Android_动态权限管理的解决方案

本博文为子墨原创，转载请注明出处！

http://blog.csdn.net/zimo2013/article/details/50478201

1.前言

(1).由于MIUI等部分国产定制系统也有权限管理，没有相关api，故无法判断用户是否允许获取联系人等隐私。在Android 6.0之后，新增权限管理可以通过官方api判断用户的运行状态；

(2).我们指定targetSdkVersion为23或者之后我们还需要在运行时请求这些所需的权限。这很重要，因为已经出现了很多开发者把targetSdkVersion飙到了最新，然后发现自己的app疯狂的崩溃，这是由于他们没有实现执行运行时权限请求的代码。当你已经把一个targeting API 为23或者之后的app发布到了Google Play上，这更是一个问题，你无法立即把那个apk的targeting API替换成更早的版本。

2.权限分析

从Android6.0开始，权限分为普通权限和许可权限。许可权限分类归组，一个权限授权之后，该组下的权限均可使用。

(1)普通权限

只需要在xml申请即可，使用方法和之前6.0以前的一样。在应用安装应用时，会默认获得许可。

(2)许可权限

可执行 $adb shell pm list permissions -d -g

Permission Group	Permissions
android.permission-group.CALENDAR	android.permission.READ_CALENDAR android.permission.WRITE_CALENDAR
android.permission-group.CAMERA	android.permission.CAMERA
android.permission-group.CONTACTS	android.permission.READ_CONTACTS android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS
android.permission-group.LOCATION	android.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
android.permission-group.MICROPHONE	android.permission.RECORD_AUDIO
android.permission-group.PHONE	android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE android.permission.CALL_PHONE android.permission.READ_CALL_LOG android.permission.WRITE_CALL_LOG com.android.voicemail.permission.ADD_VOICEMAIL android.permission.USE_SIP android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
android.permission-group.SENSORS	android.permission.BODY_SENSORS
android.permission-group.SMS	android.permission.SEND_SMS android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS android.permission.READ_SMS android.permission.RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH android.permission.RECEIVE_MMS android.permission.READ_CELL_BROADCASTS
android.permission-group.STORAGE	android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

同一组的任何一个权限被授权了，其他权限也自动被授权。例如，一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授权了，app也有READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS了。
源码中被用来检查和请求权限的方法分别是Activity的checkSelfPermission和requestPermissions，这些方法api23引入。

3.相关方法

(1).ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission()

检查应用是否拥有该权限，被授权返回值为PERMISSION_GRANTED，否则返回PERMISSION_DENIED

(2).ActivityCompat.requestPermissions()

将弹出请求授权对话框，这个方法在M之前版本调用，OnRequestPermissionsResultCallback 直接被调用，带着正确的 PERMISSION_GRANTED或者 PERMISSION_DENIED 。

(3).AppCompatActivity.onRequestPermissionsResult()

该方法类似于Activity的OnActivityResult()的回调方法，主要接收请求授权的返回值

//版本判断
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
    //减少是否拥有权限
    int checkCallPhonePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), permission);
    if (checkCallPhonePermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        //弹出对话框接收权限
        ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, new String[]{permission}, id);
        return;
}

@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
    super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

    if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
        //TODO:已授权
    } else {
       //TODO:用户拒绝
    }
}

4.封装

public class BaseActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private Map allowablePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>();
    private Map disallowablePermissionRunnables = new HashMap<>();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    }

    /**
     * 请求权限
     * @param id 请求授权的id 唯一标识即可
     * @param permission 请求的权限
     * @param allowableRunnable 同意授权后的操作
     * @param disallowableRunnable 禁止权限后的操作
     */
    protected void requestPermission(int id, String permission, Runnable allowableRunnable, Runnable disallowableRunnable) {
        if (allowableRunnable == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("allowableRunnable == null");
        }

        allowablePermissionRunnables.put(id, allowableRunnable);
        if (disallowableRunnable != null) {
            disallowablePermissionRunnables.put(id, disallowableRunnable);
        }

        //版本判断
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
            //减少是否拥有权限
            int checkCallPhonePermission = ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(getApplicationContext(), permission);
            if (checkCallPhonePermission != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                //弹出对话框接收权限
                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseActivity.this, new String[]{permission}, id);
                return;
            } else {
                allowableRunnable.run();
            }
        } else {
            allowableRunnable.run();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

        if (grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            Runnable allowRun = allowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);
            allowRun.run();
        } else {
            Runnable disallowRun = disallowablePermissionRunnables.get(requestCode);
            disallowRun.run();
        }
    }
}

public class MainActivity extends BaseActivity implements View.OnClickListener{
    private Button btCallPhone;
    private Button btContact;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        btCallPhone = (Button) findViewById(R.id.call_phone);
        btContact = (Button) findViewById(R.id.contact);

        btCallPhone.setOnClickListener(this);
        btContact.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        if(v == btCallPhone){
            //拨打电话
            requestPermission(1, Manifest.permission.CALL_PHONE, new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    callPhone();
                }
            }, new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    callPhoneDenied();
                }
            });
        }else if(v == btContact){
            //读取联系人信息
            requestPermission(2, Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS, new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    readContact();
                }
            }, new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    readContactDenied();
                }
            });
        }
    }

    private void callPhone() {
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "CALL_PHONE OK", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                .show();
    }

    private void callPhoneDenied() {
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "CALL_PHONE Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                .show();
    }

    private void readContact() {
        ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver();
        String str[] = {ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTACT_ID, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.DISPLAY_NAME, ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.NUMBER,
                ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.PHOTO_ID};
        Cursor cur = cr.query(
                ContactsContract.CommonDataKinds.Phone.CONTENT_URI, str, null,
                null, null);
        int count = cur.getCount();
        cur.close();

        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, String.format("发现%s条", count), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                .show();
    }

    private void readContactDenied() {
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Contact Denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT)
                .show();
    }
}

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