Linux下ORACLE 11G DATA GUARD搭建（用于实时备份）
1、环境
|
|
System Version |
Hostname |
IP |
Oracle Version |
DB_NAME |
DB_UNIQUE_NAME |
| Primary |
RHEL6.2 |
dg1 |
192.168.230.129 |
11.2.0.1.0 |
dg1 |
dg1 |
| Standby |
RHEL6.2 |
dg2 |
192.168.230.130 |
11.2.0.1.0 |
dg1 |
dg2 |
Primary端数据库处于open状态、归档状态及强制归档状态，通过DBCA创建，已经有密码文件；standby端仅安装数据库软件，没有创建数据库。
2、网络配置
2.1 primary监听配置
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = dg1)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = dg1)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.129)(PORT = 1521))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
2.2 standby监听配置
[oracle@dg2 ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = dg2)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = dg2)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.130)(PORT = 1521))
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle
2.3 primary网络服务名配置
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
DG_129 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.129)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = dg1)
)
)
DG_130 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.130)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = dg2)
)
)
2.4 standby网络服务名配置
[oracle@dg2 ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
DG_129 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.129)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = dg1)
)
)
DG_130 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.130)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = dg2)
)
)
2.5 启动监听并进行测试
注意要进行防火墙放行或者关闭防火墙。
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ tnsping dg_130
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-FEB-2015 17:46:08
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.130)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = dg2)))
OK (0 msec)
[oracle@dg2 ~]$ tnsping dg_129
TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 01-FEB-2015 17:46:25
Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Used parameter files:
Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.233.129)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = dg1)))
OK (10 msec)
3、参数配置
3.1 primary参数配置
根据spfile.ora生成pfile.ora。
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ cat pfile.ora
dg1.__db_cache_size=58720256
dg1.__java_pool_size=4194304
dg1.__large_pool_size=4194304
dg1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
dg1.__pga_aggregate_target=197132288
dg1.__sga_target=247463936
dg1.__shared_io_pool_size=0
dg1.__shared_pool_size=167772160
dg1.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/dg1/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG1/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbx5j_.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/DG1/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbxcc_.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='dg1'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=dg1XDB)'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(dg1,dg2)'
*.log_archive_dest_2='service=dg_130 lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=dg2'
*.log_archive_dest_state_2='ENABLE'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=444596224
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
3.2 standby参数配置
将primary的pfile.ora拷贝到standby，修改后生成spfiledg2.ora。
[oracle@dg2 ~]$ cat pfile.ora
dg1.__db_cache_size=100663296
dg2.__db_cache_size=155189248
dg1.__java_pool_size=4194304
dg2.__java_pool_size=4194304
dg1.__large_pool_size=4194304
dg2.__large_pool_size=4194304
dg1.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
dg2.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
dg1.__pga_aggregate_target=155189248
dg2.__pga_aggregate_target=180355072
dg1.__sga_target=289406976
dg2.__sga_target=264241152
dg1.__shared_io_pool_size=0
dg2.__shared_io_pool_size=0
dg1.__shared_pool_size=167772160
dg2.__shared_pool_size=92274688
dg1.__streams_pool_size=4194304
dg2.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/dg2/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbx5j_.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbxcc_.ctl'#Set by RMAN
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='dg1'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.db_unique_name='dg2'
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=dg1XDB)'
*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(dg1,dg2)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg2/archivelog/ valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=dg2'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=444596224
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.standby_file_management='auto'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
4、系统设置
4.1 standby目录创建
根据参数文件创建相关目录。
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/dg2/{adump,bdump,cdump,pfile,udump}
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg2/{controlfile,datafile,onlinelog,archivelog}
mkdir /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
4.2 standby密码文件
将primary端的密码文件复制到standby并重命名。
scp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwdg1 [email protected]:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/
mv /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwdg1 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwdg2
5、创建standby数据库
将standby数据库启动到nomount状态，在primary端运行如下命令：
[oracle@dg1 ~]$ rman target / auxiliary sys/123456@dg_130
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Feb 1 16:22:59 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: DG1 (DBID=1851568413)
connected to auxiliary database: DG1 (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck from active database;
Starting Duplicate Db at 01-FEB-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK
contents of Memory Script:
{
backup as copy reuse
targetfile '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwdg1' auxiliary format
'/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapwdg2' ;
}
executing Memory Script
Starting backup at 01-FEB-15
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=44 device type=DISK
Finished backup at 01-FEB-15
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone "alter system set control_files =
''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbx5j_.ctl'', ''/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbxcc_.ctl'' comment=
''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
backup as copy current controlfile for standby auxiliary format '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbx5j_.ctl';
restore clone controlfile to '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbxcc_.ctl' from
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbx5j_.ctl';
sql clone "alter system set control_files =
''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbx5j_.ctl'', ''/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbxcc_.ctl'' comment=
''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile";
shutdown clone immediate;
startup clone nomount;
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter system set control_files = ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbx5j_.ctl'', ''/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbxcc_.ctl'' comment= ''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile
Starting backup at 01-FEB-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
copying standby control file
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_dg1.f tag=TAG20150201T162457 RECID=4 STAMP=870539108
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
Finished backup at 01-FEB-15
Starting restore at 01-FEB-15
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: copied control file copy
Finished restore at 01-FEB-15
sql statement: alter system set control_files = ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbx5j_.ctl'', ''/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/dg2/controlfile/o1_mf_bdkgbxcc_.ctl'' comment= ''Set by RMAN'' scope=spfile
Oracle instance shut down
connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 442601472 bytes
Fixed Size 2214176 bytes
Variable Size 281020128 bytes
Database Buffers 155189248 bytes
Redo Buffers 4177920 bytes
contents of Memory Script:
{
sql clone 'alter database mount standby database';
}
executing Memory Script
sql statement: alter database mount standby database
contents of Memory Script:
{
set newname for clone tempfile 1 to new;
set newname for clone tempfile 2 to new;
switch clone tempfile all;
set newname for clone datafile 1 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 2 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 3 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 4 to new;
set newname for clone datafile 5 to new;
backup as copy reuse
datafile 1 auxiliary format new
datafile 2 auxiliary format new
datafile 3 auxiliary format new
datafile 4 auxiliary format new
datafile 5 auxiliary format new
;
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed tempfile 1 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file
renamed tempfile 2 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_n6datasp_%u_.tmp in control file
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
Starting backup at 01-FEB-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG1/datafile/o1_mf_system_bdkg85cs_.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_system_0dpu6nuh_.dbf tag=TAG20150201T162657
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:01:05
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG1/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_bdkg85ft_.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_0epu6o0i_.dbf tag=TAG20150201T162657
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:56
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG1/datafile/n6_data01.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_n6datasp_0fpu6o2a_.dbf tag=TAG20150201T162657
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:35
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG1/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_bdkg85g2_.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_0gpu6o3d_.dbf tag=TAG20150201T162657
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:25
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile copy
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG1/datafile/o1_mf_users_bdkg85gt_.dbf
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_users_0hpu6o46_.dbf tag=TAG20150201T162657
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile copy complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 01-FEB-15
sql statement: alter system archive log current
contents of Memory Script:
{
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=870539415 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_system_0dpu6nuh_.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=870539415 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_0epu6o0i_.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=870539415 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_0gpu6o3d_.dbf
datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=7 STAMP=870539415 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_users_0hpu6o46_.dbf
datafile 5 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=870539415 file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DG2/datafile/o1_mf_n6datasp_0fpu6o2a_.dbf
Finished Duplicate Db at 01-FEB-15
6、standby端启动redo应用
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
数据库已更改。
7、验证
7.1 primary端切换日志
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
15
7.2 standby端查看日志
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
15
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