动态代理有关,无非是使用JDK动态代理,和cglib动态代理。一直不待明白的是为什么,jdk的动态代理需要接口才能实现,这也是其短板和令人诟病的地方。很多的博文说的很复杂,代码一大堆,没有太明白。手打了一下,参考了一些优秀的博文,在这里给自己做个总结。
首先,动态代理是个挺有用的东西,常见的就是javaAOP的有关,主要的作用是是在一个方法使用前后,能进行别的处理。比如吧,aop所说的,面向切面编程,日志有关,检测有关。都可以通过AOP或者说动态代理来实现。
先来看下最简单的代码下实现动态代理的情况,然后看下源码和我们的主题,为什么需要接口
为什么需要接口,先上结论
1.在需要继承proxy类获得有关方法和InvocationHandler构造方法传参的同时,java不能同时继承两个类,我们需要和想要代理的类建立联系,只能实现一个接口
2.需要反射获得代理类的有关参数,必须要通过某个类,反射获取有关方法,如本次测试用的 :printSomeThing
3.成功返回的是object类型,要获取原类,只能继承/实现,或者就是那个代理类
4.对具体实现的方法内部并不关心,这个交给InvocationHandler.invoke那个方法里去处理就好了,我只想根据你给我的接口反射出对我有用的东西。
5.考虑到设计模式,以及proxy编者编写代码的逻辑使然
过程:
1.实现简单的JDK动态代理
1.1为什么需要这个接口的---这个接口==
package Activeproxy.jdk;
public interface tagService {
public void printSomeThing();
}
1.2编写他的简单实现类
package Activeproxy.jdk;
public class tagServiceImpl implements tagService {
public final void printSomeThing() {
System.err.println("this is printSomeThing Core ServiceImpl");
}
}
1.3编写调用处理程序InvocationHandler,实现该方法,其实在后面调用的时候,具体方法的调用,会进入这里面按下面invoke里面的顺序执行。三个参数,分别代表,传入的代理实现类,此次调用的方法名称,有关参数。这是平时使用的时候的动态代理的核心方法,看起来也很简答
package Activeproxy.jdk;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class jdkInvocation implements InvocationHandler {
private Object object;
public void setTagServiceObject(Object object) {
this.object = object;
}
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
System.out.println("TagService代理前");
Object returnObject = method.invoke(this.object, args);
System.out.println("TagService代理后");
return returnObject;
}
}
1.4编写调用类
package Activeproxy.jdk;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
public class start {
public static void main(String[] args) {
jdkInvocation invocation = new jdkInvocation();
invocation.setTagServiceObject(new tagServiceImpl());
tagService service = (tagService) Proxy
.newProxyInstance(start.class.getClassLoader(), new Class[] { tagService.class }, invocation);
service.printSomeThing();
}
}
启动后,控制台会输出
就简单的动态代理来说在这里就结束了,但是并没有解决的我的疑问,为什么jdk动态代理需要接口
主要的秘密在newProxyInstance这个方法里
2.1在jdk 1.8里这个方法的代码是这样的
@CallerSensitive
public static Object newProxyInstance(ClassLoader loader,
Class>[] interfaces,
InvocationHandler h)
throws IllegalArgumentException
{
Objects.requireNonNull(h);
final Class>[] intfs = interfaces.clone();
final SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
if (sm != null) {
checkProxyAccess(Reflection.getCallerClass(), loader, intfs);
}
/*
* Look up or generate the designated proxy class.
*/
Class> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);
/*
* Invoke its constructor with the designated invocation handler.
*/
try {
if (sm != null) {
checkNewProxyPermission(Reflection.getCallerClass(), cl);
}
final Constructor> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);
final InvocationHandler ih = h;
if (!Modifier.isPublic(cl.getModifiers())) {
AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction() {
public Void run() {
cons.setAccessible(true);
return null;
}
});
}
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});
} catch (IllegalAccessException|InstantiationException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
Throwable t = e.getCause();
if (t instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) t;
} else {
throw new InternalError(t.toString(), t);
}
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
throw new InternalError(e.toString(), e);
}
}
讲解一下:
checkProxyAccess是验证一些参数
Class> cl = getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);是查找或生成指定的代理类(重点)
final Constructor> cons = cl.getConstructor(constructorParams);这行代码是获取,生成代理类的构造函数是 InvocationHandler参数的方法
return cons.newInstance(new Object[]{h});这行代码的意思是将h,就是实现InvocationHandler的jdkInvocation注入到cons中。然后newInstance生成一个已经组装过参数的代理类。
现在这个参数名是cl的代理类,经过,获得cl,注入InvocationHandler的实现类。通过他newInstance的类,我们可以猜测一下,应该是有一个构造方法可以注入InvocationHandler的实现类。而且,还能被(tagService)这样强转,那么应该是继承了或者实现了tagService。
so,到这一步,理论上来说我们可以知道:一个代理类,继承或者实现了我们专门创的接口,且内部有构造方法接受InvocationHandler的实现类。两个类关联起来了。而且,如果调用实例化成功的话,我们已经可以通过接口访问内部的方法了。
那么重点来了,这个方法里的重点就是getProxyClass0(loader, intfs);这个方法里面是什么样的,做了哪些操作,返回的是什么代理类
3.1 getProxyClass0 通过该类源码,发现其实他是从 proxyClassCache里获取的。这个是已经获取完毕后放在所谓,有关代理的静态缓存中。怎么处理的秘密在ProxyClassFactory中
private static Class> getProxyClass0(ClassLoader loader,
Class>... interfaces) {
if (interfaces.length > 65535) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("interface limit exceeded");
}
// If the proxy class defined by the given loader implementing
// the given interfaces exists, this will simply return the cached copy;
// otherwise, it will create the proxy class via the ProxyClassFactory
return proxyClassCache.get(loader, interfaces);
}
3.2.ProxyClassFactory
private static final class ProxyClassFactory
implements BiFunction[], Class>>
{
// prefix for all proxy class names
private static final String proxyClassNamePrefix = "$Proxy";
// next number to use for generation of unique proxy class names
private static final AtomicLong nextUniqueNumber = new AtomicLong();
@Override
public Class> apply(ClassLoader loader, Class>[] interfaces) {
Map, Boolean> interfaceSet = new IdentityHashMap<>(interfaces.length);
for (Class> intf : interfaces) {
/*
* Verify that the class loader resolves the name of this
* interface to the same Class object.
*/
Class> interfaceClass = null;
try {
interfaceClass = Class.forName(intf.getName(), false, loader);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
}
if (interfaceClass != intf) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
intf + " is not visible from class loader");
}
/*
* Verify that the Class object actually represents an
* interface.
*/
if (!interfaceClass.isInterface()) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
interfaceClass.getName() + " is not an interface");
}
/*
* Verify that this interface is not a duplicate.
*/
if (interfaceSet.put(interfaceClass, Boolean.TRUE) != null) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"repeated interface: " + interfaceClass.getName());
}
}
String proxyPkg = null; // package to define proxy class in
int accessFlags = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.FINAL;
/*
* Record the package of a non-public proxy interface so that the
* proxy class will be defined in the same package. Verify that
* all non-public proxy interfaces are in the same package.
*/
for (Class> intf : interfaces) {
int flags = intf.getModifiers();
if (!Modifier.isPublic(flags)) {
accessFlags = Modifier.FINAL;
String name = intf.getName();
int n = name.lastIndexOf('.');
String pkg = ((n == -1) ? "" : name.substring(0, n + 1));
if (proxyPkg == null) {
proxyPkg = pkg;
} else if (!pkg.equals(proxyPkg)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"non-public interfaces from different packages");
}
}
}
if (proxyPkg == null) {
// if no non-public proxy interfaces, use com.sun.proxy package
proxyPkg = ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE + ".";
}
/*
* Choose a name for the proxy class to generate.
*/
long num = nextUniqueNumber.getAndIncrement();
String proxyName = proxyPkg + proxyClassNamePrefix + num;
/*
* Generate the specified proxy class.
*/
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass(
proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
try {
return defineClass0(loader, proxyName,
proxyClassFile, 0, proxyClassFile.length);
} catch (ClassFormatError e) {
/*
* A ClassFormatError here means that (barring bugs in the
* proxy class generation code) there was some other
* invalid aspect of the arguments supplied to the proxy
* class creation (such as virtual machine limitations
* exceeded).
*/
throw new IllegalArgumentException(e.toString());
}
}
}
这么长的一大串代码其实也没干太多事,无非也就是验证参数,验证接口,反射获得接口。重点是
byte[] proxyClassFile = ProxyGenerator.generateProxyClass( proxyName, interfaces, accessFlags);
这个方法就是要找到的原因。他隐藏起来了最关键的,怎么组装了一个byte类型代理类。在后面传了回去
通过反编译,我们得知,返回的结果是,
package com.sun.proxy;
import com.Activeproxy.jdk.tagService;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
import java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException;
public final class $Proxy0 extends Proxy implements tagService{
private static Method m1;
private static Method m3;
private static Method m0;
private static Method m2;
public $Proxy0(InvocationHandler paramInvocationHandler) {
super(paramInvocationHandler);
}
public final boolean equals(Object paramObject) {
try {
return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final void printSomeThing(String paramString) {
try {
this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });
return;
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final int hashCode() {
try {
return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final String toString() {
try {
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
static {
try {
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
m3 = Class.forName("com.Activeproxy.jdk.tagService").getMethod("printSomeThing", new Class[0]);
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
return;
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException) {
throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
}
}
}
public final boolean equals(Object paramObject) {
try {
return ((Boolean)this.h.invoke(this, m1, new Object[] { paramObject })).booleanValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final void printSomeThing(String paramString) {
try {
this.h.invoke(this, m3, new Object[] { paramString });
return;
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final int hashCode() {
try {
return ((Integer)this.h.invoke(this, m0, null)).intValue();
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
public final String toString() {
try {
return (String)this.h.invoke(this, m2, null);
}
catch (Error|RuntimeException localError) {
throw localError;
}
catch (Throwable localThrowable) {
throw new UndeclaredThrowableException(localThrowable);
}
}
static {
try {
m1 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("equals", new Class[] { Class.forName("java.lang.Object") });
m3 = Class.forName("com.Activeproxy.jdk.tagService").getMethod("printSomeThing", new Class[0]);
m0 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("hashCode", new Class[0]);
m2 = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getMethod("toString", new Class[0]);
return;
}
catch (NoSuchMethodException localNoSuchMethodException) {
throw new NoSuchMethodError(localNoSuchMethodException.getMessage());
}
catch (ClassNotFoundException localClassNotFoundException) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(localClassNotFoundException.getMessage());
}
}
}
看到这个方法,就算破案了。这个就是jdk动态代理和为什么需要接口。因为
1.在需要继承proxy类获得有关方法和InvocationHandler构造方法传参的同时,java不能同时继承两个类,我们需要和想要代理的类建立联系,只能实现一个接口
2.需要反射获得代理类的有关参数,必须要通过某个类,反射获取有关方法,如本次测试用的 :printSomeThing
3.成功返回的是object类型,要获取原类,只能继承/实现,或者就是那个代理类
4.对具体实现的方法内部并不关心,这个交给InvocationHandler.invoke那个方法里去处理就好了,我只想根据你给我的接口反射出对我有用的东西。
5.考虑到设计模式,以及proxy编者编写代码的逻辑使然
这就是jdk的动态代理及为什么需要接口