Lateral View语法

描述

lateral view用于和split, explode等UDTF一起使用,它能够将一行数据拆成多行数据,在此基础上可以对拆分后的数据进行聚合。lateral view首先为原始表的每行调用UDTF,UTDF会把一行拆分成一或者多行,lateral view再把结果组合,产生一个支持别名表的虚拟表。

例子

假设我们有一张表pageAds,它有两列数据,第一列是pageid string,第二列是adid_list,即用逗号分隔的广告ID集合:

string pageid Array adid_list
"front_page" [1, 2, 3]
"contact_page" [3, 4, 5]

要统计所有广告ID在所有页面中出现的次数。
首先分拆广告ID:

SELECT pageid, adid  
   FROM pageAds LATERAL VIEW explode(adid_list) adTable AS adid;

执行结果如下:

string pageid Array adid_list
"front_page" 1
"front_page" 2
"front_page" 3
"contact_page" 3
"contact_page" 4
"contact_page" 5

接下来就是一个聚合的统计:

SELECT adid, count(1) 
    FROM pageAds LATERAL VIEW explode(adid_list) adTable AS adid
GROUP BY adid;
int adid count(1)
1 1
2 1
3 2
4 1
5 1

多个lateral view语句

一个FROM语句后可以跟多个lateral view语句,后面的lateral view语句能够引用它前面的所有表和列名。 以下面的表为例:

Array col1 Array adid_list
[1, 2] [a", "b", "c"]
[3, 4] [d", "e", "f"]
SELECT myCol1, col2 FROM baseTable
    LATERAL VIEW explode(col1) myTable1 AS myCol1;

执行结果为:

int mycol1 Array col2
1 [a", "b", "c"]
2 [a", "b", "c"]
3 [d", "e", "f"]
4 [d", "e", "f"]
加上一个lateral view:
SELECT myCol1, myCol2 FROM baseTable
    LATERAL VIEW explode(col1) myTable1 AS myCol1
    LATERAL VIEW explode(col2) myTable2 AS myCol2;
int myCol1 int myCol1
1 "a"
1 "b"
1 "c"
2 "a"
2 "b"
2 "c"
3 "d"
3 "e"
3 "f"
4 "d"
4 "e"
4 "f"

它的执行结果为:

int myCol1 int myCol1
1 "a"
1 "b"
1 "c"
2 "a"
2 "b"
2 "c"
3 "d"
3 "e"
3 "f"
4 "d"
4 "e"
4 "f"

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