检查作业，作文和长难句分析
Recap：
目前为止已经学习了英文句子的五种基本结构 -> 哪五种？
从五种基本结构出发，复杂化句子的常见手法？
连词有哪些？
如何利用连词减少阅读量，猜测单词含义，分析文章结构？
作文框架的搭建?->启承转合
状语从句的分类?
定语从句？
同位语从句?和定语从句的区别？
手法
状语从句，后置定语，介词短语，同位语从句，定语从句，分词短语
原因状语从句介词比较
定语从句->形容词
状语从句->副词
名词短语->名词
名词从句：如果把句子当成名词来用，分别充当另一句话的主，宾，表或同，于是构成主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。
哪些句子当做名词来用?
陈述句，一般疑问句和特殊疑问句
为什么要加that?
That English is important is an undoubted fact.
English is important is an undoubted fact.
The criminal confessed his sins harmed many people.
The criminal confessed that his sins harmed many people.
He said no word at the meeting was strange.
That he said no word at the meeting was strange.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
The seas are being overfished has been known for years.
That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute.
The plates are moving is not beyond dispute.
My concern is that the child should be sent to school.
My concern is the child should be sent to school.
一般疑问句做句子成分
If vs whether
if一般只用于引导宾语从句，而whether可引导包括宾语从句在内的其他名词从句。
If he comes or not makes no difference. -> whether
The question is if he will come. -> whether
没有if or not, 可以说if ... or not, whether无此限制。
I don't know if or not he comes. -> whether or not
特殊疑问句
引导名词从句的连接词
陈述句做主语
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.
That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute.
That English is important is an undoubted fact.
That he doesn't understand English is obvious.
That the world is round is a fact.
That the moon itself does not give off light is common knowledge.
It has been known for years that the seas are being overfished.
It is not beyond dispute that the plates are moving.
It is an undoubted fact that English is important.
It is obvious that he doesn't understand English.
It is a fact that the world is round.
It is common knowledge that the moon itself does not give off light.
一般疑问句做主语
Whether he comes or not makes no difference to me.
特殊疑问句做主语
What we need is wholly new kind of police force.
What he told you is true.
When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decided.
Why he refused to cooperate with us is still a mystery.
陈述句作宾语
We know (that) the world is round.
I think (that) a sound knowledge of grammar is indispensable to good writing.
一般疑问句作宾语
I don't know if/whether he needs my help.
No one knew whether or not interest rates would rise.
主表同一班用whether引导
特殊疑问句作宾语
I have not decided whom I should vote for.
No one knows exactly how speech began.
Could you tell me where the post office is?
We don't know why he did not come yesterday.
陈述句作表语
My idea is that the child should be sent to school.
一般疑问句作表语
My concern is whether he comes or not.
特殊疑问句作表语
Money is what we are badly in need of.
陈述句作同位语
He was prepared to prove his theory that two different weights would fall to the ground at the same time.
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.
The rumor that Tom was thief turned out to be untrue.
They spread the lie everywhere that Tom was guilty of the theft.
一般疑问句作同位语
They are faced with the problem whether they should continue to work.
特殊疑问句作同位语
The question who should go abroad on this business tour requires consideration.
I have no idea when he will return.
定语从句
关作主
The woman is a famous dancer and she lives next door.
->
The woman is a famous dancer who (and she) lives next door.
->
The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer.
I like guys and they have a good sense of humor
-> ?
Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments.
关作宾
I‘d really like to find a friend and I can trust him completely.
->
I‘d really like to find a friend and I can trust who completely.
->
I‘d really like to find a friend who I can trust completely.
He is the best grammar teacher who I have ever seen.
关作介宾
I am talking about friends and you can share almost everything with him.
->
I am talking about friends and you can share almost everything with who.
->
I am talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
I like the people who I work with.
who作主
I am talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
whom作宾
I am talking about friends with whom you can share almost everything.
whose
I know a friend. His brother is a pop singer.
I know a friend whose brother is a pop singer.