3d81f7" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="c458e242-716d-42f7-9a2e-5f21c291987a"
    /dev/sde3: UUID="0581b33a-321d-42af-9b5f-272a775fccc1" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="651f90d2-9697-4474-b3d8-a0e980b125a4"
    /dev/mapper/centos-root: UUID="0fc63cb7-c2e6-46e8-8db9-2c31fdd20310" TYPE="xfs"
    /dev/mapper/centos-swap: UUID="a8605f7e-5049-4cd4-bd6d-805c98543f38" TYPE="swap"
    /dev/mapper/centos-home: UUID="7fc267af-b141-4140-afb9-388453097422" TYPE="xfs"
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# ln -s /dev/disk/by-partuuid/ca1a9c40-e020-4bf8-a17b-5716b3e1d453  /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/journal
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# chown ceph:ceph -R /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# chown ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/journal
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph-osd --mkjournal -i 0
    2018-11-22 08:31:06.832760 7f97505afd80 -1 journal read_header error decoding journal header
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph-osd --mkjournal -i 0
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# chown ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/journal
    
  4. 注册osd.{id},id为osd编号,默认从0开始

    # sudo ceph auth add osd.{id} osd 'allow *' mon 'allow profile osd' -i /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-{id}/keyring
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph auth add osd.0 osd 'allow *' mon 'allow profile osd' -i /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-0/keyring
    added key for osd.0
    
  5. 加入crush map

    这是ceph-1上新创建的第一个osd,CRUSH map中还没有ceph-1节点,因此首先要把ceph-1节点加入CRUSH map,同理,ceph-2/ceph-3节点也需要加入CRUSH map

    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph osd crush add-bucket `hostname` host
    added bucket ceph-1 type host to crush map
    

    然后把三个节点移动到默认的root default下面

    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph osd crush move `hostname` root=default
    moved item id -2 name 'ceph-1' to location {root=default} in crush map
    

    添加osd.0到CRUSH map中的ceph-1节点下面,加入后,osd.0就能够接收数据

    #ceph osd crush add osd.{id} 0.4 root=sata rack=sata-rack01 host=sata-node5
    #0.4为此osd在CRUSH map中的权重值,它表示数据落在此osd上的比重,是一个相对值,一般按照1T磁盘比重值为1来计算,这里的osd数据盘1.7,所以值为1.7  
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph osd crush add osd.0 2.0 root=default host=`hostname`
    add item id 0 name 'osd.0' weight 2 at location {host=ceph-1,root=default} to crush map
    

    此时osd.0状态是downinin表示此osd位于CRUSH map,已经准备好接受数据,down表示osd进程运行异常,因为我们还没有启动osd.0进程

  6. 启动ceph-osd进程

    需要向systemctl传递osd的id以启动指定的osd进程,如下,我们准备启动osd.0进程

    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected]
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# systemctl start ceph-osd@0
    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# systemctl enable ceph-osd@0
    Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-osd.target.wants/[email protected] to /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected].
    

    上面就是添加osd.0的步骤,然后可以接着在其他hostname节点上添加osd.{1,2},添加了这3个osd后,可以查看集群状态 ceph -s。

  7. 验证osd进程是否成功启动

    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# ps -ef | grep ceph-osd
    ceph        2593       1  0 08:55 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/ceph-osd -f --cluster ceph --id 0 --setuser ceph --setgroup ceph
    root        2697    1249  0 08:55 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto ceph-osd
    

    说明osd.0已经启动成功

查看集群状态

[root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph -s
  cluster:
    id:     c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
    health: HEALTH_OK

  services:
    mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph-1,ceph-2,ceph-3
    mgr: ceph-1(active), standbys: admin, ceph-2, ceph-3
    osd: 1 osds: 1 up, 1 in

  data:
    pools:   0 pools, 0 pgs
    objects: 0 objects, 0B
    usage:   107MiB used, 2.00TiB / 2.00TiB avail
    pgs:

osd已经有一个处于up跟in状态了。

按照上面的步骤重复操作,添加剩下的osd。

也可以执行如下脚本进行启动osd

[root@ceph-1 ceph]# vim start_osd.sh
#执行脚本时需要输入三个参数,顺序依次为:osd.num, osd数据存储分区,osd journal存储分区
#例如:sudo sh start_osd.sh 0 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdc1

#获取参数
host_name=`hostname`
id=$1
data_disk=$2
journal_disk=$3

#创建osd data
ceph osd create $id
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$id
sudo mkdir /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$id
#sudo mkfs.xfs $data_disk -f
sudo mount $data_disk /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$id
sudo ceph-osd -i $id --mkfs --mkkey
#创建 journal
#sudo mkfs.xfs $journal_disk -f
uuid=`sudo blkid | grep $journal_disk | awk -F\" '{print $6}'`
sudo rm -f /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$id/journal 
sudo ln -s /dev/disk/by-partuuid/$uuid /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$id/journal
sudo chown ceph:ceph -R /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$id
sudo chown ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$id/journal
#初始化新的journal
sudo ceph-osd --mkjournal -i $id
sudo chown ceph:ceph /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$id/journal

# 添加osd到crushmap
sudo ceph auth add osd.$id osd 'allow *' mon 'allow profile osd' -i /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-$id/keyring
sudo ceph osd crush add-bucket $host_name host
sudo ceph osd crush move $host_name root=default
sudo ceph osd crush add osd.$id 1.7 root=default host=$host_name

# 启动osd
sudo cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-osd@$id.service
sudo systemctl start ceph-osd@$id
sudo systemctl enable ceph-osd@$id

执行实例:

# 第一个参数:osd的id, 第二个参数: osd数据分区  第三个参数: osd的journal
[root@ceph-1 ceph]# sh start_osd.sh 1 /dev/sdc /dev/sde2
1
2018-11-22 09:31:18.144721 7fc56f8b5d80 -1 auth: error reading file: /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1/keyring: can't open /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1/keyring: (2) No such file or directory
2018-11-22 09:31:18.147361 7fc56f8b5d80 -1 created new key in keyring /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1/keyring
2018-11-22 09:31:18.184083 7fc56f8b5d80 -1 journal FileJournal::_open: disabling aio for non-block journal.  Use journal_force_aio to force use of aio anyway
2018-11-22 09:31:18.208952 7fc56f8b5d80 -1 journal FileJournal::_open: disabling aio for non-block journal.  Use journal_force_aio to force use of aio anyway
2018-11-22 09:31:18.209302 7fc56f8b5d80 -1 journal do_read_entry(4096): bad header magic
2018-11-22 09:31:18.209321 7fc56f8b5d80 -1 journal do_read_entry(4096): bad header magic
2018-11-22 09:31:18.209700 7fc56f8b5d80 -1 read_settings error reading settings: (2) No such file or directory
2018-11-22 09:31:18.246674 7fc56f8b5d80 -1 created object store /var/lib/ceph/osd/ceph-1 for osd.1 fsid c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
2018-11-22 09:31:18.480406 7fce4eeb4d80 -1 journal read_header error decoding journal header
added key for osd.1
bucket 'ceph-1' already exists
no need to move item id -2 name 'ceph-1' to location {root=default} in crush map
add item id 1 name 'osd.1' weight 2 at location {host=ceph-1,root=default} to crush map
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-osd.target.wants/[email protected] to /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected].

按照上面的方法添加所有的osd之后,可以得到如下的集群:

[root@ceph-3 ceph]# ceph -s
  cluster:
    id:     c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
    health: HEALTH_OK

  services:
    mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph-1,ceph-2,ceph-3
    mgr: ceph-1(active), standbys: admin, ceph-2, ceph-3
    osd: 9 osds: 9 up, 9 in

  data:
    pools:   0 pools, 0 pgs
    objects: 0 objects, 0B
    usage:   858MiB used, 16.0TiB / 16.0TiB avail
    pgs:

手动搭建MDS (仅cephfs使用)

  • 创建目录:
[root@ceph-1 ceph]# mkdir /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-`hostname`
[root@ceph-1 ceph]# chown ceph:ceph -R /var/lib/ceph/mds/ceph-`hostname`
  • 在ceph.conf中添加如下信息:
[mds.ceph-1]
host = ceph-1
[mds.ceph-2]
host = ceph-2
[mds.ceph-3]
host = ceph-3
  • 重启ceph-mon

    [root@ceph-1 ceph]# systemctl restart ceph-mon@`hostname`
    
  • 启动mds

[root@ceph-1 ceph]# cp /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected] /usr/lib/systemd/system/ceph-mds@`hostname`.service
[root@ceph-1 ceph]# systemctl start ceph-mds@`hostname`
[root@ceph-1 ceph]# systemctl enable ceph-mds@`hostname`
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/ceph-mds.target.wants/[email protected] to /usr/lib/systemd/system/[email protected].
  • 查看mds状态
[root@ceph-1 ceph]# ceph mds stat
, 1 up:standby

在ceph-2,ceph-3上执行以上相同操作即可。

最终mds的状态为:

[root@ceph-3 ceph]# ceph mds stat
, 3 up:standby

Ceph集群搭建完成

最终的ceph集群状态如下:

[root@ceph-3 ceph]# ceph -s
  cluster:
    id:     c165f9d0-88df-48a7-8cc5-11da82f99c93
    health: HEALTH_OK

  services:
    mon: 3 daemons, quorum ceph-1,ceph-2,ceph-3
    mgr: ceph-1(active), standbys: admin, ceph-2, ceph-3
    osd: 9 osds: 9 up, 9 in

  data:
    pools:   0 pools, 0 pgs
    objects: 0 objects, 0B
    usage:   965MiB used, 18.0TiB / 18.0TiB avail
    pgs:

至此ceph集群搭建完成。

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