1.创建scrapy项目
scrapy startproject douyu
cd douyu
scrapy genspider spider "www.douyu.com"
from scrapy import cmdline
cmdline.execute("scrapy crawl douyu".split())
找到发送的请求
可以看到页面的数据都在其中
而请求的链接为
访问该网址
这么看数据可能不太好分析,复制数据使用在线json进行格式化校验
本次项目中要获取的是主播名称和图片url,分析json数据如下:
我们需要的数据位置:
OK,接下来分析代码
class DouyuSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'spider'
# allowed_domains = ['www.douyu.com']
#直接访问我们刚才找到的链接
start_urls = ['https://www.douyu.com/gapi/rknc/directory/yzRec/1']
def parse(self, response):
offset = 1
#通过对json的分析,名称和图片都在rl下,我们直接拿到data下的rl进行遍历获取
data_list = json.loads(response.body)["data"]["rl"]
for data in data_list:
nn = data["nn"] #拿到名称
img_url = data["rs1"] #拿到图片url
item = DouyuItem(nn=nn,img_url=img_url)
yield item
#爬取多页,只需改变最后的数字,进行回调访问
offset += 1
if offset < 4:
url = "https://www.douyu.com/gapi/rknc/directory/yzRec/" + str(offset)
yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parse,encoding="utf-8",dont_filter=True)
class DouyuPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
#get_media_requests,该函数的作用是下载图片
def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
image_link = item["img_url"]
yield scrapy.Request(image_link)
# def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
# img_name = request.meta['item']['nn']
# def file_path(self, request, response=None, info=None):
# image_guid = "666"
# return 'full/%s.jpg' % (image_guid)
def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
#看下分面分析
image_path = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
# print('图片路径是:', settings.IMAGES_STORE + '/' + image_path[0])
os.rename(settings.IMAGES_STORE + '/' + image_path[0], settings.IMAGES_STORE + '/' + item["nn"] + '.jpg')
return item
通过打印results,可知其是如下格式:
有一个参数为元组,元组有两个参数
打印results[0]得:
打印results[0]1][‘path’]得到path:
image_path = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
使用推导式写法
x in results if ok 迭代results条件为True也就是ok
为True也就是ok得话
x['path'] for ok 把path、取出来
os.rename(settings.IMAGES_STORE + '/' + image_path[0], settings.IMAGES_STORE + '/' + item["nn"] + '.jpg')
对图片进行重命名or.rename("之前的名称","新名称")
spider.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import scrapy
import json
from douyu.items import DouyuItem
class DouyuSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'spider'
# allowed_domains = ['www.douyu.com']
start_urls = ['https://www.douyu.com/gapi/rknc/directory/yzRec/1']
def parse(self, response):
offset = 1
data_list = json.loads(response.body)["data"]["rl"]
for data in data_list:
nn = data["nn"]
img_url = data["rs1"]
item = DouyuItem(nn=nn,img_url=img_url)
yield item
offset += 1
if offset < 4:
url = "https://www.douyu.com/gapi/rknc/directory/yzRec/" + str(offset)
yield scrapy.Request(url=url,callback=self.parse,encoding="utf-8",dont_filter=True)
pipelines.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import scrapy
from scrapy.pipelines.images import ImagesPipeline
from douyu import settings
import os
class DouyuPipeline(ImagesPipeline):
#get_media_requests,该函数的作用是下载图片
def get_media_requests(self, item, info):
image_link = item["img_url"]
yield scrapy.Request(image_link)
def item_completed(self, results, item, info):
image_path = [x['path'] for ok, x in results if ok]
# print('图片路径是:', settings.IMAGES_STORE + '/' + image_path[0])
os.rename(settings.IMAGES_STORE + '/' + image_path[0], settings.IMAGES_STORE + '/' + item["nn"] + '.jpg')
return item
items.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class DouyuItem(scrapy.Item):
nn = scrapy.Field() #主播名称
img_url = scrapy.Field() #直播间封面
settings.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Scrapy settings for douyu project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'douyu'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['douyu.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'douyu.spiders'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'douyu (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
LOG_LEVEL = "ERROR"
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
'Accept-Language': 'en',
'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/83.0.4103.116 Safari/537.36'
}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'douyu.middlewares.DouyuSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'douyu.middlewares.DouyuDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'douyu.pipelines.DouyuPipeline': 300,
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
import os
IMAGES_STORE = "download"
本次项目到此结束,觉得不错的小伙伴可以点赞收藏哦,谢谢各位!