Android向服务器传接和接收数据的方法汇总

Android应用经常会和服务器端交互，这就需要手机客户端发送网络请求，下面介绍四种常用网络请求方式，我这边是通过Android单元测试来完成这四种方法的，还不清楚Android的单元测试的同学们请看Android开发技巧总结中的Android单元测试的步骤一文。
java.net包中的HttpURLConnection类
Get方式：
// Get方式请求
public static void requestByGet() throws Exception {
    String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp?id=helloworld&pwd=android";
    // 新建一个URL对象
    URL url = new URL(path);
    // 打开一个HttpURLConnection连接
    HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    // 设置连接超时时间
    urlConn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
    // 开始连接
    urlConn.connect();
    // 判断请求是否成功
    if (urlConn.getResponseCode() == HTTP_200) {
        // 获取返回的数据
        byte[] data = readStream(urlConn.getInputStream());
        Log.i(TAG_GET, "Get方式请求成功，返回数据如下：");
        Log.i(TAG_GET, new String(data, "UTF-8"));
    } else {
        Log.i(TAG_GET, "Get方式请求失败");
    }
    // 关闭连接
    urlConn.disconnect();
}
Post方式：
// Post方式请求
public static void requestByPost() throws Throwable {
    String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp";
    // 请求的参数转换为byte数组
    String params = "id=" + URLEncoder.encode("helloworld", "UTF-8")
            + "&pwd=" + URLEncoder.encode("android", "UTF-8");
    byte[] postData = params.getBytes();
    // 新建一个URL对象
    URL url = new URL(path);
    // 打开一个HttpURLConnection连接
    HttpURLConnection urlConn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
    // 设置连接超时时间
    urlConn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
    // Post请求必须设置允许输出
    urlConn.setDoOutput(true);
    // Post请求不能使用缓存
    urlConn.setUseCaches(false);
    // 设置为Post请求
    urlConn.setRequestMethod("POST");
    urlConn.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
    // 配置请求Content-Type
    urlConn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
            "application/x-www-form-urlencode");
    // 开始连接
    urlConn.connect();
    // 发送请求参数
    DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(urlConn.getOutputStream());
    dos.write(postData);
    dos.flush();
    dos.close();
    // 判断请求是否成功
    if (urlConn.getResponseCode() == HTTP_200) {
        // 获取返回的数据
        byte[] data = readStream(urlConn.getInputStream());
        Log.i(TAG_POST, "Post请求方式成功，返回数据如下：");
        Log.i(TAG_POST, new String(data, "UTF-8"));
    } else {
        Log.i(TAG_POST, "Post方式请求失败");
    }
}
  
org.apache.http包中的HttpGet和HttpPost类
Get方式：
// HttpGet方式请求
public static void requestByHttpGet() throws Exception {
    String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp?id=helloworld&pwd=android";
    // 新建HttpGet对象
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(path);
    // 获取HttpClient对象
    HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
    // 获取HttpResponse实例
    HttpResponse httpResp = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
    // 判断是够请求成功
    if (httpResp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HTTP_200) {
        // 获取返回的数据
        String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResp.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
        Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpGet方式请求成功，返回数据如下：");
        Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, result);
    } else {
        Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpGet方式请求失败");
    }
}
Post方式：
// HttpPost方式请求
public static void requestByHttpPost() throws Exception {
    String path = "https://reg.163.com/logins.jsp";
    // 新建HttpPost对象
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(path);
    // Post参数
    List params = new ArrayList();
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("id", "helloworld"));
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("pwd", "android"));
    // 设置字符集
    HttpEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, HTTP.UTF_8);
    // 设置参数实体
    httpPost.setEntity(entity);
    // 获取HttpClient对象
    HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
    // 获取HttpResponse实例
    HttpResponse httpResp = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    // 判断是够请求成功
    if (httpResp.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HTTP_200) {
        // 获取返回的数据
        String result = EntityUtils.toString(httpResp.getEntity(), "UTF-8");
        Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpPost方式请求成功，返回数据如下：");
        Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, result);
    } else {
        Log.i(TAG_HTTPGET, "HttpPost方式请求失败");
    }
}
以上是一些部分代码，测试的时候在测试类中运行对应的测试方法即可。

package com.example.shezhi;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;  
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;  
import java.net.URL;  
import java.net.URLEncoder;  
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;  

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URLEncodedUtils;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
  
public class Update   
{  
	String res=" ";
	int ites;
	String version="1";

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// 
   public String getupdate(){
	 //先将参数放入List，再对参数进行URL编码   
	  List params = new LinkedList();   
	   params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param1", "1"));   
	   params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("param2", "value2"));   
	     
	   //对参数编码   
	   String param = URLEncodedUtils.format(params, "UTF-8");   
	   //baseUrl              
	   String baseUrl = "http://******/index1.jsp";   
	   //将URL与参数拼接   
	   HttpGet getMethod = new HttpGet(baseUrl + "?" + param);   
	                  
	   HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();   
	   try {
		HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(getMethod);
		 res="已经请求";
	} catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
		// TODO Auto-generated catch block
		e.printStackTrace();
	} catch (IOException e) {
		// TODO Auto-generated catch block
		e.printStackTrace();
	} //发起GET请求   
	  
	   try {   
	       HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(getMethod); //发起GET请求   
	     
	      ites=response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(); //获取响应码   
	      System.out.println(ites+"aaa");
	       res="1213"+EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), "utf-8");//获取服务器响应内容   
	       System.out.println(res+"vvv");
	       
	   } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {   
	       // TODO Auto-generated catch block   
	       e.printStackTrace();   
	   } catch (IOException e) {   
	       // TODO Auto-generated catch block   
	       e.printStackTrace();   
	   }  
	  
	   return res;
   }
  

   /******************************************************************************************** 
 /**
  * HttpClient  Post方法
  * @return
  */
   public String Postupdate(){
	   String urlPath="http://******/index1.jsp";  
       String realPath=urlPath.replaceAll(" ", "");//把多余的空格替换掉   
       HttpPost httpRequest=new HttpPost(realPath);
	   // 添加要传递的参数  
	   List params = new ArrayList();
	   NameValuePair pair1 = new BasicNameValuePair("username", "gzw");
	   NameValuePair pair2 = new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123");
	   params.add(pair1);
	   params.add(pair2);
       try
       {
    	// 设置字符集  
    	   HttpEntity httpentity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "utf-8");  
    	   // 请求httpRequest
    	   httpRequest.setEntity(httpentity); 
    	   // 取得默认的HttpClient 
    	   HttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 
    	   // 取得HttpResponse  
    	   HttpResponse httpResponse = httpclient.execute(httpRequest); 
    	   // HttpStatus.SC_OK表示连接成功  
    	   if (httpResponse.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) 
    	   {    
    		   // 取得返回的字符串 
    		   String strResult = EntityUtils.toString(httpResponse.getEntity()); 
    		   res=strResult;
    	   } 
    	   else     
    	   {    
    		  
    		   res="失败";
    	   } 
    	   
       }catch  (Exception e)   
       {
    	   e.printStackTrace();
       }
       return res; 

   }
/********************************************************************************************/ 
   /**
    * 调用java类  get方法
    */
    
    public String get_update(){
	   String urlPath="http://******/index1.jsp"+"?type=save&version="+version+"";  
       String realPath=urlPath.replaceAll(" ", "");//把多余的空格替换掉   
       try
       {
    	   if(getRequest(realPath))
           {
        	   //成功
    		   res="成功";
           }
    	   
       }catch  (Exception e)   
       {
    	   res="失败";
       }
       return res; 

   }
   
   
   
   
   /**
    * java类  get方法
    * @return
    */
	
	//get请求，有文件长度大小限制   
    public static boolean getRequest(String urlPath) throws Exception  
    {  
        URL url=new URL(urlPath);  
        HttpURLConnection con=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();  
        con.setRequestMethod("GET");  
        con.setReadTimeout(5*1000);  
        if(con.getResponseCode()==200)  
        {  
            return true;  
        }  
        return false;  
    }  
    
 /********************************************************************************************   
    /**
     * 调用下面java类  Post方法
     * @return
     */
    
    public String post_update(){
 	   String urlPath="http://www.gdhdcy.com/hdleague1/index1.jsp";  
        Map map=new HashMap();//用集合来做，比字符串拼接来得直观   
        map.put("type", "save");  
        map.put("version", version);  
        try
        {
     	   if(postRequest(urlPath,map))
            {
         	   //成功
     		   res="成功";
            }
     	   
        }catch  (Exception e)   
        {
     	   res="失败";
        }
 	return res; 

    }
    /**
     * java类  post方法
     * @return
     */
    //post请求，无文件长度大小限制   
    public static boolean postRequest(String urlPath,Map map) throws Exception  
    {  
        StringBuilder builder=new StringBuilder(); //拼接字符   
        //拿出键值   
        if(map!=null && !map.isEmpty())  
        {  
            for(Map.Entry param:map.entrySet())  
            {  
                builder.append(param.getKey()).append('=').append(URLEncoder.encode(param.getValue(), "utf-8")).append('&');  
            }  
            builder.deleteCharAt(builder.length()-1);  
        }  
        //下面的Content-Length: 是这个URL的二进制数据长度   
        byte b[]=builder.toString().getBytes();  
        URL url=new URL(urlPath);  
        HttpURLConnection con=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection();  
        con.setRequestMethod("POST");  
        con.setReadTimeout(5*1000);  
        con.setDoOutput(true);//打开向外输出   
        con.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");//内容类型   
        con.setRequestProperty("Content-Length",String.valueOf(b.length));//长度   
        OutputStream outStream=con.getOutputStream();  
        outStream.write(b);//写入数据   
        outStream.flush();//刷新内存   
        outStream.close();  
        //状态码是不成功   
        if(con.getResponseCode()==200)  
        {  
            return true;  
        }  
        return false;   
          
    }  
}