Go语言内建容器之Map

一、Map的定义
1.map[K]V
示例1:

m := map[string]string{
   "name": "cpp",
   "teacher": "radiomen",
}
fmt.Println(m)

示例2:

m2 := make(map[string]int) // m2 == empty map
fmt.Println(m2)

示例3:

var m3 map[string]int // m3 == nil
fmt.Println(m3)

2.复合map的定义
map[K1]map[K2]V

二、map的遍历
1.使用range遍历key,或者遍历key,value对
2.不保证遍历顺序,如果顺序,需手动对key排序
3.使用len获取元素的个数
示例4:

m := map[string]string{
   "name": "cpp",
   "teacher": "radiomen",
}
fmt.Println(m)
for k, v := range m{
   fmt.Println(k, v)
}

三、获取元素
1.获取元素:m[key]
2.key不存在时,获得Value类型的初始值
3.判断map的key是否存在
示例5:

m := map[string]string{
   "name": "cpp",
   "teacher": "radiomen",
}
fmt.Println(m)
if name, ok := m["nam"]; ok{
   fmt.Println(name)
} else {
   fmt.Println("key does not exist")
}

四、删除元素
示例6:

m := map[string]string{
   "name": "cpp",
   "teacher": "radiomen",
}
fmt.Println(m)
if name, ok := m["name"]; ok{
   fmt.Println(name)
   delete(m, "name")
} else {
   fmt.Println("key does not exist")
}
fmt.Println(m)

五、map的key
1.map使用哈希表,必须可以比较相等
2.除了slice,map,function的内建类型都可以作为key
3.Struct类型不包含上述字段,可以作为key

六、map使用示例
寻找最长不含有重复字符的字串
1.lastOccurred[x]不存在,或者 2.lastOccurred[x] >= start,则更新start
3.更新lastOccurred[x],更新maxLength

func lenthOfNonRepeatingSubStr(s string)  int{
   lastOccurred := make(map[byte]int)
   start := 0
   maxLength :=0
   for i, ch := range []byte(s){
      if lastIndex, ok := lastOccurred[ch]; ok && lastIndex >= start {
         start = lastOccurred[ch] + 1
      }
      if i - start + 1 > maxLength {
         maxLength = i - start + 1
      }
      lastOccurred[ch] = i
   }
   return maxLength
}

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