（MySQL挖坑笔记）最详细 Linux下二进制安装MySQL 5.7.28

简介

MySQL 是目前最流行的关系型开源数据库之一，由于其开源，很受中小企业的青睐；因此掌握其使用也是作为一枚技术的必备打怪技能之一；

一、安装环境简介

系统环境：CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core)
MySQL版本：MySQL 5.7.28（mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz）
官方下载：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

二、MySQL 安装

1. 创建数据仓库目录与安装目录

mkdir -p /data/mysql   # 数据仓库目录
mkdir -p /opt/mysql    # 安装目录

2. 添加mysql用户并修改mysql目录权限

groupadd mysql  #  添加 mysql 用户组
useradd -r -g mysql mysql -s /bin/false  # 添加 msyql用户禁止登录shell

chown -R mysql:mysql  /data/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql  /opt/mysql

3. 解压二进制压缩包到安装目录

yum install -y numactl-libs libaio  # 安装依赖
tar -xvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar -C /opt  # 解压文件
ln -s mysql-5.7.28 mysql   # 生成软连接，便于版本管理

4. 初始化MySQL 数据库参数

cd /opt/mysql/bin  # 切换到mysqld 目录
./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --user=mysql --initialize

初始化：

#############
[root@docker bin]# ./mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --basedir=/opt/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql --initialize
2020-07-01T05:21:18.378589Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-07-01T05:21:19.303643Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-07-01T05:21:19.433393Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-07-01T05:21:19.518458Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: b1f34d3c-bb5a-11ea-9911-000c2948dd1c.
2020-07-01T05:21:19.520205Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-07-01T05:21:20.528572Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2020-07-01T05:21:20.598496Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: `!sa2yywEydgb`   ## 临时root 密码注意保存
############### 

生成SSL 文件：

[root@docker mysql]#  bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/opt/mysql
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
...............................................................+++
.......................................................+++
writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.................................................+++
............................................................................................................................................................+++
writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'
-----
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.......+++
..........................................+++
writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'
-----

5. 配置最小化 MySQL 配置文件

[root@docker Tools]# vim /etc/my.cnf 
[mysqld]
basedir=/opt/mysql   # 安装目录 
datadir=/data/mysql  # 数仓目录
port=3306            # 服务端口
user=mysql           # 启动用户
bind-address=0.0.0.0 # 绑定网卡
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

[mysqld_safe]
err-log==/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log # 错误日志
pid-file=/opt/mysql/mysqld.pid     # pid 文件

6. 添加MySQL 系统环境变量

[root@docker Tools]# vim /etc/profile
# MySQL 家目录
MYSQL_ROOT=/opt/mysql
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$MYSQL_ROOT/bin
export PATH

7. 配置service 服务，支持service 服务管理

默认basedir 和datadir 是

mysqld_pid_file_path=
if test -z "$basedir"
then
  basedir=/usr/local/mysql
  bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
  if test -z "$datadir"
  then
    datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
  fi
  sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
  libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin

修改为自定义目录

[root@docker support-files]# vim /opt/mysql/support-files/mysql.server

复制修改后的server 服务到 /etc/init.d/mysql

[root@docker support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

通过server 管理mysql

[root@docker support-files]# service mysql status  # 查看当前MySQL服务状态
 SUCCESS! MySQL running (42113)
[root@docker support-files]# service mysql restart  #重启MySQL服务
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@docker support-files]# service mysql stop  # 停止MySQL 服务
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

8. 配置 MySQL 自启

# chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysql      # 修改权限
# chkconfig --add mysql            # 添加自启动
# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on   # 添加不同级别的配置

9. 启动MySQL并测试数据库连接

更新临时密码：

[root@docker ~]# mysql -uroot -p  # 使用临时密码登录MySQL
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.28 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

mysql> set password=password('passwod');   # 更新默认密码
mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'password'; #授权 root 用户可以在任何主机远程登录
mysql>flush privileges;   # 刷新权限

查看当前的用户登录主机

mysql> select host,user from mysql.user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host      | user          |
+-----------+---------------+
| %         | root          |
| %         | test1         |
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys     |
+-----------+---------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

使用远程连接测试：

10. 配置Firewalls 防火墙

 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=mysql
 firewall-cmd --reload
 firewall-cmd --permanent --list-all
  
  public  # public 域
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces:
  sources:
  services: ssh dhcpv6-client mysql  # 启用的服务

查看MySQL监听状态：
通过端口：

[root@docker ~]# ss -ntpl | grep mysql
LISTEN     0      80           *:3306                     *:*                   users:(("mysqld",pid=95559,fd=31))

通过远程Telnet

telnet IP 3306

三、MySQL 挖坑

【坑一】

#########################################################################
[root@docker opt]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
2020-07-01T05:31:58.293272Z mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/data/mysql/docker.com.err’.
2020-07-01T05:31:58.319322Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql
2020-07-01T05:31:58.656425Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /opt/mysql/mysqld.pid ended

【ERROR】
2020-07-01T05:31:05.175679Z 0 [ERROR] /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld: Can’t create/write to file ‘/opt/mysql/mysqld.pid’ (Errco
de: 13 - Permission denied)
2020-07-01T05:31:05.175689Z 0 [ERROR] Can’t start server: can’t create PID file: Permission denied

###########################################################################

【解决】：
检查 hostname.err文件，默认位置在$datadir中，tail -n 100看一下是否有ERROR，通过上面的Error 看出是由于PID文件无权限创建，因此，增加对PID存放目录的权限

chown -R mysql:mysql /opt/mysql

【坑二】

配置文件my.cnf 配置sock 存放目录，导致无法正常连接MySQL ，

##############################################################
[root@docker ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can’t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/tmp/mysql.sock’ (2)
############################################################

【解决】
不进行sock存放配置；暂时处理

参考

1. Installing MySQL on Unix/Linux Using Generic Binaries
2. mysql启动常见报错 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file hostname.pid ended
3. Mysql5.7 Linux安装教程