一、Linux系统的安装。
本人计划安装CentOS6.X版本来学习Python。CentOS系统的下载地址【http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/Linux/CentOS/6.8/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.8-x86_64-bin-DVD2.iso】。具体的系统安装步骤不在详细介绍。
遇到问题：安装过程中遇到虚拟机报错error processing drive其原因是虚拟机分配内存太小导致系统安装无法继续调整下内存大小将512M调整到适当大小即可。
二、升级安装Python2.7.9
1. xz -d Python-2.7.9.tar.xz #将xz格式解压缩 ====>Python-2.7.9.tar
2. tar xf Python-2.7.9.tar #打开归档 ====>Python-2.7.9 变成目录
3. cd Python-2.7.9
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7.9 #安装三步骤
make && make install (记得使用echo $?检查)
4. ln -s /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python2.4.3 #将旧版本python链接到别的地方
ln -s /usr/local/python2.7.9/bin/python /usr/bin/python #将升级的python链接成为python
5. vim /usr/bin/yum将python替换为python2.4.3 #目的是使yum能够在旧的Python环境下继续使用三、安装setuptools
1. cd /usr/local/python2.7.9 #进入到Python的安装目录下去
2. tar xf setuptools-2.0.tar.gz #解压缩setuptools
3. cd setuptools-2.0 #进入到setuptools的目录下
4. python setup.py build #编译(echo $?检查)
5. python setup.py install #安装·遇到问题：RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module
copying setuptools.egg-info/zip-safe -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
creating dist
creating 'dist/setuptools-2.0-py2.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-i686/egg' to it
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "setup.py", line 200, in
dist = setuptools.setup(**setup_params)
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 151, in setup
dist.run_commands()
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 953, in run_commands
self.run_command(cmd)
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/python27/setuptools-2.0/setuptools/command/install.py", line 73, in run
self.do_egg_install()
File "/usr/local/python27/setuptools-2.0/setuptools/command/install.py", line 93, in do_egg_install
self.run_command('bdist_egg')
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/distutils/cmd.py", line 326, in run_command
self.distribution.run_command(command)
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/distutils/dist.py", line 972, in run_command
cmd_obj.run()
File "/usr/local/python27/setuptools-2.0/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 246, in run
dry_run=self.dry_run, mode=self.gen_header())
File "/usr/local/python27/setuptools-2.0/setuptools/command/bdist_egg.py", line 545, in make_zipfile
z = zipfile.ZipFile(zip_filename, mode, compression=compression)
File "/usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/zipfile.py", line 736, in __init__
"Compression requires the (missing) zlib module"
RuntimeError: Compression requires the (missing) zlib module ·解决办法：
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
安装完成后，重新编译 python2.7【不需要删除，只需要重新编译，make，安装就行了】
在执行python setup.py install 即可安装成功。
[root@xiaowei setuptools-2.0]# python setup.py install
running install
running bdist_egg
running egg_info
writing requirements to setuptools.egg-info/requires.txt
writing setuptools.egg-info/PKG-INFO
writing top-level names to setuptools.egg-info/top_level.txt
writing dependency_links to setuptools.egg-info/dependency_links.txt
writing entry points to setuptools.egg-info/entry_points.txt
reading manifest file 'setuptools.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in'
writing manifest file 'setuptools.egg-info/SOURCES.txt'
installing library code to build/bdist.linux-i686/egg
running install_lib
running build_py
copying setuptools.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info/entry_points.txt -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info/requires.txt -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
copying setuptools.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/EGG-INFO
creating 'dist/setuptools-2.0-py2.7.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-i686/egg' to it
removing 'build/bdist.linux-i686/egg' (and everything under it)
Processing setuptools-2.0-py2.7.egg
Copying setuptools-2.0-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/site-packages
Adding setuptools 2.0 to easy-install.pth file
Installing easy_install script to /usr/local/python27/bin
Installing easy_install-2.7 script to /usr/local/python27/bin
Installed /usr/local/python27/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-2.0-py2.7.egg
Processing dependencies for setuptools==2.0
Finished processing dependencies for setuptools==2.0
[root@xiaowei setuptools-2.0]# echo $?
0
[root@xiaowei setuptools-2.0]#四、安装pip.
1.cd /usr/local/python2.7.9/目录下，安装匹配(安装包为：pip-8.1.2.tar.gz)·遇到问题：ImportError: cannot import name HTTPSHandler
解决办法： yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
安装完成后，重新编译 python2.7【不需要删除，只需要重新编译，make，安装就行了】
在执行python setup.py install 即可安装成功。
测试如下：
[root@xiaowei pip-8.1.2]# /usr/local/python27/bin/pip install flask
Collecting flask
Downloading Flask-0.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (80kB)
100% |################################| 81kB 395kB/s
Collecting Werkzeug>=0.7 (from flask)
Downloading Werkzeug-0.11.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl (306kB)
100% |################################| 307kB 870kB/s
Collecting Jinja2>=2.4 (from flask)
Downloading Jinja2-2.8-py2.py3-none-any.whl (263kB)
100% |################################| 266kB 1.0MB/s
Collecting click>=2.0 (from flask)
Downloading click-6.6.tar.gz (283kB)
100% |################################| 286kB 1.2MB/s
Collecting itsdangerous>=0.21 (from flask)
Downloading itsdangerous-0.24.tar.gz (46kB)
100% |################################| 51kB 2.6MB/s
Collecting MarkupSafe (from Jinja2>=2.4->flask)
Downloading MarkupSafe-0.23.tar.gz
Installing collected packages: Werkzeug, MarkupSafe, Jinja2, click, itsdangerous, flask
Running setup.py install for MarkupSafe ... done
Running setup.py install for click ... done
Running setup.py install for itsdangerous ... done
Successfully installed Jinja2-2.8 MarkupSafe-0.23 Werkzeug-0.11.11 click-6.6 flask-0.11.1 itsdangerous-0.24五、使用pip安装ipython
使用pip命令安装ipython： pip install ipython
pip命令的使用：pip的使用详解：http://www.ttlsa.com/python/how-to-install-and-use-pip-ttlsa/
[root@xiaowei ~]# pip --help
Usage:
pip [options]
Commands:
install Install packages.
download Download packages.
uninstall Uninstall packages.
freeze Output installed packages in requirements format.
list List installed packages.
show Show information about installed packages.
search Search PyPI for packages.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash Compute hashes of package archives.
completion A helper command used for command completion
help Show help for commands.
General Options:
-h, --help Show help.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user
configuration.
-v, --verbose Give more output. Option is additive, and can be used up to 3 times.
-V, --version Show version and exit.
-q, --quiet Give less output.
--log Path to a verbose appending log.
--proxy Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5
times).
--timeout Set the socket timeout (default 15 seconds).
--exists-action Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe,
(b)ackup.
--trusted-host Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any
HTTPS.
--cert Path to alternate CA bundle.
--client-cert Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key
and the certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir Store the cache data in .
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip
is available for download. Implied with --no-index.