网页上有些图片的src或css背景图片的url后面跟了一大串字符 data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAYAAA...



  
  
  
  
    
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 大家可能注意到了,网页上有些图片的src或css背景图片的url后面跟了一大串字符

data:image/png;base64,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
如下:放入浏览器就会显示为一张图片
data:image/png;base64,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

那么这是什么呢?这是Data URI scheme。
Data URI scheme是在RFC2397中定义的,目的是将一些小的数据,直接嵌入到网页中,从而不用再从外部文件载入。比如上面那串字符,其实是一张小图片,将这些字符复制黏贴到火狐的地址栏中并转到,就能看到它了,一张1X36的白灰png图片。
在上面的Data URI中,data表示取得数据的协定名称,image/png 是数据类型名称,base64 是数据的编码方法,逗号后面就是这个image/png文件base64编码后的数据。

目前,Data URI scheme支持的类型有:
data:,文本数据
data:text/plain,文本数据
data:text/html,HTML代码
data:text/html;base64,base64编码的HTML代码
data:text/css,CSS代码
data:text/css;base64,base64编码的CSS代码
data:text/javascript,Javascript代码
data:text/javascript;base64,base64编码的Javascript代码
data:image/gif;base64,base64编码的gif图片数据
data:image/png;base64,base64编码的png图片数据
data:image/jpeg;base64,base64编码的jpeg图片数据
data:image/x-icon;base64,base64编码的icon图片数据

base64简单地说,它把一些 8-bit 数据翻译成标准 ASCII 字符,网上有很多免费的base64 编码和解码的工具,在PHP中可以用函数base64_encode() 进行编码,如echo base64_encode(file_get_contents(‘wg.png’));
目前,IE8、Firfox、Chrome、Opera浏览器都支持这种小文件嵌入。


举个图片的例子:网页中一张图片可以这样显示:

src=“http://www.letuknowit.com/images/wg.png”/>

也可以这样显示:

src=“data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAAkCAYAAABIdFAMAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAHhJREFUeNo8zjsOxCAMBF
B/KEAUFFR0Cbng3nQPw68ArZdAlOZppPFIBhH5EAB8b+Tlt9MYQ6i1BuqFaq1CKSVcxZ2Acs6406KUgpt5/LCKuVgz5BDCSb13ZO99ZOdcZGvt4mJjzMVKqcha68iIePB86GAiOv8CDADlIUQBs7MD
3wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg%3D%3D”/>

我们把图像文件的内容直接写在了HTML 文件中,这样做的好处是,节省了一个HTTP 请求。坏处呢,就是浏览器不会缓存这种图像。大家可以根据实际情况进行自由取舍,O(∩_∩)O~。

转于 http://www.cnblogs.com/XL-Liang/archive/2012/06/01/2530509.html 原创文章请注明转载于知蚁博客,本文地址:http://www.letuknowit.com/archives/76

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/seanxyh/archive/2013/04/10/3012906.html

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