jdk的动态代理及为什么需要接口

动态代理有关,无非是使用JDK动态代理,和cglib动态代理。一直不待明白的是为什么,jdk的动态代理需要接口才能实现,这也是其短板和令人诟病的地方。很多的博文说的很复杂,代码一大堆,没有太明白。手打了一下,参考了一些优秀的博文,在这里给自己做个总结。

首先,动态代理是个挺有用的东西,常见的就是javaAOP的有关,主要的作用是是在一个方法使用前后,能进行别的处理。比如吧,aop所说的,面向切面编程,日志有关,检测有关。都可以通过AOP或者说动态代理来实现。

先来看下最简单的代码下实现动态代理的情况,然后看下源码和我们的主题,为什么需要接口

为什么需要接口,先上结论

 

1.在需要继承proxy类获得有关方法和InvocationHandler构造方法传参的同时,java不能同时继承两个类,我们需要和想要代理的类建立联系,只能实现一个接口

2.需要反射获得代理类的有关参数,必须要通过某个类,反射获取有关方法,如本次测试用的 :printSomeThing

3.成功返回的是object类型,要获取原类,只能继承/实现,或者就是那个代理类

4.对具体实现的方法内部并不关心,这个交给InvocationHandler.invoke那个方法里去处理就好了,我只想根据你给我的接口反射出对我有用的东西。

5.考虑到设计模式,以及proxy编者编写代码的逻辑使然

 

过程:

 

1.实现简单的JDK动态代理

1.1为什么需要这个接口的---这个接口==

 

package Activeproxy.jdk;

public interface tagService {

	public void printSomeThing();
}

 

1.2编写他的简单实现类

 

package Activeproxy.jdk;

public class tagServiceImpl implements tagService {

	public final void printSomeThing() {
		System.err.println("this is printSomeThing Core ServiceImpl");
	}


}


1.3编写调用处理程序InvocationHandler,实现该方法,其实在后面调用的时候,具体方法的调用,会进入这里面按下面invoke里面的顺序执行。三个参数,分别代表,传入的代理实现类,此次调用的方法名称,有关参数。这是平时使用的时候的动态代理的核心方法,看起来也很简答

 

 

package Activeproxy.jdk;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class jdkInvocation implements InvocationHandler {

	private Object object;

	public void setTagServiceObject(Object object) {
		this.object = object;
	}

	public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
		System.out.println("TagService代理前");
		Object returnObject = method.invoke(this.object, args);
		System.out.println("TagService代理后");
		return returnObject;
	}

}


1.4编写调用类

 

 

package Activeproxy.jdk;

import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;

public class start {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		jdkInvocation invocation = new jdkInvocation();
		invocation.setTagServiceObject(new tagServiceImpl());
		tagService service = (tagService) Proxy
				.newProxyInstance(start.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { tagService.class }, invocation);
		service.printSomeThing();

	}
}

 

启动后,控制台会输出

 

jdk的动态代理及为什么需要接口_第1张图片

 

就简单的动态代理来说在这里就结束了,但是并没有解决的我的疑问,为什么jdk动态代理需要接口

主要的秘密在newProxyInstance这个方法里

2.1在jdk 1.8里这个方法的代码是这样的

 

@CallerSensitive
    public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
                                          Class[] interfaces,
                                          InvocationHandler h)
        throws IllegalArgumentException
    {
        Objects.requireNonNull(h);

        final Class[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
        final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (sm != null) {
            checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
        }

        /*
         * Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
         */
        Class cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);

        /*
         * Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
         */
        try {
            if (sm != null) {
                checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
            }

            final Constructor cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
            final InvocationHandler ih = h;
            if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
                AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
                    public Void run() {
                        cons.setAccessible(true);
                        return null;
                    }
                });
            }
            return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
        } catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            Throwable t = e.getCause();
            if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
                throw (RuntimeException) t;
            } else {
                throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
            }
        } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
            throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
        }
    }

 

 

 

 

 

讲解一下:

 

 

checkProxyAccess是验证一些参数

Class cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);是查找或生成指定的代理类(重点)

final Constructor cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);这行代码是获取,生成代理类的构造函数是 InvocationHandler参数的方法

return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});这行代码的意思是将h,就是实现InvocationHandler的jdkInvocation注入到cons中。然后newInstance生成一个已经组装过参数的代理类。

现在这个参数名是cl的代理类,经过,获得cl,注入InvocationHandler的实现类。通过他newInstance的类,我们可以猜测一下,应该是有一个构造方法可以注入InvocationHandler的实现类。而且,还能被(tagService)这样强转,那么应该是继承了或者实现了tagService。

so,到这一步,理论上来说我们可以知道:一个代理类,继承或者实现了我们专门创的接口,且内部有构造方法接受InvocationHandler的实现类。两个类关联起来了。而且,如果调用实例化成功的话,我们已经可以通过接口访问内部的方法了。

 

那么重点来了,这个方法里的重点就是getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);这个方法里面是什么样的,做了哪些操作,返回的是什么代理类

3.1 getProxyClass0   通过该类源码,发现其实他是从  proxyClassCache里获取的。这个是已经获取完毕后放在所谓,有关代理的静态缓存中。怎么处理的秘密在ProxyClassFactory中

 

 private static Class getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
                                           Class... interfaces) {
        if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
        }

        // If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
        // the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
        // otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
        return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
    }

3.2.ProxyClassFactory

    private static final class ProxyClassFactory
        implements BiFunction[], Class>
    {
        // prefix for all proxy class names
        private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";

        // next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
        private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();

        @Override
        public Class apply(ClassLoader loader, Class[] interfaces) {

            Map, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
            for (Class intf : interfaces) {
                /*
                 * Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
                 * interface to the same Class object.
                 */
                Class interfaceClass = null;
                try {
                    interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                }
                if (interfaceClass != intf) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        intf + " is not visible from class loader");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that the Class object actually represents an
                 * interface.
                 */
                if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
                }
                /*
                 * Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
                 */
                if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                        "repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
                }
            }

            String proxyPkg = null;     // package to define proxy class in
            int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;

            /*
             * Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
             * proxy class will be defined in the same package.  Verify that
             * all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
             */
            for (Class intf : interfaces) {
                int flags = intf.getModifiers();
                if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
                    accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
                    String name = intf.getName();
                    int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
                    String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
                    if (proxyPkg == null) {
                        proxyPkg = pkg;
                    } else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                            "non-public interfaces from different packages");
                    }
                }
            }

            if (proxyPkg == null) {
                // if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
                proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
            }

            /*
             * Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
             */
            long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
            String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;

            /*
             * Generate the specified proxy class.
             */
            byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
                proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
            try {
                return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
                                    proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
            } catch (ClassFormatError e) {
                /*
                 * A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
                 * proxy class generation code) there was some other
                 * invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
                 * class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
                 * exceeded).
                 */
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
            }
        }
    }

这么长的一大串代码其实也没干太多事,无非也就是验证参数,验证接口,反射获得接口。重点是

 

 byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass( proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);

这个方法就是要找到的原因。他隐藏起来了最关键的,怎么组装了一个byte类型代理类。在后面传了回去

通过反编译,我们得知,返回的结果是,

 

package com.sun.proxy;  
  
import com.Activeproxy.jdk.tagService;  
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;  
import java.lang.reflect.Method;  
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;  
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;  
  
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements tagService{  
  private static Method m1;  
  private static Method m3;  
  private static Method m0;  
  private static Method m2;  
  
  public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler) {  
    super(paramInvocationHandler);  
  }  
  
  public final boolean equals(Object paramObject) {  
    try {  
      return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();  
    }  
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {  
      throw localError;  
    }  
    catch (Throwable localThrowable) {  
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);  
    }  
  }  
  
  public final void printSomeThing(String paramString) {  
    try {  
      this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });  
      return;  
    }  
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {  
      throw localError;  
    }  
    catch (Throwable localThrowable) {  
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);  
    }  
  }  
  
  public final int hashCode() {  
    try {  
      return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();  
    }  
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {  
      throw localError;  
    }  
    catch (Throwable localThrowable) {  
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);  
    }  
  }  
  
  public final String toString() {  
    try {  
      return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);  
    }  
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {  
      throw localError;  
    }  
    catch (Throwable localThrowable) {  
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);  
    }  
  }  
  
  static {  
    try {  
      m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });  
      m3 = Class.forName("com.Activeproxy.jdk.tagService").getMethod("printSomeThing", new Class[0]);  
      m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);  
      m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);  
      return;  
    }  
    catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException) {  
      throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());  
    }  
    catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException) {  
      throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());  
    }  
  }  
}    
  
  public final boolean equals(Object paramObject) {  
    try {  
      return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();  
    }  
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {  
      throw localError;  
    }  
    catch (Throwable localThrowable) {  
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);  
    }  
  }  
  
  public final void printSomeThing(String paramString) {  
    try {  
      this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });  
      return;  
    }  
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {  
      throw localError;  
    }  
    catch (Throwable localThrowable) {  
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);  
    }  
  }  
  
  public final int hashCode() {  
    try {  
      return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();  
    }  
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {  
      throw localError;  
    }  
    catch (Throwable localThrowable) {  
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);  
    }  
  }  
  
  public final String toString() {  
    try {  
      return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);  
    }  
    catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {  
      throw localError;  
    }  
    catch (Throwable localThrowable) {  
      throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);  
    }  
  }  
  
  static {  
    try {  
      m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });  
      m3 = Class.forName("com.Activeproxy.jdk.tagService").getMethod("printSomeThing", new Class[0]);  
      m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);  
      m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);  
      return;  
    }  
    catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException) {  
      throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());  
    }  
    catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException) {  
      throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());  
    }  
  }  
}  

看到这个方法,就算破案了。这个就是jdk动态代理和为什么需要接口。因为

 

1.在需要继承proxy类获得有关方法和InvocationHandler构造方法传参的同时,java不能同时继承两个类,我们需要和想要代理的类建立联系,只能实现一个接口

2.需要反射获得代理类的有关参数,必须要通过某个类,反射获取有关方法,如本次测试用的 :printSomeThing

3.成功返回的是object类型,要获取原类,只能继承/实现,或者就是那个代理类

4.对具体实现的方法内部并不关心,这个交给InvocationHandler.invoke那个方法里去处理就好了,我只想根据你给我的接口反射出对我有用的东西。

5.考虑到设计模式,以及proxy编者编写代码的逻辑使然

 

这就是jdk的动态代理及为什么需要接口
 

 

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