基于文件操作的学生信息管理系统（含登录验证）
本人C++大一小白，最近有闲着的时间，就写了个学生信息管理系统，全文件操作，有些地方复杂度太大，还有很大的修改空间。
功能结构图
后期关于成绩修改和信息修改实现没写，思想跟已经实现的修改密码一样，你若感兴趣可以补上此功能！
功能实现思路
学生端
- 登录：设计及一个账号登录类，主要通过读取文件中的存储的账号和密码来和用户所输入的密码进行对比，若一致则登录成功，否则登录失败。
- 查询学籍信息：继承登录类，学籍信息文件中的开头都是所对应的账号，通过读取账号来和当前账号用户对比，实现信息的定向查找，从而输出学生学籍信息。
- 查询期末成绩：与查询学籍思想一致
- 修改密码：首先将文件内的所有账号密码进行存储，然后再写入文件内，当所写的账号为修改密码账号时，写入修改后的密码即可。
管理员端
- 登录：与学生端登录验证思想一致。
- 添加学生账号：将所输入的学生账号写入文件（默认密码为账号）
- 注销学生账号：在文件中查找账号，查到后将账号进行存储，同时也要将所有账号密码进行存储，写入文件时，当写入账号与注销账号一致时，不写入。
- 查询学生信息：通过继承学生端来使用学生端的信息查询接口
- 查询学生期末成绩：通过继承学生端来使用学生端的期末成绩查询机接口。
全部功能都是通过账号进行识别学生的！
源码提取处
基于文件操作的学生信息管理系统.zip
实现代码
student login.h
#pragma once
#includestudent login.cpp
#include"student login.h"
student_login::student_login(string account, string password)
{
this->account = account;
this->password = password;
}
bool student_login::student_judge()
{
string user_account, user_password;
fstream user_file("学生账号密码.txt", ios::in | ios::app);//读取原数据
if (!user_file.is_open())//判断是否打开
{
return false;
}
while (user_file >> user_account >> user_password)//读取文件数据
{
if (user_account == this->account && user_password == this->password)//登录成功
{
user_file.close();
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
void student_login::modify_password()
{
fstream file("学生账号密码.txt", ios::in);//读取文件原数据
if (!file.is_open())
{
cerr << "the file is not be opened！" << endl;
return;
}
//暂存账号密码
string user_account[Max];
string user_password[Max];
for (int i = 0; i < Max; i++)
{
user_account[i] = "###";
user_password[i] = "###";
}
string Account, Password;
int i = 0, j = 0;
while (file >> Account >> Password,!file.eof())
{
user_account[i++] = Account;
user_password[j++] = Password;
}
file.close();
fstream File("学生账号密码.txt", ios::out);
string modify_password;
cout << "请重置您的密码！" << endl;
cin >> modify_password;
i = 0, j = 0;
bool modify_flag = false;
for (int k = 0; user_account[k] != "###"; k++)//重置文件数据
{
if (user_account[k] == this->account)
{
File << user_account[k] << " " << modify_password << endl;
modify_flag = true;
}
else File << user_account[k] << " " << user_password[k] << endl;
}
File.close();
if (!modify_flag)
{
cerr << "密码修改失败！" << endl;
return;
}
else cout << "密码修改成功！" << endl;
}
student information.h
#pragma once
#include"student login.h"
class student_information:public student_login
{
protected:
string user_name;//学生姓名
string user_number;//学生学号
string user_address;//学生家庭住址
double user_score;//学生高考分数
string major;//学生专业
string classroom;//学生班级
public:
student_information(string account="###",string name = "#", string number = "000000", string address = "无家庭住址", double score = 480, string Major = "无专业", string Classroom = "无班级");//480为最低录取线
void save_information();//查询学生基本学籍信息
};
class student_final_grades:public student_login
{
protected:
double higher_mathematics;//高等数学
double discrete;//离散数学
double english;//英语
double c;//高程语言
double physics;//大学物理
public:
student_final_grades(string account="###",double math = 0, double Distrete = 0, double English = 0, double C = 0, double Physics = 0);
void save_grades();//查询学生期末成绩
};
student information.cpp
#include"student information.h"
student_information::student_information(string account,string name,string number, string address, double score, string Major, string Classroom)
{
this->account = account;
user_name = name;
user_number = number;
user_address = address;
user_score = score;
major = Major;
classroom = Classroom;
}
student_final_grades::student_final_grades(string account,double math, double Discrete, double English, double C, double Physics)
{
this->account = account;
higher_mathematics = math;
discrete = Discrete;
english = English;
c = C;
physics = Physics;
}
void student_information::save_information()
{
fstream StudentInformation("学生基本信息.txt", ios::in);//打开学生信息数据文件
if(!StudentInformation.is_open())//打开失败
{
cerr << "the file is not be opened！" << endl;
return;
}
string information;//存放文件学生信息数据
bool flag = false;//查询状态
string user_account;
while (StudentInformation>>user_account)
{
if (this->account==user_account)//查询成功
{
cout << "姓名" << " " << "学号" << " " << "家庭住址" << " " << "高考分数" << " " << "所在专业" << " " << "班级" << endl;
getline(StudentInformation, information);
cout << information << endl;
flag = true;
StudentInformation.close();
break;
}
}
if (!flag)
{
cerr << "学生信息查找失败！" << endl;
return;
}
}
void student_final_grades::save_grades()
{
fstream StudentGrades("学生期末成绩.txt", ios::in);
if (!StudentGrades.is_open())
{
cerr << "the StudentGrades file is not be opened" << endl;
return;
}
string grades;//存放学生成绩
string user_account;
bool flag = false;//查询状态
while (StudentGrades >> user_account)
{
if (this->account == user_account)//查找成功
{
cout << "姓名" << " " << "高数" << " " << "离散数学" << " " << "英语" << " " << "C++" << " " << "大学物理" << endl;
getline(StudentGrades, grades);
cout << grades << endl;
flag = true;
StudentGrades.close();
break;
}
}
if (!flag)
{
cerr << "学生成绩查询失败！" << endl;
return;
}
}
student user.h
#pragma once
#include"student information.h"
class student :public student_information,public student_final_grades
{
public:
void set_login();//登录接口
void set_information();//基本学籍信息接口
void set_grades();//成绩查询接口
void set_modify();//密码修改接口
void student_choice();//学生端操作
void student_menu();//学生端操作菜单
};
static string LoginAccount, LoginPassword;//登录账号和密码变元
student user.cpp
#include"student user.h"
bool flag = false;
void student::set_login()
{
cout << "请输入您的账号！" << endl;
cin >> LoginAccount;
cout << "请输入您的密码！" << endl;
cin >> LoginPassword;
student_login s1(LoginAccount, LoginPassword);//进入学生登录端
if (s1.student_judge())
{
cout << "登录成功！" << endl;
flag = true;
}
else cerr << "账号或密码错误！" << endl;
}
void student::set_information()
{
student_information s2(LoginAccount);//进入学生信息端
s2.save_information();
}
void student::set_grades()
{
student_final_grades s3(LoginAccount);//进入学生成绩端
s3.save_grades();
}
void student::set_modify()
{
student_login s4(LoginAccount, LoginPassword);
s4.modify_password();
}
void student::student_menu()
{
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1.登录账号" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.查询个人信息" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3.查询期末成绩" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4.修改个人密码" << endl;
}
void student::student_choice()
{
int choice;
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t\t您已经成功进入学生端，祝您使用愉快！" << endl;
student_menu();
cout << "请选择你要进行的操作" << endl;
cin >> choice;
switch (choice)
{
case 1: {set_login(), system("pause"), system("cls"), student_choice(); break; }
case 2:
{
if (!flag)
{
cerr << "请您先登录账号！" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
student_choice();
break;
}
else { set_information(), system("pause"), system("cls"), student_choice(); break; }
}
case 3:
{
if (!flag)
{
cerr << "请您先登录账号！" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
student_choice();
break;
}
else { set_grades(), system("pause"), system("cls"), student_choice(); break; }
}
case 4:
{
if (!flag)
{
cerr << "请您先登录账号！" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
student_choice();
break;
}
else { set_modify(),system("pause"),system("cls"), student_choice(); break; }
}
default:
system("cls"), student_choice(); break;
}
}
administrator login.h
#pragma once
#includeadministrator login.cpp
#include"adimistrator login.h"
administrator_login::administrator_login(string account,string password)
{
this->account = account;
this->password = password;
}
bool administrator_login::administrator_judge()
{
fstream administrator_file("管理员账号密码.txt", ios::in);
if (!administrator_file.is_open())
{
cerr << "文件打开失败!" << endl;
return false;
}
string administrator_account, administrator_password;
while (administrator_file >> administrator_account >> administrator_password)
{
if (this->account == administrator_account && this->password ==administrator_password)//登录成功
{
administrator_file.close();
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
administrator manage student.h
#pragma once
#include"student user.h"
#include"adimistrator login.h"
#define Max 1024
class ManageStudent:public administrator_login,public student
{
public:
void AddStudent();//增加学生信息
void ReduceStudent();//删除学生信息
void InquireStudentMessage();//查询学生信息
void InquireStudentGrades();//查询学生期末成绩
};
administrator manage student.cpp
#include"adiministrator manage student.h"
void ManageStudent::AddStudent()
{
fstream Add_account("学生账号密码.txt", ios::out | ios::app);
if (!Add_account.is_open())
{
cerr << "the file is not be opened！" << endl;
return;
}
cout << "正在为您录入学生信息！请为其设置学生端账号密码(初始密码为账号)" << endl;
string account;
cout << "请设置账号！" << endl;
cin >> account;
Add_account << account << " " << account << endl;
cout << "学生账号创建成功！" << endl;
Add_account.close();
fstream Add_message("学生基本信息.txt", ios::out | ios::app);
if (!Add_message.is_open())
{
cerr << "the file is not be opened！" << endl;
return;
}
cout << "正在为您录入学生信息！请输入学生学籍信息" << endl;
string name, number, address, score, major, classroom;
cout << "请输入学生姓名！" << endl;
cin >> name;
cout << "请输入学生学号！" << endl;
cin >> number;
cout << "请输入学生住址！" << endl;
cin >> address;
cout << "请输入学生高考分数！" << endl;
cin >> score;
cout << "请输入学生录取专业!" << endl;
cin >> major;
cout << "请输入学生所在班级！" << endl;
cin >> classroom;
Add_message << account << " " << name << " " << number << " " << address << " " << score << " " << major << " " << classroom << endl;
cout << "学生基本学籍信息录入完毕！" << endl;
Add_message.close();
cout << "正在为您录入学生信息！请输入学生期末成绩" << endl;
fstream Add_grades("学生期末成绩.txt", ios::out | ios::app);
if (!Add_grades.is_open())
{
cerr << "the file is not be opened！" << endl;
return;
}
cout << "请输入学生高等数学成绩！" << endl;
cin >> number;
cout << "请输入学生离散数学成绩！" << endl;
cin >> address;
cout << "请输入学生C++成绩！" << endl;
cin >> score;
cout << "请输入学生英语成绩！" << endl;
cin >> major;
cout << "请输入学生大学物理成绩！" << endl;
cin >> classroom;
Add_grades << account <<" "<< name << " " << number << " " << address << " " << score << " " << major <<" "<<classroom<< endl;
cout << "学生期末成绩录入完毕！" << endl;
Add_grades.close();
}
void ManageStudent::ReduceStudent()//直接注销学生账号,但信息保存,限制学生查看信息
{
string number;
cout << "正在为您注销学生账号！请输入您要删除学生的学号" << endl;
cin >> number;
fstream Reduce_account("学生账号密码.txt", ios::in);
if (!Reduce_account.is_open())
{
cerr << "the file is not be opened！" << endl;
return;
}
string buffer_account[Max], buffer_password[Max];
for (int i = 0; i < Max; i++)
{
buffer_account[i] = "#";
buffer_password[i] = "#";
}
string tempory_account, tempory_password;
int i = 0,j = 0;
while (Reduce_account >> tempory_account >> tempory_password,!Reduce_account.eof())
{
buffer_account[i++] = tempory_account;
buffer_password[j++] = tempory_password;
}
Reduce_account.close();
fstream Modify_account("学生账号密码.txt", ios::out);
bool flag1 = false;//账户存在性
for (int i = 0; buffer_account[i] != "#";i++)
if (buffer_account[i] == number) flag1 = true;
if (flag1)
{
for (int k = 0; buffer_account[k] != "#"; k++)
{
if (buffer_account[k] != number) Modify_account << buffer_account[k] << " " << buffer_password[k] << endl;
else continue;
}
cout << "账号注销成功！" << endl;
}
else
cout << "该学生不存在！" << endl;
}
void ManageStudent::InquireStudentMessage()
{
cout << "正在为您查询学生学籍信息！请输入学生学号" << endl;
string account;
cin >> account;
student_information s1(account);
s1.save_information();
}
void ManageStudent::InquireStudentGrades()
{
cout << "正在为您查询学生期末成绩！请输入学生学号" << endl;
string account;
cin >> account;
student_final_grades s1(account);
s1.save_grades();
}
administrator user.h
#pragma once
#include"adiministrator manage student.h"
class administrator:public administrator_login,public ManageStudent
{
public:
void setAdministrator();//管理员登录
void administrator_menu();//管理员端操作菜单
void administrator_choice();//管理员端操作
};
static string AdministratorAccount, AdministratorPassword;//管理员账号密码变元
administrator user.cpp
#include"administrator user.h"
bool Loginflag = false;
void administrator::administrator_menu()
{
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t1.管理员登录" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t2.查询学生信息" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t3.查询学生期末成绩" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t4.录入新生学籍信息" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t5.删除学生学籍信息" << endl;
}
void administrator::administrator_choice()
{
cout << "\t\t\t\t您已经成功进入管理员端,祝您使用愉快！" << endl;
administrator_menu();
int choice;
cout << "请选择您要进行的操作" << endl;
cin >> choice;
switch (choice)
{
case 1:
{
setAdministrator();
Loginflag = true;
system("pause");
system("cls");
administrator_choice();
break;
}
case 2:
{
if (!Loginflag)
{
cout << "请您先登录管理员账号" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
administrator_choice();
}
InquireStudentMessage();
system("pause");
system("cls");
administrator_choice();
break;
}
case 3:
{
if (!Loginflag)
{
cout << "请您先登录管理员账号" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
administrator_choice();
}
InquireStudentGrades();
system("pause");
system("cls");
administrator_choice();
break;
}
case 4:
{
if (!Loginflag)
{
cout << "请您先登录管理员账号" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
administrator_choice();
}
AddStudent();
system("pause");
system("cls");
administrator_choice();
break;
}
case 5:
{
if (!Loginflag)
{
cout << "请您先登录管理员账号" << endl;
system("pause");
system("cls");
administrator_choice();
}
ReduceStudent();
system("pause");
system("cls");
administrator_choice();
break;
}
default:
system("cls"), administrator_choice();
}
}
void administrator::setAdministrator()
{
cout << "请输入您的管理员账号！" << endl;
cin >> AdministratorAccount;
cout << "请输入您的管理员密码！" << endl;
cin >> AdministratorPassword;
administrator_login A(AdministratorAccount, AdministratorPassword);
if (A.administrator_judge())
{
cout << "登录成功！" << endl;
Loginflag = true;
}
else cerr << "管理员账号或密码错误！" << endl;
}
manage system.cpp
#include"student user.h"
#include"administrator user.h"
void menu();
void user_choice();
int main()
{
user_choice();
return 0;
}
void menu()
{
cout << "\t\t\t\t欢迎使用学生信息管理系统！（系统创造者——皮皮晗）" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t\t1.进入学生端" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t\t\t\t2.进入管理员端" << endl;
cout << "请选择进入端口！" << endl;
}
void user_choice()
{
menu();
int choice;
cin >> choice;
switch (choice)
{
case 1:
{
system("cls");
student s1;
s1.student_choice();
break;
}
case 2:
{
system("cls");
administrator a1;
a1.administrator_choice();
break;
}
default:
system("cls"), user_choice();
}
}
部分功能展现
总结
这是我写完简单贪吃蛇后的第二个小项目，总感觉不太满意，虽然有几个地方达到了预期效果，但离我的目标还很远！希望自己能在编程这条路上走得更远。遇到困难不要放弃，办法总比困难多，我们都可以！距离期末考还有三周，相信自己，我可以！
